Nutrition Chapter 3

Which statement is true about bacteria?

Bacteria are present in our bodies.

Which types of bacteria cause foodborne illness?

Campylobacter jejuni Escherichia coli Salmonella species

Please match each microorganism that causes foodborne illness with its typical food source

Campylobacter jejuni - raw and undercooked meat; unpasteurized milk; contaminated water Escherichia coli -undercooked ground meats; contaminated produce, especially lettuce, spinach, sprouts Salmonella - matches raw and undercooked meat, fish, poultry, eggs; raw sprouts Staphylococcus aureus - ham, poultry, tuna, egg, and potato salads; custards, cream-filled pastries

What are the recommendations regarding mercury intake for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding or who may become pregnant?

Choose fish such as salmon, shrimp, pollack, tilapia, catfish, and cod. Avoid tilefish, shark, swordfish, and king mackerel. Check the EPA advisories for the mercury content of fish from local waterways.

Which government agency regulates public water supplies in the US?

EPA

Match the agency on the left with its matching function on the right.

EPA - determining that a pesticide is beneficial FDA - testing foods for pesticide levels

The SNAP allows recipients to use an (EBT) card to purchase food and garden seeds.

Electronic Benefit Transfer

What government agency's role is to ensure food is safe for humans and animals to eat?

FDA

Pair the agency with the correct description of its role in monitoring the food supply in the United States

FDA - ensures safety and wholesomeness of all foods and regulates product labels CDC- responds to emergencies concerning foodborne illness State and local governments - food service establishment inspection, milk safety

Which act requires the EPA to consider children's pesticide exposure from foods?

Food Quality Protection Act

What are the main functions of food additives?

Food additives can function as flavor enhancers in foods. Food additives can function as preservatives in foods.

Foodborne illnesses most commonly affect the

GI tract

What are some examples of pesticides?

Herbicides Insecticides Fungicides

Match the description with the level of food security.

High - no indications of food access problems Marginal - 1 or 2 indications of food access problems Low- reduced quality, variety or desirability of diet Very low- Multiple indications of disrupted eating patterns and reduced food intake

With agricultural improvements, households can

earn more income. grow more crops.

Experts think that development will improve food security as the population grows.

economic or agricultural

Not all bacteria are ________ and cause foodborne illness.

pathogenic

Individuals living in a food desert may have limited access to ______ foods.

perishable fresh healthy

Which conditions are linked to arsenic consumption?

poor neurodevelopmental outcomes poor immune system function poor fetal growth

In countries with inadequate sanitation and high rates of foodborne illness, the water used for drinking is contaminated with ______.

raw sewage

Which of the following technologies involves rearranging DNA sequences?

recombinant DNA

Select those foods that have been modified by mutagenesis.

red grapefruit wheat barley

Which food is the major source of inorganic arsenic in our diets?

rice

SNAP benefits can be used to purchase

seeds. food.

Crossing two plants to produce a new variety that has traits of both original plants is an example of ______.

selective breeding genetic manipulation

Which foods are typical sources of Listeria monocytogenes?

soft cheese deli meats unpasteurized milk

Listeriosis symptoms include ______.

fever muscle aches nausea

When compared to conventional agriculture, organic farming can reduce __________ consumption.

fossil fuel

Food additives are found in all of the following except

fresh fruits.

Sulfites are found in a variety of foods including

frozen potatoes

Sulfites are found in a variety of foods including ______.

frozen potatoes

The first farmer to improve stock by selectively breeding the best bull with the best cows was implementing ______.

genetic manipulation

The first farmer to improve stock by selectively breeding the best bull with the best cows was implementing ______. Multiple choice question.

genetic manipulation

Parasites can rob people of their ______ and eventually their lives.

health

GM foods are designed and produced to ______.

improve crop resistance to insects confer herbicide tolerance

Intentional food additives are used to

improve freshness and safety.

As compared to conventional agriculture organic farming can ______.

improve soil health reduce contamination with pesticides

Which of these is NOT a concern of consumers regarding GM foods?

increased nutrient value of foods

Which of these is NOT a concern of consumers regarding GM foods? Multiple choice question.

increased nutrient value of foods

To help identify the presence of food additives in a prepared food, one should read the _______ found on the food label.

ingredient list or label

To help identify the presence of food additives in a prepared food, one should read the found on the food label.

ingredient list or label

Food ______ is when the quality, variety, and/or desirability of the diet is reduced and there is difficulty at times providing enough food for everyone in the household.

insecurity

What are consumer concerns about GM foods?

insufficient regulation development of Bt-resistant insects development of trade barriers

Nanoparticles can be used in food to

keep foods fresh longer brighten foods brighten colors

Which foodborne illness is 20 times more likely to develop in pregnant women?

listeriosis

Delivery and safety of water are under the jurisdiction of ______.

local municipal water departments

Delivery and safety of water are under the jurisdiction of ______. Multiple choice question.

local municipal water departments

While some bacteria are pathogenic and can cause illnesses, _____ are harmless.

most

What can be consequences of exposure to dioxins?

nerve damage increased risk of cancer and adverse effects on reproduction

Parasites absorb from their host.

nutrients

As developing countries become Westernized their diet changes. This phenomenon is known as

nutrition transition.

Which foods are addressed in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996?

sugar potatoes apples chicken beef eggs

Which of the following is a sulfur-based chemical used as a food additive?

sulfite

Which practices are not permitted in the production of organic foods?

synthetic pesticides synthetic hormones antibiotics

The effects of long-term exposure to low doses of pesticides are

uncertain

What are the most common causes of foodborne illnesses?

viruses bacteria

The greatest health risk from food and water today is contamination by Multiple choice question.

viruses and bacteria.

Pair each temperature range with associated effects

212-250. Temperature for canning low-acid foods. Spores are killed. 165-211 Bacteria (but not their spores), parasitic worms, and protozoa are killed. 135-165 Temperature for holding thoroughly cooked foods; bacterial growth is prevented but bacteria are not destroyed. 41-135 Bacterial growth is rapid. 32-40 Recommended refrigeration temperature; some bacteria can still multiply. 0-32 Bacteria can not grow under these conditions but can survive and resume growth when thawed.

The danger temperature zone when bacteria can grow quickly is between ______. Food should not stay within this temperature for more than 1 to 2 hours.

41 degrees to 135 degrees F

During pregnancy, albacore tuna should be limited to ounces per week or one meal due to its mercury content.

6 oz

EBT cards are given to recipients of which federal assistance program?

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

Which statement is correct in terms of pesticide use and the effects on human health?

The health effects of pesticide use depend on its concentration in the food and the age of the individual.

What government agencies are responsible for regulating pesticides?

USDA FDA EPA

Which of the following is not a government assistance program?

USDA - United States Department of Agriculture.

Please pair the agency with the correct description of its role in monitoring the food supply in the United States.

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) - Ensures wholesomeness and quality standards for grains, produce, meat, poultry, milk, eggs, and egg product Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF)- Enforces laws on alcoholic beverages and conducts inspections Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)- matches Regulates pesticides and establishes water quality standards

What is the name of the program that provides food vouchers and nutrition education to pregnant and lactating women and their children?

WIC

Which of the following has a nutrition education component as a part of the program?

WIC

Which of the following are examples of biotechnology used for grain production?

agricultural wheat crossed with wild grasses genetically altered seeds and plants selective breeding of better plant hybrids

Viruses ____ capable of reproducing and thriving through the same methods as bacteria in the human body. Multiple choice question.

are not

______ are single-cell organisms found in the food we eat, the water we drink, and the air we breathe

bacteria

Food irradiation can control the growth of insects, ______, ______, and parasites in foods.

bacteria, fungi

Today, nanoparticles are used to ______.

clean polluted water preserve foods and drugs detoxify hazardous waste

The Older American Act provides funding for noontime meals served at different sites within the community which are called ____ meal programs

congregate

Lead and mercury are examples of ______ that can be found in our foods.

contaminants

Pathogenic bacteria and viruses can reach food via ______.

contamination by an infected individual cross-contamination contamination by feces

Which animals did the first farmers selectively breed?

cow bull

Organic production relies on which farming practices?

crop rotation manure applications biological pest management composting

Recombinant DNA technology may involve ______.

cutting the DNA deleting a DNA sequence adding a DNA sequence

The temperature range between 41 and 135 degrees Fahrenheit, which is associated with the promotion of bacterial growth, is commonly referred to as the _______

danger zone

Food preservation techniques ______.

decrease growth of microorganisms in foods increase the shelf life of foods

The potential benefits of genetic modification on crops focus on ______.

decreased pesticide use improving food sustainability greater food yield

What are the symptoms most commonly associated with bacterial foodborne illnesses?

diarrhea vomiting

What are some examples of environmental and other contaminants that may be found in our food supply?

dioxins pesticides polychlorinated biphenyls

What damage can lead cause in humans?

Impair growth Damage organs

What can be done to food to decrease the chance of foodborne illness?

Increase use of food preservation techniques.

What can be done to food to decrease the chance of foodborne illness? Multiple choice question.

Increase use of food preservation techniques.

To help identify the presence of food additives in a prepared food, one should read the _____ found on the food label.

Ingredient list or label

Which statement is true about how food irradiation controls microbial growth?

Irradiating foods extends the shelf life of food and controls the growth of insects and pathogens in foods.

What is the name of a program funded by the Older Americans Act where elderly can receive home-delivered meals? Multiple choice question.

Meals on Wheels