Nutrition Chapter 5

According to the Food and Nutrition Board, carbohydrates should provide ___ to _____ of total calories in the diet

45 to 65

According to the ADA, people with diabetes should try to maintain HbA1c levels below __%

7

Which alternative sweetener contains the amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid?

aspartame

There is "convincing" evidence that dietary fiber will reduce the risk of __________ cancer.

colorectal

___________ carbohydrates have 3 or more monosaccharides bonded together

complex

Simple carbohydrates include ____________, which contain only one sugar unit, and __________ which contain 2 sugar units bonded together.

monosaccharides, disacchirades

What is the condition that can result in the removal of too much glucose from the bloodstream by the cells?

hyperinsulinemia

What are included in the classification of carbohydrates?

Complex carbs, Simple carbs

____________ _____________ is a serious chronic disease characterized by abnormal glucose, fat, and protein metabolism

Diabetes Mellitus

Which of the following can be converted into glucose?

amino acids

Starch is composed of:

amylopectin, amylose

Ketosis is the condition of having a high concentration of ketone bodies in the _____________.

bloodstream

__________ are a major source of energy for cells

carbohydrates

Why is high-fructose corn syrup such a commonly used food additive?

corn is readily available in the United States, fructose is sweeter than glucose

insulin function:

decreases blood glucose

Glycogen is comprised of many _________ units bonded together.

glucose

What is the major monosaccharide in the body?

glucose

___________ is also known as dextrose or blood sugar

glucose

Which two monosaccharides are components of the milk sugar lactose?

glucose and galactose

glucagon function

increases blood glucose

Type 2 diabetes is linked to __________

insulin resistance

What is true about a monosaccharide?

it is a chemical unit of carbohydrates, and it is the simplest type of sugar

Hypoglycemia may be diagnosed when the blood glucose level is _______.

less than 70 mg/dL

Fructose is aka

levolose

Where is glycogen stored in the body?

liver

Glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in the ______ and the __________

liver, muscles

What are some natural food sources of sucrose?

maple syrup, carrots

In which part of the GI tract does absorption of carbohydrates begin?

small intestine

____________ dietary fiber usually forms a semisolid mass in the intestinal tract that is quickly fermented by bacteria

soluble

Complex carbohydrates are also known as

starch

The amount of carbs to prevent ketosis is

130 g/day