Nutrition chapter 7 - Proteins
Almost all enzymes are ____.
proteins
All of the following are components that make up an amino acid except: oxygen carbon hydrogen sodium
sodium
Which of the following are the four building blocks of DNA?
adenine guanine thymine cytosine
A carbon skeleton is an amino acid without the ____.
amino grouo
The amino group is in what form in the urine?
ammonia
Fluid buildup in the interstitial fluid is called ____.
edema
Healthy individuals who are not in periods of growth or recovering from an illness or injury need to consume protein in an amount that is ____ the amount lost in urine, feces, sweat, skin cells, hair, and nails.
equal to
Animal proteins are a good source of all nine _____, or indispensable, amino acids.
essential
Quinoa and soy protein are both plant-based proteins that meet ____ amino acid needs.
essential
Which of the following are the two primary sources of fuel for cells?
fats carbohydrates
Blood proteins have what type of influence on body fluids?
help to maintain body fluid
What is the function of: hemoglobin lipoprotein retinol-binding protein transferrin
hemoglobin - carries oxygen lipoprotein - transports lipids retinol-binding protein - carries vitamin A transferrin - carries iron
_____-protein diets can lead to kidney problems and are not recommended for people with (or at risk for) kidney diseases.
high
Amino acids are important in the synthesis of many _____, such as insulin and glucagon.
hormones
The RDA for protein would be higher _____. during recovery from illness or injury during mental or emotional stress in highly trained athletes
during recovery from illness or injury in highly trained athletes
Proteins supply the body with about ___ kilocalories per gram.
4
_____ is a measure of how efficiently the absorbed food protein is converted into body tissue protein.
Biological Value
A diet high in animal protein can increase a person's chance of developing ____.
cardiovascular disease cancer
A(n) protein relates to food proteins that combine to make up for each other's inadequate supply of individual essential amino acids. When put together, the collective proteins supply a sufficient amount of all 9 essential amino acids.
complimentary
____ is known as "the disease the first child gets when the new child comes."
kwashiorkor - the oldest child is weakened from breast milk to a diet of gruels, which does not supply adequate calories or protein needed to maintain health
The likelihood of developing which of these diseases increases if energy develops from a protein deficiency?
measles, chicken pox, mumps
An essential amino acid: need not necessarily be included in the diet to maintain health can be synthesized in the body must be included in the diet or a deficiency will occur cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts
must be included in the diet or a deficiency will occur cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts
Pulses are a group of 12 crops, including _____.
peas, lentils, beans
What are the different levels of proteins organization?
primary secondary tertiary quaterinary
Which macronutrient is a key component of the cells within the immune system and makes up many of the antibodies that defend the body from illness?
protein
A(n) ____ usually accompanies a deficiency of calories and nutrients.
protein deficiency
Which nutrient plays a vital role in providing structural support to body cells and tissues?
proteins
The liver and kidneys must work hard to use protein to meet energy needs because ____.
proteins require a lot of processing to produce energy
The most common nutritional concerns for infants and children following vegetarian and vegan diets are ____.
vitamin B12 iron Vitamin D