Nutrition chapter 7 - Proteins

Almost all enzymes are ____.

proteins

All of the following are components that make up an amino acid except: oxygen carbon hydrogen sodium

sodium

Which of the following are the four building blocks of DNA?

adenine guanine thymine cytosine

A carbon skeleton is an amino acid without the ____.

amino grouo

The amino group is in what form in the urine?

ammonia

Fluid buildup in the interstitial fluid is called ____.

edema

Healthy individuals who are not in periods of growth or recovering from an illness or injury need to consume protein in an amount that is ____ the amount lost in urine, feces, sweat, skin cells, hair, and nails.

equal to

Animal proteins are a good source of all nine _____, or indispensable, amino acids.

essential

Quinoa and soy protein are both plant-based proteins that meet ____ amino acid needs.

essential

Which of the following are the two primary sources of fuel for cells?

fats carbohydrates

Blood proteins have what type of influence on body fluids?

help to maintain body fluid

What is the function of: hemoglobin lipoprotein retinol-binding protein transferrin

hemoglobin - carries oxygen lipoprotein - transports lipids retinol-binding protein - carries vitamin A transferrin - carries iron

_____-protein diets can lead to kidney problems and are not recommended for people with (or at risk for) kidney diseases.

high

Amino acids are important in the synthesis of many _____, such as insulin and glucagon.

hormones

The RDA for protein would be higher _____. during recovery from illness or injury during mental or emotional stress in highly trained athletes

during recovery from illness or injury in highly trained athletes

Proteins supply the body with about ___ kilocalories per gram.

4

_____ is a measure of how efficiently the absorbed food protein is converted into body tissue protein.

Biological Value

A diet high in animal protein can increase a person's chance of developing ____.

cardiovascular disease cancer

A(n) protein relates to food proteins that combine to make up for each other's inadequate supply of individual essential amino acids. When put together, the collective proteins supply a sufficient amount of all 9 essential amino acids.

complimentary

____ is known as "the disease the first child gets when the new child comes."

kwashiorkor - the oldest child is weakened from breast milk to a diet of gruels, which does not supply adequate calories or protein needed to maintain health

The likelihood of developing which of these diseases increases if energy develops from a protein deficiency?

measles, chicken pox, mumps

An essential amino acid: need not necessarily be included in the diet to maintain health can be synthesized in the body must be included in the diet or a deficiency will occur cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts

must be included in the diet or a deficiency will occur cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts

Pulses are a group of 12 crops, including _____.

peas, lentils, beans

What are the different levels of proteins organization?

primary secondary tertiary quaterinary

Which macronutrient is a key component of the cells within the immune system and makes up many of the antibodies that defend the body from illness?

protein

A(n) ____ usually accompanies a deficiency of calories and nutrients.

protein deficiency

Which nutrient plays a vital role in providing structural support to body cells and tissues?

proteins

The liver and kidneys must work hard to use protein to meet energy needs because ____.

proteins require a lot of processing to produce energy

The most common nutritional concerns for infants and children following vegetarian and vegan diets are ____.

vitamin B12 iron Vitamin D