Nutrition Chapter 8 Review

The body of an average healthy adult is approximately ________ percent water.

50-60

Which of the following minerals, when added to water supplies, is responsible for lowering the rate of dental caries in the United States?

Fluoride

Which of the following conditions is a genetic disorder in which individuals absorb too much dietary iron?

Hemochromatosis

Which of the following conditions is defined as too little potassium in the blood?

Hypokalemia

Which of the following conditions is defined as too little sodium in the blood?

Hyponatremia

Which of the following substances is an antioxidant and may lower deaths from certain types of cancer?

Selenium

In one study, individuals who drank water with high levels of manganese experienced symptoms similar to those of Parkinson's disease.

True

The inorganic form of arsenic is poisonous to humans.

True

The majority of the sodium in the typical American diet comes from processed foods.

True

The movement of water across the cell membrane is called osmosis.

True

Which of the following statements is correct?

Water acts as a solvent within the body, water is used to regulate body temperature, and water is a main component of the blood

Which of the following statements regarding potassium is correct?

A potassium deficiency can result from vomiting and/or diarrhea, low potassium levels can cause muscle weakness, and high-protein, low-vegetable/fruit may cause a potassium deficiency

Which of the following foods contains nonheme iron?

Beans

The acronym DASH in the DASH diet stands for

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension

A selenium deficiency can result in selenosis, which damages the heart.

False

Consumption of dietary calcium (not from supplements) is the root cause of the development of kidney stones.

False

Magnesium is the most abundant mineral in the body.

False

Processed foods provide about half of the sodium intake in the US.

False

Which of the following elements is a major component of hemoglobin?

Iron

Which of the following pairs of minerals combines to form hydroxyapatite?

Phosphorus and calcium

Which of the following substances can interfere with the absorption of iron?

Phytates

Hyperkalemia occurs when a person consumes too much ________ from supplements.

Potassium

Which of the following minerals is found in the amino acids methionine, cystine, and cysteine?

Sulfur

Dehydration can result if too much water and sodium have been lost from the body.

True

Fruits and vegetables are excellent sources of potassium.

True