Nutrition Exam 1

omega-3 fatty acids

polyunsaturated fatty acids commonly found in fish oils that are beneficial to cardiovascular health

Types of fatty acids

saturated and unsaturated

The DGA is a report containing evidence-based advice on food and beverages to consume

to promote health, reduce the risk of chronic disease, and meet nutrient needs. Although it includes some age-specific guidelines (for example, regarding the consumption of foods with added sugars), it is intended for people of all ages

Three classes of lipids

triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols

When describing the overall goals of Dietary Guidelines for Americans to a client who wants to make changes in his eating pattern, what is the best way for the nurse to describe this initiative

"It is an initiative aimed at helping people make higher quality food choices."

A nurse is meeting with a client who is seeking a healthier lifestyle by changing nutritional patterns. What statement is the most effective recommendation the nurse can make for this client?

"Obtain nutrients from food, not supplements."

One of the students in a nutrition class asks the nurse to explain the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs). How will the nurse best respond?

"They identify ranges for macronutrient intake as proportions of calorie intake."

The MyPlate graphic devotes

1/2 the plate to fruit and vegetables, 1/4 to protein, and 1/4 to grains

The DGA recommends limiting saturated fat to

10% of daily calories;

The clinic nurse is teaching clients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes about diet and weight control. To assess if teaching has been effective, the nurse gives the clients an exercise in which they must calculate the number of calories in a tablespoon of jelly that contains 13 g of carbohydrates, no protein, and no fat. What should the clients identify as the correct number of calories in the jelly?

52 calories

Morbidity obesity

>40

A nurse conducting a class on weight maintenance is discussing grain intake as outlined in Dietary Guidelines for Americans. What statement by class attendees indicates they understand the guidelines?

At least half our grain intake should consist of whole grains."

Saturated fatty acids

Bad" (saturated fat and trans fats) ➔Limited

The nurse is teaching a client recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus about the caloric value of carbohydrates. What would the nurse indicate is the caloric value of fiber?

Between 1.5 cal/g and 2.5 cal/g

The nurse is explaining the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) to a client seeking nutritional counseling. How would the nurse describe RDAs?

Intended for healthy individuals in all age groups

The client reports adhering to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs) for dietary intake as recommended by the healthcare provider. The nurse knows the client understands the purpose of the AMDRs when they identify what as a potential benefit?

Possible decrease in chronic disease risk

For Americans aged 2 and older, the average HEI-2015 score is

Rationale: 59 out of 100, indicating typical eating patterns of Americans do not align with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

Eating patterns associated with detrimental health include

Rationale: Eating patterns associated with detrimental health outcomes include high intake of red and processed meats, sugar-sweetened foods and beverages, and refined grains. Dark chocolate is typically made with very little sugar. The 1-ounce piece is small and not detrimental to the overall diet and health outcomes, assuming that the client is staying within reasonable total calorie intake and meeting all nutritional requirements.

Healthy People 2020 Goals

Rationale: Healthy People is a program under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) that focuses on improving the health and well-being of all Americans. Healthy People sets public health goals and objectives and monitors the nation's progress towards meeting those objectives.

Part of the Dietary Reference Intakes is the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL). Which of the following would be the correct explanation for the nurse to provide the client regarding these amounts?

The UL is the highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects.

The nurse has been asked to speak on diet and nutrition at a local community center. During the presentation, the nurse discusses the importance of "Adequate Intake." Which of the following should the nurse be sure to include regarding this topic?

The primary purpose of the Adequate Intake is to provide a nutritional goal for people to try to achieve.

The nurse is helping a client develop a menu plan. What information about nonnutritive sweeteners should the nurse share with the client?

They provide few or no calories.

The nurse provides a client with information about Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). When describing DRI, what statement should the nurse include?

They specify nutrient intake levels corresponding to adequacy and toxicity.

The American Institute for Cancer Research and Recommendations for Cancer Prevention suggest that men limit alcohol consumption

To 2 drinks/day, not per week. The recommendations do not include adopting a vegetarian eating pattern, but they do suggest limiting consumption of red and processed meats. The Institute discourages the use of supplements to protect against cancer.

The local community center is offering a class for clients who want to follow a healthier eating pattern. The community center plans to provide a selection of foods to create nutritional menu plans for a 3-day period. One of the criteria for the nutritional menu is to include a whole-grain food at least two times a day. Teaching has been effective when the class identified what as an example of a whole-grain food?

Wheaties

Diphyllobothrium latum

fish tapeworm

Rationale: Dextrose is also known as

glucose.

Omega-6 fatty acid (linoleic acid)

high in plant oils

malabsorption syndrome

inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestinal tract, especially the small intestine

megaloblastic anemia

larger than normal red blood cells

The AHA recommended that

most American women limit added sugar intake to a maximum of 100 cal/day (25 g or 6 tsp) and that most American men limit their added sugar intake to no more than 150 cal/day (38 g or 9 tsp

The MyPlate graphic and Dietary Guidelines are based on the philosophy that

the nutrient needs, to the greatest extent possible, should be met through food and not supplements

Less-than-healthful foods—

those that contain added sugar, added refined starches, solid fats, or alcohol—should be limited, but they do not have to be completely eliminated from the eating pattern

Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommend limiting sodium intake to

to 2300 mg/day; this is not specifically mentioned by the AICR.

Vegetarian diet benefits

•May reduce risk of obesity, diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, certain cancers •Generally cheaper •Lesser environmental impact

A nurse has attended a seminar covering the objectives of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Upon returning to the clinic, the nurse is asked what the clinic could do differently to meet the objectives. What would be an appropriate response?

"Discuss with clients how to customize and enjoy dietary choices."

The nurse is teaching the client ways to increase fiber intake. What recommendation should the nurse make to a client with a diagnosis of chronic constipation?

"Eat legumes two or three times per week

The school nurse is teaching nutrition to a group of primary school students. After presenting MyPlate to the students and discussing their food options, the nurse knows teaching has been effective when the students make what comment?

"Half our plate should be fruits and vegetables."

The community health nurse leader is providing annual education on Healthy People 2030 for local nurses. Which is the best explanation of the program's goals?

"It focuses on improving the health and well-being of all Americans."

The nurse is discussing healthy changes that a client can make to their eating pattern. When providing recommendations regarding eating less-than-healthful foods, what statement would the nurse make?

"It's fine to have these foods as long as you don't overdo it."

The nurse is conducting nutrition counseling at the clinic. A client who is at risk for prostate cancer asks what can be done to reduce his risk. Which of the following is the most appropriate recommendation?

"Try to be as lean as possible without being underweight."

Fructose

"is another monosaccharide known as fruit sugar" or levulose.

laxative effect

(abdominal gas, discomfort, or osmotic diarrhea) after consuming polyols.

Polyols

(e.g., sorbitol, mannitol, and xylitol), also known as sugar alcohols, are natural sweeteners derived from monosaccharides.

lifestyle medicine

The use of evidence-based lifestyle therapeutic approaches including plant-predominant dietary lifestyle, regular physical activity, adequate sleep, stress management, avoidance of risky substances, pursuing other nondrug modalities to treat, reverse, and prevent chronic disease

The nurse is teaching a nutrition class about Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). The nurse would correctly state that this collection includes which reference set?

Tolerable Upper Intake

The nurse is reviewing the food diary of a client. Which foods should the nurse encourage the client to eliminate from their diet due to their association with detrimental health outcomes? Select all that apply.

White toast with butter and jelly Pastrami and Swiss cheese sandwich on white bread Cheeseburger with tomato, lettuce, pickle Heavy whipping cream

Body Mass Index (BMI)

a measure of body weight relative to height

DGA initiative is to

aimed at both healthy people and people who could be at risk for developing chronic disease

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet

an eating pattern high in fruit, vegetables, low-fat dairy products, whole grains, poultry, fish, and nuts and low in fat, red meat, sweets, and sugar-sweetened beverages.

Bioinformatics

an interdisciplinary field that uses computer science and information

Nonnutritive sweeteners

are hundreds of times sweeter than sugar. They do not cause dental caries and do not raise blood sugar levels.

The American Institute for Cancer Research and Recommendations for Cancer Prevention suggest

being as lean as possible without being underweight.

The nurse is asked to explain the concept of variety within a major food group. Which would be the best example to give to illustrate the concept of variety within a major food group?

chicken, black beans, walnuts

Added sugars are

empty calories

organically produced foods

foods that are produced without the use of antibiotics, hormones, synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, genetic improvements, or ionizing radiation

Fiber is a

group name for polysaccharides that cannot be digested and absorbed by the human small intestine.

All digestible carbohydrates

provide 4 cal/g consumed. A tablespoon of jelly that contains 13 g of carbohydrates, no protein, and no fat provides 52 calories (4 cal/g × 13 g = 52 cal).

Oats"

re a whole grain with high fiber content; in fact, it is considered a "whole apackage

nutrigenomics (nutritional genomics)

study of nutrient-gene interactions and effects of these interactions on health

Simple sugar is a classification of carbohydrates

that includes monosaccharides and disaccharides commonly referred to as sugars. Protein is in its own classification of nutrient and is not a carbohydrate.

Normal BMI range

18.5-25

The client is a healthy college student who is interested in maintaining a healthy weight by following a 2000-calorie diet. How many cup equivalents of vegetables should the nurse recommend the student eat on a daily basis?

2 1/2

The client is learning to make healthy choices in the food by using MyPlate. The nurse determines that teaching has been effective when the client states that approximately what portion of the plate should be protein?

25%

Overweight

25-29.9

A client is learning to prepare meals for the family based on the healthy U.S.-style eating pattern. How many servings of dairy should the nurse recommend be included each day for a family member consuming 2000 cal/day?

3 cup equivalents

Individuals 2 years old and older should consume.

3 cup equivalents of dairy products daily when following a 2000-calorie, healthy U.S.-style eating pattern.

The nurse is teaching a client about the American Heart Association (AHA) recommendations are for added sugar. What would the nurse identify as the AHA's recommended limit to help prevent disease?

6 teaspoonfuls for women; 9 teaspoonfuls for men

An example of a whole grain is Wheaties. The other cereals are made from refined grains.

A client in a nutrition class is concerned about constipation and not having enough fiber in his diet. What would be the best rec

are a source of protein, and clients should be encouraged to vary their protein routine.

A nurse is trying to help a client understand the difference between glucose and glycogen. The nurse recognizes understanding when the client indicates that glycogen is the human version of

The nurse is teaching a class about the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). What should the nurse identify as the focus groups of the DGA?

All people regardless of age

whole grain

Americans are urged to eat whole grains for at least half of their total grain servings. Low intakes of whole grain (and also fruits and vegetables) negatively effects fiber intake.

What factors have contributed to dramatic changes in disease patterns? Select all that apply.

Changes in lifestyle over the last 50 years—an abundant, cheap food supply, increasing mechanization of daily life, sedentary occupations, and sedentary screen time—have been reflected in changes in disease patterns.

organic

Contains carbon

Dietary Guidelines for Americans

DGA is a program that focuses on urging Americans to make gradual changes in their eating patterns by shifting their food choices to higher quality selections

4 Types of unsaturated Fatty Acids

DHA Docohexanoic acid Omega-3 - F.A Omega-6 - FA Omega-9 - F.A

The nurse is teaching a basic class about nutrition to clients in a weight loss program. After discussing the process of carbohydrate digestion, the nurse recognizes teaching has been effective when the clients correctly identify which of the following as the primary site of carbohydrate digestion?

In the small intestine

Rationale: Fibers

In whole grains, dried peas and beans, and bran increase stool weight to help prevent constipation

The nurse is teaching the client about the impact of sugar consumption on health. The nurse recognizes that teaching has been effective when the client states that sugar is directly implicated in the development of what health condition?

Dental caries

The nurse is discussing polyols with a client. The nurse judges teaching to be effective when the client states that consuming large amounts of polyols is most likely to cause what symptom?

Diarrhea

Fiber is sometimes classified by its source. Dietary fiber refers to intact and naturally occurring fiber found in plants. Functional fiber refers to fiber that has been isolated or extracted from plants and then added to food. Total fiber is the sum of dietary and functional fiber. Viscous fiber is a term proposed by the National Academy of Sciences to replace soluble fiber.

Dietary

The nurse is explaining the terminology used to classify fiber. What term has been suggested for intact and naturally occurring plant fiber?

Dietary

During the nutrition class, the nurse asks one of the students to describe the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR). The student has answered correctly by stating which of the following?

EAR is the amount of a nutrient that is estimated to meet the requirement of half of healthy people in a lifestyle or gender group.

The nurse is providing dietary guidance related to cancer prevention. What recommendation would the nurse include from the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR)?

Follow the healthy Mediterranean-style eating pattern.

The nurse is conducting nutrition counseling for a young adult in the clinic when the clients asks, "What do you mean when you say, 'calories for other uses?'" How would the nurse explain this term?

Foods that aren't nutrient dense but fit within in the eating pattern

Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015)

For Americans aged 2 and older, the average HEI-2015 score is 59 out of 100, indicating typical eating patterns of Americans do not align with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

The nurse is reviewing the first week of entries in the food diary of a client wanting to increase positive health outcomes. Which meals should the nurse encourage the client to continue to eat based upon the diary's entries? Select all that apply.

Friday's dinner Friday's breakfast Wednesday's lunch

The nurse is teaching a group of clients how to read nutritional labels to enable them to make informed choices. The nurse includes information about the various names that are used to identify sugars that are found in fruit, such as dextrose. The nurse knows that teaching has been effective when one client states that dextrose is also known by what name?

Glucose

starchy

Glycogen is the animal (including human) version of starch. It is a stored form of carbohydrate that is available for energy as needed.

saturated fats

Good - A fat that is solid at room temperature and found in animal fats, lards, and dairy products.

These calories are referred to as "calories for other uses."

If a person chooses only foods that are nutrient dense, then it is likely that a small number of calories will remain within the overall calorie limit for the eating pattern.

Glucose is the sugar of greatest distinction:

It circulates through the blood to provide energy for body cells it is a component of all disaccharides, it is virtually the sole constituent of complex carbohydrates, and it is the sugar to which the body converts all other digestible carbohydrates.

The nurse is evaluating the dietary log of a client to ensure they are meeting the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and notes that the client eats the exact same meals almost every day. What must the nurse further assess for?

Lack of variety

Substitute legumes for meat protein sources."

Legumes

Mrs. Downy, age 55 years, has expressed an interest in making major changes in her life in order to reach her ideal weight and control the symptoms of prediabetes and hypertension. What suggestion should the nurse make to the client to best held her achieve these goals?

Lifestyle Medicine fosters the use of evidence-based lifestyle therapeutic approaches to facilitate long-term lifestyle changes to prevent and treat chronic diseases.

The county health nurse is reviewing data to compare two local communities' eating patterns for overall positive health outcomes. What eating patterns are associated with positive health outcomes? Select all that apply.

Meals include a relatively high intake of vegetables. Protein comes from lean meats, seafood, and nuts. Fruit juices are the primary source of fruit.

vegetarian and lack of vitamin B12

Neurological problems Neuropathy - Peripheral neuropathy - Loss of feeling in feets and limbs Paralysis - of the muscular system

A client reports having occasional constipation. What food would the nurse recommend to help prevent the condition?

Oatmeal

After teaching a group of adolescents about nutrition, the nurse is evaluating student comments to confirm adequate learning. Which statements by the students would indicate adequate learning occurred? Select all that apply

Of all Americans, adolescents tend to have the lowest-quality diet." "The vast majority of Americans do not eat enough fruits and vegetables." Americans tend to eat too many calories."

healthy eating pattern

Rationale: A healthy eating pattern includes a variety of nutrient-dense foods across food groups that provide adequate amounts of nutrients within the appropriate calorie limits. According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, eating patterns associated with positive health outcomes are characterized by relatively high intakes of vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains, low- or non-fat dairy, lean meats and poultry, seafood, nuts, and unsaturated vegetable oils.

Numerous health organizations in the United States have issued dietary recommendations so that Americans can choose eating patterns that are aimed primarily at which goal?

Reducing their risk of chronic disease

The nurse teaching a nutritional educational class includes information on the typical American diet using data from the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). Which statement used in the teaching by the nurse is most accurate?

The HEI-2015 score for ages 2 and up is 59 points."

Most carbohydrate digestion occurs

in the small intestine, where pancreatic amylase reduces complex carbohydrates into shorter chains and disaccharides. Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth, but its effects are halted by the acids in the stomach. Carbohydrates

The 2000-calorie diet MyPlate diet guidelines recommend that

individuals age 2 years and older should eat 2 1/2 cup equivalents of a variety of vegetables daily.

Maltose

is a disaccharide and is not naturally found in foods.

Sugar

is implicated in the development of dental caries. Feeding on sugars and starches, bacteria residing in the mouth produce an acid that erodes tooth enamel.

Sugar consumption

is linked to risk factors for obesity, heart disease, and high blood pressure, but it has not been identified as a direct cause of these conditions.

fiber does not provide any calories because g.

it is not truly digested by human enzymes. Yet most fibers, particularly soluble fibers, are fermented by bacteria in the colon and produce carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen, and short-chain fatty acids, which serve as a source of energy for the mucosal lining of the colon. Although the exact energy value is unknown, current data indicate the value is between 1.5 and 2.5 cal/

functional fiber

nondigestible carbohydrates either isolated from natural sources or synthesized; these may be added to foods and dietary supplements

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans include evidence-based advice

on selecting foods and beverages to consume to promote health, reduce the risk of chronic disease, and meet nutrient needs.

dietary fiber

plant material that cannot be digested

MyPlate is a visual tool intended to

promote healthy eating patterns by suggesting the proportions of foods to include in meals. It features a place setting with 1/2 the dinner plate devoted to fruits and vegetables, 1/4 to protein, and 1/4 to grain, with dairy accompanying the plate.