Nutrition Exam 1
Obesity
A condition characterized by the accumulation of too much body fat.
Physiological Dose
Amount of a nutrient that is within the range of safe intake and enables the body to function optimally.
Nutrients
Chemicals necessary for proper body functioning.
Phytochemicals
Compounds made by plants that are not nutrients.
Nutrient Dense
Describes food or beverage that has more vitamins and minerals in relation to is energy value.
Empty-Calorie
Describes food or beverage that is a poor source of micronutrients in relation to its energy value.
Energy Dense
Energy value of a food in relation to the food's weight.
Megadose
Generally defined as 10 times the recommended amount of a vitamin or mineral.
Fiber
Group of substances made by plants that humans do not digest but produce some health benefits.
Kilocalorie or Calorie
Heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 liter of water 1 degree Celsius; measure of food energy.
Dietary Supplements
Nutrient preparations, certain hormones, and herbal products.
Essential Nutrient
Nutrient that must be supplied by food.
Macronutrients
Nutrients needed in gram amounts daily and that provide energy; carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Moderation
Obtaining adequate amounts of nutrients while balancing calorie intake with calorie expenditure.
Risk Factor
Personal characteristic that increases a person's chances of developing a disease.
Nutrition
Scientific study of nutrients and how the body uses these substances.
Cell
Smallest living functional unit in an organism.
Deficiency Disease
State of health that occurs when a nutrient is missing from the diet.
Malnutrition
State of health that occurs when the body is improperly nourished.
Chemistry
Study of the composition and characteristics of matter and changes that can occur to it.
Antioxidant
Substance that protects other compounds from being damaged or destroyed by certain factors.
Biotechnology
The use of living things-plants, animals, microbes- to manufacture new products.
Metabolism
Total of all chemical processes that take place in living cells.
Diet
Usual pattern of food choices.
Micronutrients
Vitamins and minerals.
Lifestyle
Way of living.