Nutrition Exam 1

A large hamburger (e.g.,Whopper®) sandwich contains 628 kilocalories and 36 grams of fat.Approximately what percentage of the total energy is contributed by fat? 23% 52% 19% 41%

52% 36 grams of fat x 9 kcal/g = 324 kcal from fat.324 kcal from fat / 628 total kcal = 0.52 = 52% of kcal from fat.

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend which of the following? Limit calories from saturated fats and added sugars. Consume two alcoholic beverages per day. Eliminate oils and solid fats from the diet. Decrease vegetable and fruit intake.

Limit calories from saturated fats and added sugars

Which of the following nutrients can directly supply energy for human use? Lipids Fiber Vitamins Minerals

Lipids

Where does digestion begin? Multiple Choice Mouth Stomach Esophagus Small intestine

Mouth

What substances, present in fruits and vegetables, provide significant health benefits such as reducing the risk of cancer? Phytochemicals Beta blockers Deoxidizers Free radicals

Phytochemicals

Which of the following yield greater than 4 kilocalories per gram? Plant fats Plant carbohydrates Plant proteins Animal proteins

Plant fats

What is one function of the pyloric sphincter? Multiple Choice Prevents esophageal contents from emptying too quickly into the stomach Prevents stomach contents from backing up into the esophagus Prevents intestinal contents from backing up into the stomach Prevents intestinal contents from emptying too quickly into the colon

Prevents intestinal contents from backing up into the stomach

Of the following, which is a major source of sucrose? Multiple Choice Alcohol Fruits Grains Sugar cane

Sugar cane

Which of the following is a major contributor of empty calories in American diets? Sugar-sweetened beverages Diet soft drinks Canned fruits Whole grain breakfast cereals

Sugar-sweetened beverages

Adequate Intakes (AI) are established for nutrients for which there is not enough information to set RDAs. are established for carbohydrate, total fat, and dietary fiber. represent minimum nutrient needs. are established for all vitamins and minerals.

are established for nutrients for which there is not enough information to set RDAs

According to MyPlate, food choices from the Grains group should include an equal amount of whole grain and refined grain products. at least half of the grain servings as whole grain cereals, breads, crackers, rice, or pasta every day. only whole grain products. a serving of grain products at each meal.

at least half of the grain servings as whole grain cereals, breads, crackers, rice, or pasta every day

The glycemic index (GI) is a measurement of how a carbohydrate-containing food raises Multiple Choice blood glucose. liver glycogen. insulin released from the pancreas. glycogen stored in muscle.

blood glucose

For which of the following is glucose most critical as an energy source? Multiple Choice Muscles Brain Liver Heart

brain

In human physiology, ____ of the same type join together to form ___, which in turn form more complex structures called ___. Multiple Choice organs; tissues; organelles cells; organs; tissues organelles; organs; tissues cells; tissues; organs

cells; tissues; organs

Constipation can best be prevented by Multiple Choice eating dietary fiber. restricting fluids. restricting physical exercise. using laxatives.

eating dietary fiber

The main function of glucose is to supply _______________ for the body. Multiple Choice energy vitamins building materials hormones

energy

Polysaccharides that cannot be digested by human digestive enzymes, and therefore cannot be absorbed, are called _______________. Multiple Choice amylose fiber glycogen starch

fiber

Major fructose sources include Multiple Choice milk and cheese. fruits and high fructose corn syrup. fruits and vegetables. nuts and seeds.

fruits and high fructose corn syrup

According to the Dietary Guidelines, Americans should adjust their dietary patterns to include more milk, meat, and beans. fruits, vegetables, low-fat milk, and whole grains. grains, beans, and solid fats. fruit juice, beans, and meat.

fruits, vegetables, low-fat milk, and whole grains

Isolated nondigestible carbohydrates that are added to food because they have beneficial physiological effects in human beings are called Multiple Choice phytochemicals. functional fiber. dietary supplements. amylopectin.

functional fiber

The monosaccharides important in nutrition are fructose, glucose, and _______________. Multiple Choice lactose sucrose galactose maltose

galactose

The major symptoms of lactose intolerance are Multiple Choice gas, abdominal pain, and distention. a rash, sneezing, and stuffy nose. a headache and chest pain. nausea and vomiting.

gas, abdominal pain, and distention

A recurrent and serious form of heartburn is called Multiple Choice cardiovascular reflux disease. gastric distress. esophageal ulceritis. gastroesophageal reflux disease.

gastroesophageal reflux disease

The red blood cells and brain are two body tissues that derive most of their energy from ____________. Multiple Choice fat protein glucose iron

glucose

What is the major monosaccharide found in the body? Multiple Choice Glucose Fructose Galactose Sucrose

glucose

Two tablespoons (tbsp) of salad dressing, peanut butter, or margarine is about the size of a yoyo. baseball. tennis ball. golf ball.

golf ball

A kilocalorie is a measure of heat energy. fat in food. nutrients in food. sugar and fat in food.

heat energy

Food manufacturers prefer ______ as a sweetener because it is easy to transport, has better shelf-stability, lower cost, and improves food properties. Multiple Choice table sugar high-fructose corn syrup sucralose (Splenda) honey

high-fructose corn syrup

The recommendations for a high-carbohydrate diet refer to one that is ______ in complex carbohydrates and ______ in simple carbohydrates. Multiple Choice low; high high; low moderate; high low; moderate

high; low

When eating a high-fiber diet, one should Multiple Choice restrict fluid intake. not be concerned about consuming large amounts. avoid foods that are not whole grain. increase fluid intake.

increase fluid intake

The hormone _______________ is released from the pancreas when blood glucose is elevated above a normal range. Multiple Choice glucagon insulin thyroxin glycogen

insulin

Lactose intolerance is caused by Multiple Choice a milk allergy. lactase deficiency. milk bacteria. intestinal bacteria.

lactase deficiency

Milk sugar is known as _______________. Multiple Choice maltose glucose mannose lactose

lactose

The disaccharides important in nutrition are sucrose, maltose, and _______________. Multiple Choice lactose fructose dextrose galactose

lactose

Which of the following is not a monosaccharide? Multiple Choice Galactose Fructose Lactose Glucose

lactose

_______________ is a condition in which one lacks lactase. Symptoms include gas and bloating after consuming dairy products. Multiple Choice Milk allergy Celiac disease Lactose intolerance Galactosemia

lactose intollerance

The organelles that are known as the "power plants" or the "powerhouses" of the cell are the Multiple Choice lysosomes. ribosomes. nuclei. mitochondria.

mitochondria

The term "simple carbohydrates" refers to Multiple Choice starch. monosaccharides and disaccharides. fiber. polysaccharides.

monosaccharides and disaccharides

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the _______________. Multiple Choice mouth stomach small intestine pancreas

mouth

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the Multiple Choice stomach with gastric lipase. stomach with peptic amylase. mouth with salivary amylase. small intestine with pancreatic amylase.

mouth with salivary amylase

The muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract are called Multiple Choice regurgitation. peristalsis. propulsion. compression.

peristalsis

Dietary fibers primarily are Multiple Choice polysaccharides. polypeptides. disaccharides. monosaccharides.

polysaccharides

Simple sugars in large quantities have been shown to Multiple Choice cause obesity. promote tooth decay. cause diabetes mellitus. cause hyperactivity.

promote tooth decay

The function of thick mucus in the stomach is to Multiple Choice promote fat digestion. activate stomach enzymes. protect stomach cells from acid and enzymes. keep the stomach bacteria-free.

protect stomach cells from acid and enzymes

The villi of the small intestine Multiple Choice provide an enormous surface area that facilitates absorption. store fat-soluble vitamins. continuously push food through the small intestine to the colon. inactivate enzymes consumed with food.

provide an enormous surface area that facilitates absorption

The stomach empties into the small intestine through the Multiple Choice pyloric sphincter. esophageal sphincter. sphincter of Oddi. ileocecal sphincter.

pyloric sphincter

The Dietary Guidelines emphasize reduction of both total calories and physical activity. reduction of total calories, sugar-sweetened beverages, saturated fat, and sodium. increase in animal protein and refined grains. increase in all types of dairy products.

reduction of total calories, sugar-sweetened beverages, saturated fat, and sodium

Which of the following is a major source of lactose? Multiple Choice Skim milk Broccoli Apples Honey

skim milk

Most chemical digestion takes place in the Multiple Choice stomach. small intestine. pancreas. large intestine.

small intestine

To reduce their risk for many chronic diseases, Americans should limit their intakes of phytochemicals. whole grains. water. solid fats.

solid fats

The main function of glucose is to Multiple Choice serve as raw material to build tissue. work with enzymes to carry out chemical reactions. repair tissue. supply energy.

supply energy

The food components that yield the highest percentage of calories from carbohydrates are Multiple Choice corn flakes, rice, bread, and noodles peas, broccoli, oatmeal, dry beans and other legumes cream pies, French fries, and fat-free milk table sugar, honey, jam, jelly, fruit, and plain baked potatoes

table sugar, honey, jam, jelly, fruit, and plain baked potatoes

A disaccharide is formed by the chemical bonding of Multiple Choice two monosaccharides. two polysaccharides. one monosaccharide and one polysaccharide. two oligosaccharides.

two monosaccharides

The walls of the small intestine are folded, and within the folds are fingerlike projections called Multiple Choice rugae. cilia. nephrons. villi.

villi

Gram for gram, which provides the most energy? Carbohydrates Proteins Alcohol Fats

Fats

Starch is comprised of hundreds and perhaps thousands of which molecule? Multiple Choice Fructose Glycerol Glucose Galactose

Glucose

_______________ is the major monosaccharide found in the body. Multiple Choice Fructose Glucose Lactose Sucrose

Glucose

Many health authorities recommend that Americans consume within _______________% of their total calories from carbohydrate. Multiple Choice 10-25 25-50 45-65 60-75

45-65

A reasonable and recommended goal for daily dietary fiber intake is how many grams? Multiple Choice 10 to 12 15 to 30 20 to 34 25 to 38

25 to 38

Carbohydrates provide _______ kiocalories per gram 4 7 9 0

4

A meal consisting of a cheeseburger, large fries, and a chocolate shake provides a total of 1,120kilocalories. Forty-eight percent of the energy in the meal is from carbohydrate and 13 percentis from protein. How many kilocalories of fat does the meal contain? 137 313 287 437

437 100% - 48% of kcal from carbohydrates - 13% of kcal from protein = 39% of kcal from fat.1120 kcal x 0.39 = 437 kcal from fat.

Linda has been experiencing some problems with bowel regularity. She saw a commercial for a yogurt with added probiotics that claims to aid with digestion and alleviate bowel problems. What is a probiotic? Multiple Choice A probiotic is a substance that stimulates bacterial growth in the large intestines. A probiotic contains nutrient-dense bacteria that eat other bad bacteria in the stomach. A probiotic contains specific types of bacteria that are intended to colonize the large intestine and thereby improve intestinal tract health. A probiotic is a dietary supplement that increases fat metabolism, which in turn improves digestive health.

A probiotic contains specific types of bacteria that are intended to colonize the large intestine and thereby improve intestinal tract health.

Which of the following is a description of chyme? Multiple Choice A watery mixture of partially digested food released by the stomach into the intestines The semisolid mass of undigested food that is swallowed The mixture of pancreatic juices containing enzymes for digestion A thick, viscous material synthesized by mucosal cells for protection against digestive juices

A watery mixture of partially digested food released by the stomach into the intestines

Most stomach ulcers are cause by ______ infection. Multiple Choice Clostridium botulinum E. coli Salmonella Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori

Which of the following terms describes psychological influences that encourage us to find and eatfood? Appetite Hunger Satiety Saturation

Appetite

Which of the following is an essential nutrient? Alcohol Carbohydrates Phytochemicals Zoochemicals

Carbohydrates

Which of the following is true about the energy content of nutrients? Lipids supply 7 kilocalories per gram. Carbohydrates and proteins supply 4 kilocalories per gram. Alcohol supplies 9 kilocalories per gram. Lipids and alcohol supply 9 kilocalories per gram

Carbohydrates and proteins supply 4 kilocalories per gram

Which statement best describes nutrient density? Choose a number of different foods within any given food group rather than the "same oldthing." Consume a variety of foods from MyPlate's five major food groups every day. Plan your entire day's diet so that you don't overconsume nutrient sources. Consume foods that have the most nutrients when compared to their kilocalories.

Consume foods that have the most nutrients when compared to their kilocalories

Which of the following is stored within the nucleus of the cell and acts as a code book for synthesizing specific proteins? Multiple Choice RNA Cells Organs DNA

DNA

Which of the following nutrient standards is referenced on the Nutrition Facts panel of a box ofCheerios™? Recommended Dietary Allowance Daily Value Adequate Intake Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily Dietary Intake

Daily Value

_______________ is the main problem associated with excessive sugar intake. Multiple Choice Diabetes Dental cavities Obesity Heart disease

Dental cavities

Which of the following is true about the way we should eat to achieve good nutritional status? Eat fruits and vegetables because we can get all the nutrients we need from these. Do the best we can but take supplements to fill in the deficient areas. Eat a wide variety of foods because no single natural food meets all human nutrient needs. Eat only plant products because animal products are bad and generally filled with hormones for animal growth.

Eat a wide variety of foods because no single natural food meets all human nutrient needs

John Fibernugget wants to increase his fiber intake. Which of the following would be the safest way for him do this? Multiple Choice Eating enriched grains such as Rice Krispies and Saltines Buying bran and fiber supplements to add to his current diet Reading the labels of grain products and buying those labeled "wheat flour" Eating more fruits and vegetables and not removing the edible peels

Eating more fruits and vegetables and not removing the edible peels

Which of the following is true about digestive enzymes? Multiple Choice One enzyme can speed many types of chemical processes. Enzymes are not sensitive to temperature. Enzymes that work in the acidic environment of the stomach cannot work in the basic or alkaline environment of the small intestine and vice versa. Enzymes typically work independently of vitamins or minerals.

Enzymes that work in the acidic environment of the stomach cannot work in the basic or alkaline environment of the small intestine and vice versa.

Which of the following foods would have the most fiber? Multiple Choice Kidney beans English muffins made with enriched flour Orange juice Corn flakes

Kidney beans

Which of the following is NOT considered part of the GI tract? Multiple Choice Anus Kidneys Colon Esophagus

Kidneys

Which section of MyPlate is the least significant source of carbohydrate? Multiple Choice Grains Vegetables Fruits Protein Dairy

Protein

You are on a diet and eating less than 50 grams of carbohydrate per day. The claim made in the diet educational materials is that carbohydrate is the main culprit in being overweight, so it must be restricted. Which of the following will happen as a result of this low carbohydrate diet? Multiple Choice Proteins in muscles, heart, and other vital organs will be broken down into amino acids to make needed glucose, over time weakening the muscles and organs. Fat will be broken down and used as the exclusive fuel, leading to considerable fat loss and little health risk. Ketones will be produced from partial protein metabolism to be used for energy. Fat will be broken down and converted to glucose that will be used as the primary energy source.

Proteins in muscles, heart, and other vital organs will be broken down into amino acids to make needed glucose, over time weakening the muscles and organs.

The acronym RDA stands for Recommended Dietary Allowance. Recommended Daily Allowance. Required Dietary Allowance. Required Daily Allowance.

Recommended Dietary Allowance

Which meal contains foods from all food groups represented in MyPlate? Chef's salad containing ham, lettuce, an egg, Thousand Island dressing, and croutons;bagel; apple; and soft drink Steak, baked potato with margarine, broccoli, salad with oil and vinegar dressing, milk Refried beans, onions, tomatoes, and cheddar cheese wrapped in a tortilla; orange; andwater Pasta, marinara (tomato) sauce with clams, house salad with vegetables, Italian bread withbutter, and wine

Refined beans, onions, tomatoes, and cheddar cheese wrapped in a tortilla; orange; and water

Linda's mother complains that she is frequently constipated. All of the following are useful strategies for alleviating constipation EXCEPT Multiple Choice Eat more high-fiber foods like whole grain breads and cereals. Increase water intake to help prevent dehydration, which makes constipation worse. Try to develop more regular bowel habits such as allowing the same time each day for a bowel movement, which will help train the large intestine to respond routinely. Take calcium or iron supplements to help alleviate constipation.

Take calcium or iron supplements to help alleviate constipation

Which of the following is not true of dietary fibers? Multiple Choice They are mostly polysaccharides. The bonds between sugar units cannot be broken by human digestive enzymes. They cannot be absorbed by the small intestine. They are absorbed in the large intestine.

They are absorbed in the large intestine

A disaccharide is formed by the chemical bonding of Multiple Choice two monosaccharides. two polysaccharides. one monosaccharide and one polysaccharide. two oligosaccharides.

Two monosaccharides

Which of the following is a function of water? Provides energy Transports nutrients and waste Structural component of bone Prevention of oxidative damage to cell membranes

Transports nutrients and waste

Which of the following is true about the use of MyPlate? The guide applies to infants. Milk and meat are essential to good nutrition. Variety is the key to the plan. The guide does not permit use of fats, oils, and sweets.

Variety is the key to the plan

Which of the following contain no calories? Alcohol Proteins Carbohydrates Vitamins

Vitamins

Amylose is Multiple Choice a long, straight glucose chain. branched glucose chains. a long, straight fatty acid chain. branched amino acid chains.

a long, straight glucose chain

Nutrient density can be defined as the amount of a particular nutrient in a serving of food divided by the number of kilocalories in thatserving. a particular nutrient in a serving of food divided by the number of grams of protein. kilocalories in a food divided by the amount of kilocalories needed in a day. a nutrient in a serving of food divided by the amount of the nutrient needed for that day.

a particular nutrient in a serving of food divided by the number of the kilocalories in that serving

Excessive acid production in the stomach or upper small intestine could result in Multiple Choice poor iron, calcium, and folate absorption. excessive intestinal bacterial growth. an ulcer. decreased fiber digestion and absorption.

an ulcer