Organization Bihavior Ch3
McClelland suggested that individuals are influenced by three "learned" needs: achievement, power, and ＿＿＿＿.
"affiliation."
In terms of equity theory, which of the following are considered outcomes? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Promotions Performance Effort Pay
Promotions Pay
Which strategies would be advisable if an organization wanted to increase an employee's belief that he or she is capable of performing the job successfully? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Providing training and clarifying job requirements Giving the employee sufficient resources to do the job Distributing rewards that the employee values Measuring job performance accurately
Providing training and clarifying job requirements Giving the employee sufficient resources to do the job
Which of the following core job characteristics contribute to the job's meaningfulness? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Skill variety Job feedback Task significance Task identity
Skill variety Task significance Task identity
Which motivation theory explains how learning and motivation occur by observing and modeling others, as well as by anticipating the consequences of our behavior? Multiple choice question. Social cognitive theory Expectancy theory Learned needs theory Organizational behavior modification
Social cognitive theory
Which element of SMARTER goals clarifies performance expectations so that employees can direct their efforts more efficiently and reliably? Multiple choice question. Achievable Relevant Measurable Specific
Specific
Linda owns an executive search firm and has established a goal for each of her recruiters to make 25 or more contacts with prospective candidates each day. This illustrates which of the following concepts of SMARTER goals? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Specific Targeted Feedback Measurable
Specific Measurable
What are the basic characteristics of the forces that make up a person's motivation? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Persistence Direction Intensity Repetition
Persistence Direction Intensity
Which of the following is the most basic need in Maslow's hierarchy? Multiple choice question. Belongingness Esteem Physiological Self-actualization Safety
Physiological.
A sales rep receives an unexpected bonus check when he exceeds his sales quota for the quarter. According to the A-B-C model, what type of consequence is this? Multiple choice question. Punishment Negative reinforcement Extinction Positive reinforcement
Positive reinforcement
An individual's emotional and cognitive motivation to achieve work-related goals is referred to as ______. Multiple choice question. continuance commitment behavior modeling employee engagement cognitive dissonance
employee engagement
The emotional involvement in, commitment to, and satisfaction with the work a person does is called ______. Multiple choice question. social identity employee engagement continuance commitment self-efficacy
employee engagement.
The "value-expressive" function of voice states that ______. Multiple choice question. employees are less inclined to speak up about issues of distributive justice than procedural justice receiving feedback from multiple people is more valuable than feedback from a single person employees value rewards more if they are linked to positive job performance employees react favorably to having an opportunity to express their views on an issue
employees react favorably to having an opportunity to express their views on an issue
Alexis works as a receptionist at a large dental practice. She schedules patient appointments, makes reminder calls, and sends out cards reminding patients to schedule checkups. Her job has been redesigned so that she also enters payments in the accounting system. This is an example of job ______. Multiple choice question. evaluation enlargement rotation specialization
enlargement
Jamal is a customer service representative at a local credit union. He has been handling customer deposits and disbursements. His job has changed so that he can now assist customers with completing loan applications, and he has the authority to approve small, short-term loans. This is an example of job ______. Multiple choice question. specialization evaluation rotation enrichment
enrichment
Job ______ is the practice of giving employees more responsibility for scheduling, coordinating, and planning their own work. Multiple choice question. rotation evaluation enrichment enlargement
enrichment
The motivation theory that explains how people develop perceptions of fairness in the distribution and exchange of resources is known as ______ theory. Multiple choice question. expectancy equity learned needs goal setting
equity theory
To encourage Makayla to help around the house, her mother paid her $3 each time she vacuumed the carpet. However, after a few months, her mother stopped paying her, and Makayla stopped vacuuming. This is an example of ______. Multiple choice question. dismissal punishment positive reinforcement extinction
extinction
Employees who carry out a task because of a pay incentive provided by their company are demonstrating ＿＿＿＿＿＿ motivation.
extrinsic motivation.
True or false: Feedback should occur more frequently in jobs with a long cycle time than jobs with a short cycle time. True false question.TrueFalse
false
The process of motivating employees and clarifying their role perceptions by establishing performance objectives is referred to as ______. Multiple choice question. behavior modification goal setting behavior modeling self-reinforcement
goal setting
Michael received an anonymous online feedback form that asked him to rate a coworker's workplace competencies on a scale of 1 to 5 and then asked for written comments. It would appear that Michael's employer is using ______. Multiple choice question. appreciative coaching positive reinforcement multisource (360-degree) feedback self-reinforcement
multisource (360-degree) feedback
The theory of motivation that explains employee behavior in terms of antecedent conditions and consequences of behavior is known as ______. Multiple choice question. organizational behavior modification social cognitive theory the balanced scorecard approach four-drive theory
organizational behavior modification
According to expectancy theory, an individual's effort level depends on three factors: effort-to-performance expectancy, performance-to-outcome expectancy, and ______. Multiple choice question. positive reinforcement self-actualization outcome valences extinction
outcome valences
Our perception of the fairness of the processes used to allocate resources or resolve disputes is referred to as ＿＿＿＿ justice.
procedural justice
Alyssa works in the accounting department for a large automotive parts supplier. During the first week of each month, she works in Accounts Payable. During the second week, she works in Accounts Receivable, and during the third week, she works in Payroll. This enables her to have skills in multiple areas and gives her employer more staffing flexibility. This practice is referred to as job ______. Multiple choice question. evaluation enrichment enlargement rotation
rotation
The concept that people are naturally motivated to reach their potential is referred to as ______. Multiple choice question. self-actualization instrumentality expectancy instinct
self-actualization.
Three important components of social cognitive theory include: learning behavioral consequences, behavior modeling, and ______. Multiple choice question. goal setting outcome valences self-regulation positive reinforcement
self-regulation
What Johanna loves best about her job is that every day brings new challenges and that she can use different skills and talents to complete her tasks. According to the job characteristics model, this is an example of ______. Multiple choice question. skill variety task significance task identity autonomy
skill variety.
According to the job characteristics model, the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole or identifiable piece of work is known as ______. Multiple choice question. autonomy task identity skill variety job feedback
task identity
According to the job characteristics model, what characteristic most directly contributes to the psychological state of responsibility? Multiple choice question. Job feedback Autonomy Task significance Skill variety
Autonomy
Which category of needs in Maslow's hierarchy would include the need for friendship, interaction with others, and affection? Multiple choice question. Safety Esteem Belongingness Physiological
Belongingness.
The outcome/input ratio is an element of which motivation theory? Multiple choice question. Four-Drive Theory Learned Needs Theory Expectancy Theory Equity Theory
Equity Theory
Which motivation theory proposes that work effort is directed toward behaviors that people believe will lead to desired outcomes? Multiple choice question. Learned needs theory Social cognitive theory Expectancy theory Four-drive theory
Expectancy theory
What is defined as the forces within a person that affect their effort for voluntary behavior? Multiple choice question. Valence Emotion Motivation Behavior
Motivation
Which strategies would be advisable if an organization wanted to increase an employee's belief that he or she is capable of performing the job successfully? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Giving the employee sufficient resources to do the job Measuring job performance accurately Providing training and clarifying job requirements Distributing rewards that the employee values
Giving the employee sufficient resources to do the job Providing training and clarifying job requirements
Which strategies would be advisable if an organization wanted to increase an employee's belief that he or she is capable of performing the job successfully? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Measuring job performance accurately Giving the employee sufficient resources to do the job Providing training and clarifying job requirements Distributing rewards that the employee values
Giving the employee sufficient resources to do the job Providing training and clarifying job requirements
Which of the following is the best example of an effective goal? Multiple choice question. Improve customer satisfaction ratings Reduce employee turnover Cut inventory costs by the end of the year Increase sales by 5% during the next quarter
Increase sales by 5% during the next quarter
Which of the following outcomes would be expected if an organization implemented an ongoing skills-based training program for assembly line workers in which the workers' learning efforts resulted in recognition of increased abilities? Multiple choice question. Decreased effort-to-outcome expectancies Improved expected satisfaction Increased performance-to-outcome expectancies Increased effort-to-performance expectancies
Increased effort-to-performance expectancies
Which of the following outcomes would be expected if an organization implemented an ongoing skills-based training program for assembly line workers in which the workers' learning efforts resulted in recognition of increased abilities? Multiple choice question. Decreased effort-to-outcome expectancies Increased effort-to-performance expectancies Improved expected satisfaction Increased performance-to-outcome expectancies
Increased performance-to-outcome expectancies
Which of the following statements regarding effective feedback is true? Multiple choice question. Feedback is more effective when it is generic and applicable to all employees. The timing of feedback is irrelevant as long as the feedback is positive. Providing frequent feedback reduces its overall value and impact on performance. It should refer to specific metrics that are under an individual's control.
It should refer to specific metrics that are under an individual's control.
Which model identifies core job dimensions that produce psychological states that then affect employees' motivation, satisfaction, and effectiveness? Multiple choice question. Four-D model Outcome-based model Job characteristics model EVLN model
Job characteristics model
A coworker had a heart attack, and Alex has become more serious about keeping up with his exercise regimen. This is an example of which component of social cognitive theory? Multiple choice question. Learning behavioral outcomes Life expectancy Negative reinforcement Self-regulation
Learning behavioral outcomes
A coworker had a heart attack, and Alex has become more serious about keeping up with his exercise regimen. This is an example of which component of social cognitive theory? Multiple choice question. Negative reinforcement Self-regulation Life expectancy Learning behavioral outcomes
Learning behavioral outcomes
When John learned that his cousin had been diagnosed with lung cancer, he decided to try to quit smoking. This is an example of which component of social cognitive theory? Multiple choice question. Self-expression Learning behavioral outcomes Self-regulation Self-reinforcement
Learning behavioral outcomes
When John learned that his cousin had been diagnosed with lung cancer, he decided to try to quit smoking. This is an example of which component of social cognitive theory? Multiple choice question. Self-expression Self-reinforcement Self-regulation Learning behavioral outcomes
Learning behavioral outcomes
Which theory of motivation asserts that the strongest source of motivation is the lowest unsatisfied need at the time? Multiple choice question. Maslow's needs hierarchy Learned needs theory Expectancy theory Four-drive theory
Maslow's needs hierarchy.
"Consequences influence behavior" best describes which theory of motivation? Multiple choice question. Maslow's needs hierarchy theory Expectancy theory Learned needs theory Organizational behavior modification
Organizational behavior modification
Hardwired characteristics of the brain that attempt to maintain internal equilibrium by correcting deficiencies are known as ______, or primary needs. Multiple choice question. drives attitudes needs values
drives
Asked to describe what was most meaningful about his job at the humane shelter, Owen answered, "I make a difference every day to the lives of animals in our community." This is an example of which element of the job characteristics model? Multiple choice question. Skill variety Task significance Task identity Job feedback
Task significance
The primary needs of human beings are also referred to as ______. Multiple choice question. values drives attitudes instincts
drives
Which of the following best describes the role of social norms, self-concept, and past experience on needs? Multiple choice question. They regulate a person's motivated decisions and behavior. Because needs are innate, they have no impact. They enable us to have a constant level of drive-based emotions. They have minimal influence on goal-directed behavior.
They regulate a person's motivated decisions and behavior
The process of assigning tasks to a job, including the interdependency of those tasks with other jobs, is referred to as job ＿＿＿.
design
When does procedural justice tend to be higher? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. When the decision maker reaches decisions unilaterally. When the decision maker listens to all parties in a dispute. When the decision maker is perceived as unbiased. When the decision maker applies existing policies consistently.
When the decision maker listens to all parties in a dispute. When the decision maker is perceived as unbiased. When the decision maker applies existing policies consistently.
The perceived fairness of our outcomes versus our contributions compared to the outcomes and contributions of others is known as justice.
distributive
According to McClelland's learned needs theory, people who set challenging goals for themselves and seek recognition for their efforts have a high need for ______. Multiple choice question. achievement altruism esteem affiliation
achievement
Eric is known in the workplace as a hard charger. He is the first one in the office every morning and the last one to go home every night and wants to be known as the "best" in everything he does. According to McClelland, Eric would have a strong need for ______. Multiple choice question. achievement affiliation power self-actualization
achievement
A few minutes before a scheduled conference call, Laura received a meeting reminder in her Microsoft Outlook account. This reminder is an example of a(n) ______.
antecedent
A few minutes before a scheduled conference call, Laura received a meeting reminder in her Microsoft Outlook account. This reminder is an example of a(n) ______. Multiple choice question. consequence outcome reinforcer antecedent
antecedent
According to the A-B-Cs of Organizational Behavior Modification, events preceding the behavior are known as ______. Multiple choice question. outcomes reinforcers inputs antecedents
antecedents
According to the job characteristics model, a college professor who is required to use a certain textbook, follow a prescribed syllabus, and must administer a mandatory number of tests would likely have low ______. Multiple choice question. autonomy task identity job feedback skill variety
autonomy
Our perception that appropriate rules in the way employees are treated have been applied throughout a decision process is called ______ justice. Multiple choice question. interactional procedural informative distributive
interactional
Employees who carry out a task for the satisfaction of completing it successfully are demonstrating ______. Multiple choice question. intrinsic motivation not having a need for motivation extrinsic motivation a lack of motivation
intrinsic motivation
The process of assigning tasks to a job, including the interdependency of those tasks with other jobs, is referred to as job ＿＿＿＿.
job design
Sofia works as a customer service representative for a financial services firm. She handles phone calls from clients regarding variable annuities. Her job has been changed so that she can also take calls from clients regarding fixed annuities. This is an example of job ______. Multiple choice question. enlargement evaluation enrichment rotation
job enlargement
The practice of moving employees from one job to another is referred to as job ______. Multiple choice question. evaluation enlargement rotation specialization
job rotation
In his learned needs theory, McClelland proposed that a person's needs can be strengthened through reinforcement, social conditions, and ______. Multiple choice question. independence self-actualization learning self-reinforcement
learning
As part of its performance review process, Altrera Corporation solicits confidential feedback from the employee's managers, peers, and direct reports. This process is known as ______. Multiple choice question. a balanced scorecard approach procedural justice multisource (360-degree) feedback strengths-based coaching
multisource (360-degree) feedback
The job design model stating that certain job factors lead to psychological states that affect work outcomes is known as ______. Multiple choice question. scientific management the job characteristics model critical psychological theory skill-and-will model
the job characteristics model
True or false: Although everyone has the same drives, people develop different intensities of needs in a particular situation. True false question.TrueFalse
true
