Nutrition- Exam 3 Review

REASONABLE weight loss is defined as losing about ________ pound(s) per week. A. 1 to 2 B. 2.5 to 3 C. 3-5 D. 5-10

A. 1 to 2

In photosynthesis, the plant uses energy from the sun, plus water and carbon dioxide, to synthesize A. Carbohydrates only. B. Fats and Carbohydrates only. C. Protein and Carbohydrates only. D. Fats, Proteins, and Carbohydrates.

A. Carbohydrates only.

Which of the following outlines the overall sequence of events in the complete oxidation of glucose? A. Cori cycle, TCA cycle, Glycolysis. B. Glycolysis, TCA cycle, Electron Transport Chain. C. Electron Transport Chain, TCA Cycle, Cori Cycle. D. TCA cycle, Electron Transport Chain, Glycolysis.

B. Glycolysis, TCA cycle, Electron Transport Chain.

What is the classification of a person who is 6 feet 4 inches tall and 202 lbs? A. Underweight B. Healthy Weight C. Overweight D. Obese

B. Healthy Weight

Which of the following factors does not influence the number of kcalories burned in an activity? A. Intensity of activity B. Height C. Weight D. Duration of activity

B. Height

As a person eats and they feel full, the response of ________ occurs and the person stops eating. A. Appetite B. Satiation C. Sanitation D. Satiety

B. Satiation

When glycogen or protein is broken down ________ production increases. A. Stomach acid B. Urine C. Saliva D. Bile E. Ketone Body

B. Urine

Depending on initial body weight, a reasonable rate of weight loss for overweight people is ________ percent of body weight over six months. A. 15 B. 5 C. 10 D. 20

C. 10

As a general rule, what minimum number of kcalories per day is necessary to ensure nutritional adequacy in an eating plan for reducing body weight in men? A. 500 B. 800 C. 1200 D. 1600

C. 1200 (Incorrect Answer)

The body's adaptations to fasting are sufficient to maintain life for up to ________ . A. 6 months B. 3 days C. 2 months D. 30 days E. None of these choice

C. 2 months

Fit muscles use oxygen more efficiently and can burn ________ . A. Fewer Carbohydrates B. Protein More Efficiency C. Fat Longer D. Less Muscle Protein

C. Fat Longer

What is the approximate body mass index of a woman who is 5'5" and 125 lbs? A. 21 B. 26 C. 31 D. 36

A. 21

To prevent weight gain, the DRI suggests an accumulation of ________ minutes of moderately intense physical activities every day in addition to the less intense activities of daily living. A. 60 B. 120 C. 45 D. 30 E. 90

A. 60

What term is specific to reactions in which simple compounds are combined into more complex molecules? A. Anabolic B. Catabolic C. Ergogenic D. Gluconeogenic

A. Anabolic

At what point is oxygen used in the electron transport chain? A. At the end of electron transport chain B. At every step of electron transport chain C. At the beginning of electron transport chain D. When ATP is synthesized from ATP synthase

A. At the end of electron transport chain

Which of the following identifies a healthy body mass index (BMI) range? A. BMI 18.5-24.9 B. BMI > 40 C. BMI < 18.5 D. BMI 30-39.9 E. BMI 25-25.9

A. BMI 18.5-24.9

The cells' work that maintains all life processes without any conscious effort refers to the body's ________ . A. Basal Metabolism B. Fasting Metabolism C. Glycometabolism D. Thermic Effect of Food

A. Basal Metabolism (Incorrect Answer)

Which of the following compounds cannot be converted to glucose? A. Fatty acids B. Glycerol C. Amino Acids D. All of These Choices can be Converted to Glucose

A. Fatty acids

Foods high in ________ provide high levels of satiation. A. Fiber and Protein B. Fiber and Fat C. Carbohydrates and Fat D. Fat and Protein

A. Fiber and Protein

Which part of the brain triggers the nerve signals and chemical messengers responsible for the hunger response? A. Hypothalamus B. Hippocampus C. Cerebral cortex D. Cerebellum E. Cerebrum

A. Hypothalamus

Which of the following is a feature of the electron transport chain? A. It captures energy in the high-energy bonds of ATP. B. It pumps carbon dioxide across the mitochondrial membrane. C. It is composed of a series of coenzymes that transfer electrons up a concentration gradient. D. It combines oxygen from carbon dioxide with hydrogen generated from the splitting of water.

A. It captures energy in the high-energy bonds of ATP.

________ are compounds produced during the incomplete breakdown of fat when glucose is not available. These compounds can be used to provide fuel for brain cells during a fast. A. Ketone bodies B. Fatty acids C. Amino Acids D. Acetyl CoA fragments E. Keto acids

A. Ketone bodies

The TCA cycle takes place within which cell organelle? A. Mitochondria B. Ribosome C. Nucleus D. Rough endoplasmic reticulum E. Cell membrane

A. Mitochondria

Which cell structure is known as the "powerhouse" of cells and is where fatty acid oxidation and the TCA cycle occur? A. Mitochondria B. Cytoplasm C. Ribosome D. Membrane E. Endoplasmic reticulum

A. Mitochondria

Clinically severe obesity is also known as A. Morbid Obesity B. Metabolic Syndrome C. Leptin-Resistant Obesity D. Psychological-Resistant Syndrome

A. Morbid Obesity

Which of the following statements regarding activity is false? A. Most people feel immediately hungry after a workout. B. Physical activity improves self esteem. C. Activity speeds up a person's metabolic rate. D. Physical activity increases the discretionary kcalorie allowance for a person. E. Exercise may curb the inappropriate appetite that accompanies boredom, anxiety, or depression.

A. Most people feel immediately hungry after a workout.

What is the approximate daily basal metabolism of a 110-pound woman? A. 500 kcal B. 1000 kcal C. 1500 kcal D. 2000 kcal

B. 1000 kcal

The classification of underweight is achieved when the BMI first drops below A. 14 B. 18.5 C. 20 D. 22.5

B. 18.5

A student is 33 years old. What is his maximum heart rate? A. 180 bpm B. 187 bpm C. 207 bpm D. 220 bpm

B. 187 bpm

Restaurant serving sizes are now ________ times larger than standard serving sizes. A. 3-5 B. 2-8 C. 4-8 D. 5-7

B. 2-8

A male student weighs 220 pounds. What is his approximate BMR? A. 1500 Calories/day B. 2000 Calories/day C. 2500 Calories/day D. 3000 Calories/day

B. 2000 Calories/day

For every decade beyond the age of 30, what is the percentage decrease in the need for total kcalories? A. 2 B. 5 C. 15 D. 20

B. 5

What is the approximate percent efficiency of conversion of food energy to ATP energy in the body? A. 20 B. 50 C. 80 D. 99

B. 50

The progressive overload principle involves all of the following components except: A. Frequency B. Age C. Intensity D. Time (Duration)

B. Age

Which of the following is not a component of fitness? A. Flexibility B. Conditioning C. Endurance D. Strength

B. Conditioning

Which of the following describes the sum of all chemical reactions that go on in living cells? A. Digestion B. Metabolism C. Absorption D. Catabolism

B. Metabolism

Visceral fat is associated with an increased risk in all of the following conditions except: A. Gallbladder Disease and Kidney Stones B. Osteoporosis C. Heart disease D. Hypertension E. Diabetes

B. Osteoporosis

Which of the following entities of the body is completely dependent on glucose? A. Muscle Tissue B. Red Blood Cells C. Brain D. Nerve Cells E. None of These Choices

B. Red Blood Cells

Which of the following is not lost when weight gains or losses are rapid? A. Body Fluid B. Glycogen Stores C. Fat D. Bone minerals E. Muscle proteins

B.Glycogen Stores

A physically active person, age 43, works out 5 days a week by speed walking. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends a target heart rate of 50-70% of your maximum heart rate to achieve moderate-intensity physical. To complete a vigourous workout, the CDC recommends a target heart rate of 70-85% of your maximum heart rate. Athletes should work out around 80-95% of their maximum heart rate. Which pulse reading represents a vigorous workout for the 43-year old person? A. 106 bpm B. 138 bpm C. 160 bpm D. 177 bpm

C. 160 bpm (Unsure of Answer)

To improve your cardiorespiratory endurance, the activity you choose must be sustained for ________ minutes or longer, use most of the large muscle groups, and elevate your heart rate. A. 25 B. 10 C. 20 D. 30 E. 15

C. 20

Approximately how many molecules of ATP are generated from the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose? A. 4 B. 9 C. 32-36 D. 130

C. 32-36

Some of the energy released during the breakdown of glucose, glycerol, fatty acids, and amino acids from foods is captured in the high-energy storage compound ________ . A. TAP B. ADP C. ATP D. DAP E. DPA

C. ATP

During which stage in life is the prevention of obesity most critical? A. Early Adulthood B. Older Adulthood C. Adolescence D. Infancy E. Middle Adulthood

C. Adolescence

The desire to eat a slice of chocolate cake after consuming a very large meal is an example of behavior known as A. Satiety B. Hunger C. Appetite D. Pigging Out

C. Appetite

What instrument is used to measure the energy content of foods? A. Energy Chamber B. Exothermic Meter C. Bomb Calorimeter D. Combustion Chamber

C. Bomb Calorimeter

All of the following statements regarding weight maintenance are true, EXCEPT: A. With weight loss, metabolism shifts downward in a formerly overweight person. B. Many people who have lost weight in their lifetime did so on their own, not in a formal program. C. Successful weight loss is done by restricting Calories from carbohydrates. D. Physical activity plays a key role in maintaining weight once it is lost.

C. Successful weight loss is done by restricting Calories from carbohydrates.

Which of the following statements regarding breakfast consumption is incorrect? A. Diet quality is better among those who eat breakfast. B. Breakfast frequency is inversely associated with obesity. C. Those that frequently eat breakfast have a higher BMI than those who skip breakfast. D. Daily energy density is lower among those who eat breakfast.

C. Those that frequently eat breakfast have a higher BMI than those who skip breakfast.

A pound of body fat equals ________ kcalories. A. 2500 B. 4000 C. 2000 D. 3500

D. 3500

What would be the approximate weight gain of a person who consumes an excess of 500 kcalories daily for one month? A. 0.5 lb B. 2 lbs C. 3 lbs D. 4 lbs

D. 4 lbs

In which of the following ways does water help with weight management? A. Water helps the GI tract adapt to a high-fiber diet B. Consuming water reduces energy intake C. Foods high in water content reduce hunger D. All of these choices

D. All of these choices

Which of the following is not an indicator used by health-care professionals in evaluating the risks to health from obesity? A. Waist Circumference B. Body Mass Index (BMI) C. Disease Risk Profile D. Body Weight

D. Body Weight

When energy-yielding nutrients are consumed in excess, which one(s) can lead to storage of fat? A. Fat only B. Carbohydrate only C. Fat and Carbohydrate only D. Fat, Carbohydrate, and Protein

D. Fat, Carbohydrate, and Protein

The first pathway glucose takes on its way to yield energy is called ________ . A. Electron Transport Chain B. Citric Acid Cycle C. Kreb's Cycle D. Glycolysis E. Gluconeogenesis

D. Glycolysis

Jim is a 45 year old who eats fast food at least 3 times a week and smokes a pack of cigarettes each day. He just had a physical examination and was told that his body mass index is 24. In what category would Jim's BMI be classified? A. Obesity B. Overweight C. Underweight D. Healthy Weight

D. Healthy Weight

Which of the following statements regarding factors affecting basal metabolic rate (BMR) is false? A. Stresses raise the BMR. B. BMR is lowest when sleeping. C. In tall, thin people, the BMR is higher. D. Lean body mass decreases with age, increasing the BMR. E. Both heat and cold raise the BMR.

D. Lean body mass decreases with age, increasing the BMR.

In general, physically fit people enjoy all of the following, except: A. Restful Sleep B. Nutritional Health C. Strong Lung Function D. Low Risk of Type 1 Diabetes E. Strong Self-Image

D. Low Risk of Type 1 Diabetes

Which of the following defines the body's set point? A. Minimum weight of a person. B. Maximum weight of a person. C. Point at which a person's weight plateaus before dropping again quickly. D. Point above which the body tends to lose weight and below which it tends to gain weight.

D. Point above which the body tends to lose weight and below which it tends to gain weight.

Body mass index (BMI) values are a representation of a person's ________ and ________ . A. Weight; body composition B. Height; percent fat tissue C. Height; body composition D. Percent lean tissue; percent fat tissue E. Height; weight

E. Height; weight

In addition to energy, what are the principal end products of cellular oxidation of carbohydrates? A. Water and Carbon Dioxide B. Carbon, Hydrogen, and Urea C. Indigestible fiber and nitrogen D. Monosaccharides and amino acids

A. Water and Carbon Dioxide

Which of the following is a feature of aerobic metabolism? A. Little or no oxygen is consumed B. Lactic acid is a major byproduct C. Energy is produced more slowly than in anaerobic metabolism D. Pyruvate is converted to glucose by reverse glycolysis to yield a net of 2 ATPs.

C. Energy is produced more slowly than in anaerobic metabolism

A person's cardiorespiratory endurance is defined by the length of time that person can remain active with an elevated ________ . A .Body Temperature B. Breathing Rate C. Heart Rate (Pulse) D. Blood Pressure

C. Heart Rate (Pulse)

Which of the following statement regarding obesity in the United States is false? A. An estimated two-thirds of the adults in the U.S. are considered overweight or obese B. The prevalence of overweight is especially high among women, the poor, blacks, and Mexican Americans C. Obesity tends to be limited to industrialized nations. D. Obesity in the U.S. is widespread and is considered an epidemic.

C. Obesity tends to be limited to industrialized nations.

________ is the first 4-carbon compound to enter the TCA cycle (also called Krebs cycle). A. Pyruvate B. Acetyl CoA C. Oxaloacetate D. Glycerol E. Glucose

C. Oxaloacetate

Heat released when the body breaks down carbohydrate, fat, or protein for energy is called ________ . A. Direct Calorimetry B. Indirect Calorimetry C. Metabolism D. Thermogenesis (or TEF) E. None of these choices

D. Thermogenesis (or TEF)

In general, weight-loss diets need to provide about ________ kcalories per day for women. A. 1850 B. 1400 C. 1600 D. 2000 E. 1200

E. 1200

According to the A waist circumference of greater than ________ inches in men and ________ inches in women is an indicator of obesity. A. 40; 30 B. 37; 28 C. 36; 28 D. 37; 32 E. 40; 35

E. 40; 35

Which of the following is a risk factor associated with metabolic syndrome? A. High blood glucose B. High blood triglycerides C. High blood pressure D. Low HDL cholesterol E. All of these Choices

E. All of these Choices

Which of the following is a tip for building fitness and minimizing the risk of overuse injuries? A. Include warm-up and cool-down activities in each session. B. Train hard enough to challenge your strength or endurance only a few times each week. C. Use proper equipment and attire. D. Be active all week E. All of these choices

E. All of these choices