Nutrition exam 3 review

What functions of the body are most obviously affected by alcohol?

Functions controlled by the brain

Although the Body Mass Index (BMI) is used when determining appropriateness of a person's weight, it's not perfect. Which of the following personal characteristics does the BMI formula include?

Height

Laura is concerned about her young children's dental health because they live in a community that doesn't have fluoridated water. Fluoride helps protect against tooth decay. Where else can her children obtain fluoride?

Some brands of toothpaste

To reduce the risk of delivering infants with spina bifida, women of childbearing age should focus on obtaining adequate amounts of ______.

folate

Sam is an endurance athlete. A few days before he participates in a marathon race, he undergoes _______ to delay the onset of muscle fatigue during the event.

glycogen loading

If their age, weight, and sex are the same, a sporadic drinker and a chronic drinker with blood alcohol concentration of 0.10 will ______.

have different physical effects

chemically unstable substance that can remove electrons from more stable compounds

include a variety of fruits, vegetables, and whole-grain foods in your diet

Despite the claims made in advertisements or by fad diet promoters, there's no simple solution for treating obesity. The most reliable approaches to weight loss include all of the following, except ______.

increased dietary supplement use

In most instances, consuming more B vitamins than your body needs _______.

increases your body's elimination of the unneeded B vitamins in urine

Alcohol will go any place in the body that ______ goes.

water

What blood alcohol concentration (percentage) is the legal limit for intoxication in Canada and the United States?

0.08

According to experts with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, healthy adults should perform at least ______ minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week.

150 to 300

Anthony is training for a half-marathon. He works out for more than 90 minutes a day, on most days of the week. If Anthony weighs 160 pounds, approximately how many kilocalories per day does he need to support his energy needs and maintain his current weight?

3650

As he trains for a marathon, Anthony wants to increase the percentage of total kcal in his diet that is contributed by carbohydrates. On average, he consumes 2500 kcal per day during the training period. He wants 60% of his daily energy intake to be supplied by carbohydrates. Based on this information, he should consume _______ grams of carbohydrate daily.

375

As she trains for a marathon, Kim wants to increase the percentage of total kcal in her diet that is contributed by carbohydrates. On average, she consumes 3200 kcal per day during the training period. She wants 60% of her daily calories to be supplied by carbohydrates. Based on this information, she should consume _______ grams of carbohydrate daily.

480

Anthony is training for a half-marathon. On days when he runs for more than an hour, what should he consume during his run and why?

A sports drink because it provides carbohydrate, electrolytes, and water, which help prevent dehydration and improve performance.

Which of the following substances is classified as a vitamin-like substance?

Choline

Beta-carotene is a fat-soluble provitamin found primarily in orange, red, and yellow fruits and vegetables. How can you enhance your body's absorption of beta-carotene when preparing low-fat foods that are rich sources of the provitamin?

Combine raw greens with salad dressing that contains vegetable oil.

How does a major mineral differ from a trace mineral?

Major minerals are required in amounts of 100 mg or more per day, while trace minerals are required in amounts of 100 mg or less per day.

Which of the following statements about eating disorders is true?

Media, especially movies and TV, often portray thin females as happy, successful, and confident.

Consuming alcohol during pregnancy can cause a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, resulting in impaired physical and intellectual development. What's the current recommendation regarding alcohol consumption during pregnancy?

Pregnant women should avoid alcoholic beverages at all stages of pregnancy.

Where do you have visceral fat?

Under your abdominal muscles and over your intestines

Wilson wants to reduce his risk of cancer. He doesn't smoke; his weight is healthy for his height; and he eats a wide variety of fruits and vegetables. Which of the following dietary changes should he make to reduce his risk of cancer?

When taken in the form of dietary supplements, vitamins may be less effective at reducing cancer risk than when the vitamins are consumed as they naturally occur in foods.

How does one's biological sex affect his or her tolerance to alcohol?

Women generally have a lower tolerance for alcohol.

Which of the following substances is a medication that hasn't been approved by the FDA for weight loss?

Yohimbe

Molly doesn't like dairy products. Over the past few months, she's had a sore mouth and tongue as well as weak muscles. Based on this information, Molly probably has ______.

ariboflavinosis

The most plentiful mineral in the human body is ______.

calcium

Lawrence doesn't know that long-term energy imbalance will lead to a change in his body weight. He can expect to gain weight when his ________.

caloric intake exceeds his energy expenditure

A free radical is a _______.

chemically unstable substance that can remove electrons from more stable compounds

An effective way to maximize the mineral content of your meals is to ______.

cook vegetables in water and reuse the water in sauces and soups

A 6-year-old child lacks energy, has pale skin, and often complains that his "head hurts." He's also having difficulty understanding his teacher. Based on this information, the child probably has _____ deficiency.

iron

A person who _______ has a higher risk of developing an eating disorder than a person who does not have this characteristic.

is overly concerned about his or her body shape

Drew has developed tolerance to alcohol. This means his _______.

liver has adjusted to the usual amount of alcohol that he drinks and can metabolize it more quickly

To effectively increase iron levels in the body, a person should focus on eating more ________.

meat

Last week, Leon started taking megadoses of a dietary supplement to reduce his blood lipid levels. Within a few days after he began taking the supplement, he noticed his face felt uncomfortably warm and his cheeks were red. Based on this information, Leon is taking _______.

niacin

Gabe's 85-year-old neighbor told him that when he was growing up, the milkman would deliver clear glass bottles of milk to his family's doorstep. He wonders why milk isn't available in clear glass bottles anymore. Gabe explains to him that light destroys _______ in milk, so milk is usually stored in opaque containers to help preserve the nutrient.

riboflavin

Jacob doesn't like fruits, vegetables, or ready-to-eat cereals. He eats a lot of meat, chicken, ham, cheese, and enriched white breads and rolls. He also drinks milk. Recently, he reported feeling like the "energy had drained" from his body. He also noticed that he bruised more easily than in the past. When he had minor surgery to remove a benign tumor from his arm, the wound took longer than expected to heal. After he brushed his teeth today, he noticed his gums were swollen and bloody. Based on this information, Jacob probably has ______.

scurvy

Gabe is interested in ways to maximize the vitamin content of his fresh fruits and vegetables. All of the following are good practices to preserve such foods' vitamin contents, except ______.

storing fresh produce in a warm place or dark cupboard

Most B vitamins are similar in that ______.

they function as part of coenzymes

Desi had a history of chronic heartburn. To control the disorder, he now takes two medications that reduce his stomach's ability to form acid. As a result of taking these medicines, he doesn't have heartburn, but he has a high risk of developing a deficiency of ______.

vitamin B-12

Clarisa has been a vegan for 10 years. Therefore, she avoids eating any foods that are from animal sources, including milk and eggs. She also doesn't take any vitamin supplements. Lately, she hasn't been feeling well. The muscles of her legs ache; she's having trouble walking and keeping her balance; and the top of her tongue is smooth and shiny. Today, her fingers began to feel numb, so she's made an appointment to see a physician. Based on this information, Clarisa probably has ______.

vitamin B-12 deficiency

According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, ______ is a nutrient of public health concern

vitamin D