nutrition exam 4
what is an antioxidant?
gives up its electrons to free radicals to use to become more stable-liike
factors affecting bioavailability ?
-changes in GI transit time -health condition affecting fat absorption -food procession and prep -sources of vitamins
fat soluble vitamins vs. the water soluble
-fat-solubles absorb into the lymph first, stored in fat, may need protein carrier, not excreted very well,likely to reach toxic levels,needed periodically (weeks to months) -travels right into the bloodstream, travels freely, needed frequently (1-3 days)
name the water-soluble vitamins:
-thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, B-6, Panthothenic acid, folate, biotin, B-12, C
RDA of vitamin C just to prevent scurvy?
10 mg
what's the adult female water intake #? Males?
2.7 L/day for ladies (10.8 cups) and 3.7 L /day for men (14.2)
how many cups in a qt.?
4
_______% of our body is water
60%
many Americans consume less than the recommended amt of which 4 vitamins?
A,D,E,K
Which of the fat soluble vitamins are found in protein rich foods?
A,E,D
megaloblastic anemia can result to deficiency in which 2 vitamins?
B-12, Folate
which are the B vitamins able to become toxic?
B6, C, Niacin
how do the kidneys respond to decreased blood flow?
By releasing the enzyme renin 1. Anglotensinogen converts to anglotensin 2. anglotensin signals the adrenal glands to secrete aldosterone which signals the kidneys to retain water and salt leading to an increased BV 3. the blood vessels also constrict increasing the BP
these 3 vitamins are easily destroyed/loss by poor food storage/ cooking methods.-
C, Thiamin, and folate
Name the 7 major minerals:
Ca+, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chloride, iron
the 4 vitamins that can be made in the body.
K, D, A, biotin.
vitamin needed for bones to grow lengthwise?
Vitamin A
substance which increases urine production is termed
a diuretic
supplementation of ________ may cause cancer.
antioxidant
The 3 nutrients working together may help lower risk of stroke, depression, and dementia: a)niacin b) thiamin C) b-6 d) b-12 e)riboflavin f)folate
c,d,f
the pigments in fruits and veggies=
carotenoids
what is xerophthslmia?
cond. effecting the eyes due to vit. A deficiency
fluoride is considered nonessential because...
doesn't sustain life and not required for growth
over exposure can also lead to Vit. D toxicity?
no, body blocks this from occurring.
prepped solution of water and electrolytes to treat dehydration
oral rehydration therapy
For the brain, , the hypothalamus responds to high salt concentrations by stimulating the...
pituitary gland which releases ADH. ADH signals the kidneys to retain Na+ and water which also increase the blood volume
most cases of B-12 deficiency results from...
problems with intestinal absorption.
this vitamin is susceptible to UV light
riboflavin
anacephaly and ________ ______ may occur is woman is low in folate.
spina bifida
major minerals are called major minerals because
they are stored in the body in larger quantities and are needed in greater dietary amounts
prolonged cooking destroys this vitamin as the nutrients leech into water
thiamin
Vitamins can not be used for energy. True or false?
true!
functions of water
- carries nutrients - keeps the structure up for large molecules - acts as a lube - temp. regulation
To be a vitamin:
must be naturally occurring and found in common foods and the body can't make enough or any of it.
what type of tissue contains the most water?
lean muscle
food sources for B-6
meat, liver, fish
poor source of iron?
milk
carotenemia
yellowing of skin from too many carotenoids
is selenium an antioxidant?
yes
