nutrition exam 4

what is an antioxidant?

gives up its electrons to free radicals to use to become more stable-liike

factors affecting bioavailability ?

-changes in GI transit time -health condition affecting fat absorption -food procession and prep -sources of vitamins

fat soluble vitamins vs. the water soluble

-fat-solubles absorb into the lymph first, stored in fat, may need protein carrier, not excreted very well,likely to reach toxic levels,needed periodically (weeks to months) -travels right into the bloodstream, travels freely, needed frequently (1-3 days)

name the water-soluble vitamins:

-thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, B-6, Panthothenic acid, folate, biotin, B-12, C

RDA of vitamin C just to prevent scurvy?

10 mg

what's the adult female water intake #? Males?

2.7 L/day for ladies (10.8 cups) and 3.7 L /day for men (14.2)

how many cups in a qt.?

4

_______% of our body is water

60%

many Americans consume less than the recommended amt of which 4 vitamins?

A,D,E,K

Which of the fat soluble vitamins are found in protein rich foods?

A,E,D

megaloblastic anemia can result to deficiency in which 2 vitamins?

B-12, Folate

which are the B vitamins able to become toxic?

B6, C, Niacin

how do the kidneys respond to decreased blood flow?

By releasing the enzyme renin 1. Anglotensinogen converts to anglotensin 2. anglotensin signals the adrenal glands to secrete aldosterone which signals the kidneys to retain water and salt leading to an increased BV 3. the blood vessels also constrict increasing the BP

these 3 vitamins are easily destroyed/loss by poor food storage/ cooking methods.-

C, Thiamin, and folate

Name the 7 major minerals:

Ca+, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chloride, iron

the 4 vitamins that can be made in the body.

K, D, A, biotin.

vitamin needed for bones to grow lengthwise?

Vitamin A

substance which increases urine production is termed

a diuretic

supplementation of ________ may cause cancer.

antioxidant

The 3 nutrients working together may help lower risk of stroke, depression, and dementia: a)niacin b) thiamin C) b-6 d) b-12 e)riboflavin f)folate

c,d,f

the pigments in fruits and veggies=

carotenoids

what is xerophthslmia?

cond. effecting the eyes due to vit. A deficiency

fluoride is considered nonessential because...

doesn't sustain life and not required for growth

over exposure can also lead to Vit. D toxicity?

no, body blocks this from occurring.

prepped solution of water and electrolytes to treat dehydration

oral rehydration therapy

For the brain, , the hypothalamus responds to high salt concentrations by stimulating the...

pituitary gland which releases ADH. ADH signals the kidneys to retain Na+ and water which also increase the blood volume

most cases of B-12 deficiency results from...

problems with intestinal absorption.

this vitamin is susceptible to UV light

riboflavin

anacephaly and ________ ______ may occur is woman is low in folate.

spina bifida

major minerals are called major minerals because

they are stored in the body in larger quantities and are needed in greater dietary amounts

prolonged cooking destroys this vitamin as the nutrients leech into water

thiamin

Vitamins can not be used for energy. True or false?

true!

functions of water

- carries nutrients - keeps the structure up for large molecules - acts as a lube - temp. regulation

To be a vitamin:

must be naturally occurring and found in common foods and the body can't make enough or any of it.

what type of tissue contains the most water?

lean muscle

food sources for B-6

meat, liver, fish

poor source of iron?

milk

carotenemia

yellowing of skin from too many carotenoids

is selenium an antioxidant?

yes