Nutrition Final
It is estimated that ____ percent of adults over 50 have atrophic gastritis
10-30
Which of the following blood pressure readings first signifies a diagnosis of hypertension?
140 over 90
Current guidelines recommend that older adults engage in aerobic activities at least 5 days per week of moderate activity for at least ____ minutes per day in bouts of at least _____ minutes each.
30/10
Approximately what percentage of U.S. children between 2 and 19 years of age are overweight?
32
At what age does the normal infant first develop the ability to swallow nonliquid food?
4 to 6 months
What percentage of people with diabetes have type 1?
5-10
What would be the physiological age of a 75-year-old woman whose physical health is equivalent to that of her 50-year-old daughter, whose physical health is average for her age?
50 years
What is the minimum number of glasses of water per day recommended for older adults?
6
How many meals per week are eaten outside the home by adolescents who regularly eat 3 meals/day?
7
Adults aged 71 and older who engage in minimal outdoor activity need _____ IU of vitamin D daily
800
Which of the following is a characteristic of obesity in childhood?
A nonobese child of nonobese parents has a less than 10% chance of becoming obese in adulthood
Which of the following is the coenzyme form of Niacin? A) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) B) Thiamin pyrophosphate (TTP) C) Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) D) Thiamin flavin mononucleotide (TFM)
A) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Which of the following is know to cause mottled, discolored enamel of the teeth? A) excessive fluoride in the diet B) insufficient fluoride in the diet C) excessive intake of simple sugars D) inability of the body to absorb fluoride
A) excessive fluoride in the diet
The Cori cycle involves the interconversion of... A) lactate and pyruvate B) glucose and amino acids C) pyruvate and acetyl CoA D) fatty acids and acetyl CoA
A) lactate and pyruvate
Which of the following vitamins is needed for the synthethis of Acetyl CoA? A) pantothenic acid B) vitamin K C) vitamin D D) vitamin A
A) pantothenic acid
The feeling of satisfaction resulting from consumption of a meal is termed... A) satiation B) appetite C) postabsorptive hunger D) resting postabsorptive increment
A) satiation
Upon beginning a meal, the satiety signal in the body is sent after a lag time of about... A) 10 minutes B) 20 minutes C) 40 minutes D) 60 minutes
B) 20 minutes
A person's highest bone density is achieved by around age (years)... A) 18 B) 30 C) 55 D) 70
B) 30
Calcium absorption in the intestine is increased by the presence of... A) fiber B) Vitamin D C) phytic acid
B) Vitamin D
What nutrient is needed to promote blood clotting? A) Sodium B) Vitamin K C) Vitamin D D) Chromium
B) Vitamin K
What is the acronym for the food assistance program designed to help nutritionally at risk children, infants, and pregnant women? A) FAP B) WIC C) EAT D) MOW
B) WIC
Which of the following was a finding of the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study?
About one-fourth of the infants and toddlers failed to consume even one serving of fruits or vegetables daily
What is gestational diabetes? A) a severe form of type 1 diabetes in newborns B) abnormal blood glucose levels during pregnancy C) reactive hypoglycemia expressed during the third trimester of pregnancy D) a temporary increase of insulin secretion during the first trimester of pregnancy
B) abnormal blood glucose levels during pregnancy
Which component of energy expenditure accounts for approximately 2/3 of energy expended? A) physical activity B) basal metabolic rate (BMR) C) adaptation D) thermic effect of food
B) basal metabolic rate (BMR)
Of the following foods, which food would be the only natural source of vitamin B12? A) walnuts B) beef C) broccoli D) oatmeal
B) beef
Which of the following minerals is a cofactor in the formation of hemoglobin? A) iodine B) copper C) sodium D) calcium
B) copper
The process of removing nitrogen from an amino acid is called: A) oxidation B) deamination C) glycolysis D) Cori Cycle
B) deamination
The prescription drug orlistat/ally acts by decreasing the absorption of... A) protein B) fats C) water D) carbohydrate
B) fats
Research has shown that a woman can lower her risk of having a child with neural tube defects by taking supplements of... A) niacin B) folate/folic acid C) vitamin B12
B) folate/folic acid
End products from the TCA cycle/electron transport chain pathway include all of the following except: A) CO2 B) glucose C) water D) energy (ATP)
B) glucose
Which of the following may result from iodine deficiency? A) gout B) goiter C) anemia D) hypertension
B) goiter
Chromium deficiency is characterized by... A) hypertension B) high blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance C) enlargement of the liver
B) high blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance
Obesity resulting from an increase in the size of fat cells is termed... A) hyperplastic obesity B) hypertrophic obesity C) idiopenthic leptinemia D) anaplastic hypometabolism
B) hypertrophic obesity
Which of the following describes the sum of all life-sustaining chemical reactions that go on in the cells of living organisms? A) digestion B) metabolism C) absorption D) catabolism
B) metabolism
Which of the following minerals works closely with Vitamin E as an antioxidant? A) iron B) selenium C) chromium D) molybdenum
B) selenium
Which of the following is not a function of water in the body? A) lubricant B) source of energy C) temperature regulation D) participant in chemical reactions
B) source of energy
What nutrient becomes depleted most rapidly during physical exercise? A) iron B) water C) glucose D) glycogen
B) water
What is the chief protein in human breast milk?
Alpha-lactalbumin
A life-threatening whole-body allergic reaction is known as...
Anaphylactic shock
Chronic inflammation of the stomach that is characterized by loss of hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor is called...
Atrophic gastritis
Infants fed honey or corn syrup are at increased risk for...
Botulism
Which of the following is a feature of infant development and nutrition?
Breast-fed infants obtain protective factors that inhibit bacterial infections
In a weight reduction regimen, the most realistic time for losing 2-4 pounds of body weight is... A) 4 weeks B) 1 week C) 2 weeks D) 3 weeks
C) 2 weeks
What is the recommended range of weight gain during pregnancy for a normal-weight woman? A) 10-18 lbs B) 19-24 lbs C) 25-35 lbs D) 38-44 lbs
C) 25-35 lbs
What population group has the highest risk for vitamin K deficiency? A) Adults B) Elderly C) Newborns D) Teenagers
C) Newborns
Which of the following vitamins is known to deactivate histamine, a substance that causes nasal congestion? A) niacin B) vitamin E C) vitamin C D) vitamin B12
C) Vitamin C
The four components of fitness include all of the following except... A) muscular strength B) flexibility C) bone fragility D) cardiovascular endurance
C) bone fragility
Which energy nutrient is most effective at raising muscle glycogen concentrations? A) fats B) proteins C) carbohydrates
C) carbohydrates
Which of the following factors that influence our BMI is under a person's control? A) gender B) age C) lean body mass D) height
C) lean body mass
A typical cell generates ATP in "powerhouses," which is another name for the... A) DNA B) ribosomes C) mitochondria D) nucleus
C) mitochondria
Which energy nutrient has the most positive effect on satiety? A) fat B) water C) protein D) carbohydrate
C) protein
Which of the following people are at known risk for potassium deficiency? A) athletes who are body-builders B) construction workers in cold climates C) those who ingest low amounts of fresh fruits/vegetables D) those who consume insufficient amounts of processed foods
C) those who inject low amounts of fresh fruits/vegetables
High levels of _____ have proved to more accurately predict future heart attacks than LDL cholesterol levels.
C-Reactive Protein
Which of the following is true of food assistance programs for older Americans?
Congregate meals are generally preferred to Meals on Wheels
Zinc plays an important role in: A) the making of sperm B) wound healing C) normal taste perception D) all of the above
D) all of the above
Which of the following substances can be converted to vitamin A in the body? A) tryptophan B) chlorophyll C) xanthophyll D) beta-carotene
D) beta-carotene
Which of these factors does not determine a person's susceptibility to obesity? A) heredity B) physical activity C) metabolic rate D) iron content of diet
D) iron content of diet
Which of the following nutrients enhances non-heme iron absorption? A) folate B) calcium C) vitamin D D) vitamin C
D) vitamin C
Which of the following is used to determine the amount of a person's adominal fat? A) BMI B) essential body fat C) hydrodensitometry D) waist circumference
D) waist circumference
Which of the following is a difference between DASH and USDA recommendations?
DASH has a separate recommendation for seeds, nuts and legumes
Which of the following is an effective strategy for dealing with obesity in a child?
Engage the individual in at least 1 hour per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity
AIDS develops from infection by
HIV
The primary cause of death in the US is...
Heart disease
Which of the following is a feature of energy intake and longevity?
Improvements in longevity with energy restriction depend on reducing energy intake but not on the amount of body fat
Which of the following is associated with bifidus factors?
Increased bacterial growth
Which of the following would not be a benefit to adolescents who eat meals with their family?
Increased intelligence
Which of the following terms describes an immune system that is inefficient and overactive in the aged?
Inflammaging
Which of the following describes the actions of a carcinogen?
Initiates cancer
Which of the following is not true of HIV/AIDS?
It can be transmitted through saliva
Which of the following is a feature of AIDS?
It has no cure
What blood cholesterol carrier is of greatest concern in atherosclerosis?
LDL
A condition that increases the likelihood of B12 deficiency in older people is...
Lack of intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid Inflamed stomach (both a & b)
Among the following lifestyle changes, which is least effective at reducing blood pressure?
Limiting daily alcohol intake to 2-4 drinks/day
Which of the following types of diets has been shown to prevent or reduce arthritis inflammation?
Low in saturated fat, high in omega-3 fatty acids
A substance that causes cancer is best termed a(n)...
carcinogen
The two factors that contribute to blood pressure are...
cardiac output and peripheral resistance
A person's age as estimated from his/her health and probably life expectancy is called...
Physiological age
The most common form of cardiovascular disease is...
coronary heart disease
What is the most important predictor of a person's mobility in the later years?
Regular physical activity
On average, adult energy needs:
decline 5% per decade
Loss of muscle mass that occurs as we age is called...
Sarcopenia
Which of the following formulas is available for infants with lactose intolerance?
Soy
Which of the following is not a sign of developmental readiness for introducing solid foods to infants?
Strong reflex to push food out
Which of the following feeding practices is recommended for preterm infants?
They should be fed preterm breast milk, occasionally fortified with specific nutrients
Which of the following describes the nutrient needs of older people?
They vary according to individual histories
Which of the following nutrients need to be supplied first by solid foods in a baby's diet?
Vitamin C and iron
The ballooning out of an artery wall at a point where it has been weakened by deterioration is called a(n)...
aneurysm
A person with dysphagia has...
difficulty swallowing
What organ is affected by macular degeneration?
eyes
Of the ten leading causes of illness and death, how many are associated directly with nutrition?
four
The name of white blood cells, including B-cells and T-cells, which participate in acquired immunity is...
lymphocytes
The process by which immune cells engulf and then destroy bacteria is known as...
phagocytosis
What is the term given to the accumulation of lipid material mixed with smooth muscle cells and calcium that develops in the artery walls?
plagues
If a child is reluctant to try a new food, it is best to...
present it again at another time
Which of the following is a feature of vitamin D nutrition in the elderly?
Aging reduces the kidneys' ability to convert vitamin D to its active form
Why should new foods be introduced to an infant one at a time?
Any allergic reactions can be detected
Which of the following would not be a reason to avoid giving infants sweets?
Provides extra calories
Which of the following is a program that provides low-income older adults with coupons that are exchangeable for fresh vegetables and fruits at community-supported farmers' markets and roadside stands?
Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program
Which of the following defines nursing bottle tooth decay?
Tooth decay of an infant from prolonged exposure to carbohydrate-rich fluids from a bottle
In which of the following conditions would the pancreas be unable to synthesize insulin?
Type 1 diabetes mellitus