Nutrition Final Exam

Which organism can cause food-borne intoxication and can be present in honey and home-canned foods?

Clostridium botulinum

Which organism in this diagram is most likely to contain the highest concentration of industrial contaminants?

D

Which of the following two chronic health problems are more common in obese individuals than in lean individuals?

Diabetes and breast cancer

Which of the following statements about population growth is illustrated in the graphs shown below?

Education decreases population growth.

Identify the energy equation which is most accurate for the individual who is weight stable.

Energy intake equals total calories expended from physical activity, the thermic effect of food and the basal metabolic rate

True or false: Everyone with a BMI in the overweight or obese range is at risk for weight-related health problems.

False

The method of determining body composition shown here relies on what principle to determine the amount of body fat?

Fat is less dense than water.

In addition to the wasting diseases such as marasmus and kwarshiorkor, identify other consequences of nutrient deficiencies that are correctly linked to the nutrient causing the problem.

Iodine deficiency --- goiter

Which of the following statements about breast-feeding is true?

It decreases risk of malnutrition in infants.

Which of the following statements is true of stunting?

It is an indicator of the health and well-being of populations of children.

Which of the following is not true of a HACCP system?

It relies on visual food inspections.

Which set of characteristics is common among those with eating disorders?

Low self-esteem, a perfectionist, unhealthy body image, and female

Which of the following has not contributed to the rising incidence of overweight and obesity in the United States?

Our genetics have changed.

Which statement about leptin is true?

Someone with a defective leptin gene will most likely be obese.

Irradiation of fresh strawberries increases shelf life and improves the optimal quality of the fruit for several months compared to non-irradiated strawberries.

True

True or false: It is possible for someone who is 50 lb overweight to be in energy balance.

True

Identify the federal program that is NOT described correctly.

WIC provides food and cash to low-income, elderly individuals

Excess body fat increases the risk of ________.

all of the above

The cycle of malnutrition can be broken by ________.

all of the above

Which factor affects the likelihood that a contaminant will cause food-borne illness in an individual?

all of the above

Which group in the U.S. population is at risk for under-nutrition?

all of the above

Which eating disorder is characteristic of people who are overweight?

binge-eating disorder.

Crops that are grown to be sold rather than consumed are ________.

cash crops

Fortifying ________ will be most likely to eliminate a nutrient deficiency in a country's population.

commonly eaten foods

Which of the following dietary changes is associated with nutrition transition?

consumption of a wider variety of foods

Long-term healthy weight loss is based on all of the following principles except ________.

eating specific combinations of foods that increase the number of calories burned

The foods that most frequently cause Salmonella infection are ________.

eggs and poultry

The insignia shown here means the food ________.

has been irradiated

Foods on the GRAS list ________.

have been used for years without ill effect

In order to calculate a person's BMI, you need to know the person's ________.

height and weight.

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) ________.

includes the energy needed for kidney function and heartbeat.

The potential benefits of biotechnology include all of the following except ________.

increased biodiversity

Which of the following scenarios is unlikely for an 18 year old single parent?

increased opportunity for education to improve skills, knowledge, and income

When you eat a salad contaminated with pathogenic Salmonella and you get sick because the microorganisms multiply in your body, then this is an example of a food-borne _________.

infection

Deficiencies of ________ are major world health problems.

iodine, vitamin A, and iron

EER ________.

is the amount of energy you expend daily

The yellow section of this graph of population growth most likely represents population growth in ________.

less-developed countries

The bacteria E. coli 0157:H7 has been responsible for illness and deaths in individuals eating organic fresh vegetables. This may be the result of:

manure from cows used to fertilize the vegetables

What is the major cause of food-borne illness in the United States today?

microbes

Which group is least likely to develop an eating disorder?

middle-aged men.

What proportion of the world's undernourished people live in the developing world?

more than nine-tenths

Glass that enters food from a broken jar is ________.

not regulated

Identify the main cause of food-borne illness.

pathogenic microbes that compete with humans for food

Which product is not made from a renewable resource?

plastic bags

Which of the following is most likely to be a concern in hamburger that is cooked to well done on a grill?

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

If a chef cuts raw chicken and washes his hands but then places the chicken in a pan and puts it into an oven at 350 degree is

responsible for contaminating the oven door handle with Salmonella

Pregnant woman need to eat high quality protein like fish; however, they:

should limit fish consumption of certain fish such as swordfish, shark, and tile fish due to the increased risk of mercury contamination

Which statement is most accurate?

underweight or overweight individuals are malnourished and can have a shortened life expectancy

Calculate the total calories needed to meet the energy needs of a 19 year old man, who weighs 72.7 kgs, is 1.75 m tall and very physically active.

2426 Calories X 1.48

At what step in the process shown here is recombinant DNA formed?

4

Which of the following best describes the binge/purge cycle?

After eating until her stomach hurt, Mary takes a laxative

Which of the following strategies can help to reduce population growth?

All of these choices

Which of the following statements about overweight and underweight is supported by the graph?

As a country develops economically, the incidence of overweight increases.

Below what temperature should food be refrigerated to reduce bacterial growth?

B

Based on the information in this diagram, which of the following describes factors that would suggest weight loss is recommended in a young adult woman?

BMI of 25, waist circumference of 36, high blood glucose, physical inactivity, and cigarette smoking

A 19 year old female restricts her food intake, is dissatisfied with her body, has a fear of being fat, and has a normal body weight; from which of the following is she likely suffering?

Bulimia nervosa

The difference between the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) approach to food safety and the traditional approach is that:

HACCP works to prevent contamination by monitoring the production, processing, and transport of food

Which of the following statements is supported by the information in the pie chart?

In 5.7% of households, food intake was reduced at times during the year.

What is the largest federal program designed to make sure that all Americans have access to an adequate diet?

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)

The calories used to maintain your body temperature, heart rate, respiration, kidney function, blood flow and transmitting nerve signals is included in:

The BMR only

Which of the following statement is true about third world nations that grow cash crops instead of maintaining several small, individual farms that grow food crops?

They are often not able to improve the nutritional status of the population since the cash profits are not equitably distributed across the country

Which statement about the type of body fat labeled by the letter A is false?

This type of fat storage can be reduced by eating grapefruit.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of anorexia nervosa?

a normal body weight

This chart most likely shows the distribution of energy expenditure in which of the following people?

a young adult who works out for 90 minutes a day

Pathogenic bacteria are killed by ________.

cooking

Risks associated with genetic engineering include all of the following EXCEPT:

crops with nutrient content so high they cause toxicity symptoms in people who consume them

Raw hamburger patties are taken to the grill on a platter. After being cooked, they are returned to the unwashed platter and served. This is an example of ________.

cross-contamination

An increase in income is associated with an increase in the variety of food choices in the diet. A possible consequence of this transition is that:

the health of the individual may decrease with the increase in the variety of foods in the diet because there is a greater opportunity to make poor choices

Moldy corn, peanuts, rice, and walnuts should be discarded because:

they could be contaminated by an microorganism that can produce a potent carcinogen