Nutrition Final

People who have bulimia nervosa typically avoid gaining weight after bingeing on food by ________.

purging, including self-induced vomiting

Hemoglobin is an example of a protein that exists in the ________ form.

quarternary

Salivary glands secrete amylase, an enzyme that enables a minor amount of ________ to be digested in the mouth.

starch

The host of a radio program makes a "red flag" claim about a nutrition-related product, because the claim is generally an indication that the information about the product is unreliable. The radio program host said,

"All ingredients in this product have been scientifically tested and clinically proven to cure cancer."

A serving of food contains 15 g carbohydrate, 3 g protein, 5 g fat, 5 mg vitamin C, and 100 mL water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies

117 kcals

What is the RDA for vitamin E?

15 mg/day

The lactic acid energy system provides ATP for up to _____.

180 seconds

Minimally, how many day(s) per week should muscle strengthening be done?

2

Vitamin B-12 RDA is?

2.4 micrograms/day

According to MyPlate, Erika should consume 3 cups of milk daily. She prefers eating plain yogurt to drinking milk. How much plain yogurt can she eat to meet her plan's recommendation for milk and milk products?

3 cups

Which of the following persons is in a state of negative energy balance?

A 22-year-old man who consumes 1900 kcal/day and is losing weight

Which of the following compounds enters the citric acid cycle?

Acetyl CoA

Vitamin E is a family of compounds comprised of two major forms

Alpha-tocopherols and gama-tocopherol.

________ is a hormone secreted by the pancreas. The hormone slows the digestive process by signaling the hypothalmus to reduce hunger and delaying gastric emptying.

Amylin

Which of the following cooking methods can result in major losses of water-soluble vitamins?

Boiling in a saucepan of water

Which of the following statements is true?

Cells produce water as a by-product of metabolism.

________ is a condition characterized by the accumulation of scar tissue in the liver leading to its irreversible damage.

Cirrhosis of the liver

________ is a major treatment approach for those with bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder. This type of treatment involves addressing unhealthy emotions and behaviors and involves goal-oriented therapy.

Cognitive behavioral therapy

Which of the following is not considered a risk factor for hypertension?

Consuming too little sodium

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestinal tract?

Crohn's Disease

Which of the following statements is true?

Dehydration can result in declines in an athlete's strength and endurance.

Which of the following statements is true?

Edema is a major sign of protein-energy malnutrition.

Which of the following statements is true?

Excessive thirst and frequent urination are signs of diabetes.

The coenzyme form of riboflavin is

FAD

The ________ is responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medications.

FDA

Which of the following are functions of cuproenzymes?

Formation of myelin Iron storage and transportation Antioxidant activity Collagen formation

Which of the following cells of the large intestine secrete mucus?

Goblet cells

Which of the following statements is false?

Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland and is a result of cancer.

Which of the following statements is true?

In the United States, poor eating habits contribute to some of the ten leading causes of death.

Which of the following is an example of a trace mineral?

Iron

Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol?

LDL

Liz is a triathlete competing in the Ironman Triathlon in Hawaii. The weather is hot and humid and Liz is beginning to exhibit signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion. Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of heat exhaustion?

Light-headedness or dizziness

The ________ is often used to predict basal calorie needs in persons who have excess body fat.

Mifflin-St.Jeor equation

Which of the following statements is true?

Most Americans do not consume enough dietary fiber.

Which of the following is NOT a common marketing tactic to encourage consumers to purchase manufactured foods?

Nutrition information posted next to fresh fruits and vegetables

________ is an extreme obsession with eating healthy foods.

Orthorexia

Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of iron deficiency anemia?

Pale skin Coldness in the hands and/or feet Dizziness Shortness of breath

Which factor(s) decrease(s) absorption of dietary calcium?

Phytic acid Chronic diarrhea Vitamin D deficiency High fiber intake

Which of the following is NOT a major nutrition-related objective of Healthy People 2020?

Provide fitness trails to increase physical activity of children and adults.

Bill has reactive hypoglycemia. What steps can he take to reduce the likelihood that he has bouts of the disorder?

Reduce his intake of refined sugars

What type of claim is "calcium builds strong bones and teeth"?

Structure/function claim

Which of the following statements is true?

The cholesterol carried by oxidized LDL is taken up by certain arterial cells and deposited in plaque.

A medical researcher reads an article in Today's Health-Conscious Woman magazine about the benefits of using the phytochemical capsaicin to treat knee pain. She asks 10 people with arthritic knees to rub a cream that contains the phytochemical on their knee joints for 2 weeks. At the end of the 2 weeks, the researcher asks the subjects whether their knee pain improved, stayed about the same, or worsened during the treatment period. After collecting responses from the people, the researcher reports the results of her study during a popular TV show that is hosted by a doctor. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true?

The researcher did not divide the subjects of her study into control and treatment groups.

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does NOT supply any energy for the human body?

Vitamin D

Which of the following methods is not useful for estimating total energy expenditure?

Waistline measurements

Which of the following statements about sphincters is false?

When a sphincter relaxes, the passageway closes to prevent movement of GI contents.

Which of the following statements about whey protein is false?

Whey protein is found in eggs.

To establish a nutrient's RDA, nutrition scientists add ________ of the nutrient to its EAR.

a "margin of safety" amount

Yolanda is eating a peanut butter and jelly sandwich for lunch. She has taken a bite of the sandwich and begun chewing the sticky sandwich. Once the bite of sandwich has been chewed, moistened, and mixed with saliva, it is called

a bolus

The condition in which a person cannot taste any food is called

ageusia

Matt is having his body fat assessed by ________, a technique that requires a large device called the BOD POD.

air displacement

Carmen is an active child who is allergic to peanuts. While attending a classroom party, Carmen accidentally was exposed to trail mix that contained peanuts, and she rapidly developed ________ as a result.

anaphylaxis

Derek takes protein supplements before and after his workouts. He told his workout partner that he became 200% stronger within a couple of months after he added the supplements to his diet. His report about the effects of the supplements is an example of a(n) ________.

anecdote

A researcher has isolated an organic, water-soluble chemical from roses. After performing in vivo tests, the scientist determines that the chemical supplies no energy for cells, but protects cell membranes from being damaged by certain environmental factors. Based on this information, the researcher may have discovered a(n) ________.

antioxidant

Most people who suffer from anorexia nervosa ________.

are females

The riboflavin deficiency disease is known as ________.

ariboflavinosis

Which of the following sources of oils would be recommended as part of a healthy diet?

avocado

Bill would like to follow recommendations that would reduce his risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Based on this information, Bill should ________.

become more physically active

________ alters the activity of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain, influencing satiety and reducing food intake as a result.

belviq

The liver recycles bile salts to make new ________.

bile

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals?

blueberries

Having excess body fat increases the risk of ________.

breast cancer

Various environmental factors contribute to whether or not an individual meets physical activity recommendations. The ________ refers to the buildings, roads, parks, supermarkets, and restaurants in a community that can impact the likelihood that those living in the community will walk, bike, and engage in physical activity.

built environment

By performing exercise regularly, people can reduce their risk of ________.

cardiovascular

________ is necessary to assist in the passing of fatty acids through the outer and inner mitochondrial membrane during the process of beta-oxidation.

carnitine

Which vegetable is a rich source of chloride?

celery

Thomas often describes his body shape as an "apple shape," also known as ________.

central-body obesity

Which of the following ways would be considered a way to measure your heart rate?

checking your radial pulse using your smart watch using your chest strap monitor

The organic cofactors that help enzymes catalyze reactions are called ________.

coenzymes

Choosing foods based on religious teachings is an example of ________ factors influencing eating habits.

cognitive

Which of the following kinds of studies would be the best to use when investigating whether cigarette smoking influences weight gain?

cohort

Having a control group enables researchers to

compare findings of the control group with those of the experimental group.

A dipeptide is formed when two amino acids bond through a ________ reaction.

condensation

If your diet supplies more sugar and starch than you need, the excess can be

converted into fat and stored.

Cuproenzymes are group of enzymes that contain ________.

copper

Which catabolic hormone is made in the adrenal glands and is often called the "stress hormone?"

cortisol

A weight loss of 2% or more of body weight by dehydration carries some risk of ________.

decreased performance increased body temperature reduced blood volume

Scientists conduct a study in which 100 adults with chronic diarrhea are divided into 2 groups with 50 people per group. One group is given a supply of yogurt that contains a certain kind of bacteria, and the other group is given yogurt that is bacteria-free. The study's participants and researchers do not know which group of subjects has the bacteria in the yogurt and which group does not. The scientists instruct the participants to eat the entire 8 ounces of yogurt once a day for a month and record their bowel habits. This is an example of a(n) ________ study.

double blind

Chyme moves from the stomach into the

duodenum

Variables that determine an athlete's energy needs include all of the following except ________.

ethnicity

Which of the following factors does not contribute to the dietary needs of an athlete?

ethnicity

An amino acid does not contain a(n) ________.

fatty acid group

Kristan uses %DVs to help plan nutritious menus with various packaged foods. She should try to obtain at least 100% of the Daily Value for which of the following nutrients?

fiber

Vitamin B-12 is supplied mostly in

food of animal origin

Folate in foods can be destroyed by

food processing and preparation. ultraviolet light. oxidation.

The most dependable and abundant source of iodide in the American diet is

fortified salt.

Which of the following foods is not a good source of calcium?

fried chicken

Strawberries are naturally a source of which monosaccharide?

fructose

The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are

galactose, glucose, and fructose.

Which of the following is not a health condition typcially associated with overweight and obesity?

glaucoma

When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy, they may store some of the excess as

glycogen

As a smoker, Chantalle's need for vitamin C is ________ that of a non-smoker.

greater than

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin K?

green leafy vegetables

Which of the following is the best source of beta-carotene?

grilled sweet potatoes

Compared to most unsaturated fatty acids, a trans fatty acid ________.

has at least one double bond with hydrogen atoms on opposite sides of the hydrocarbon chain at the position of the double bond

Amanda is a three-year old who has a condition that is characterized by the inability of her pancreas to produce cholecystokinin. Based on this information, she

has difficulty digesting food.

Albert is a healthy, 23-year-old college student. He would like to know more about his risk of cardiovascular disease, so he can take preventive measures, if they are necessary. Albert should ________.

have a lipoprotein profile performed on a sample of his blood

The leading cause of nutrition-related death in the United States is ________.

heart disease

Insulin

helps glucose enter the cells

Which form of iron is more readily absorbed in the human intestinal tract?

heme iron

The ________ is important for transporting absorbed nutrients from the GI tract to the liver.

hepatic portal vein

What hormone helps to get free fatty acids into the blood?

hormone-sensative lipase

Which of the following characteristics or conditions increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

hypertension

The ________ controls hunger and satiety.

hypothalamus

Monique is a 19-year-old college student who would like to follow a Mediterranean diet pattern instead of her typical "western" diet. Based on this information, Monique should

increase her intake of fruit.

To counteract the binge, the bulimic patient may ________.

induce vomiting take laxatives over-exercise

Leonard has a disease that causes his lacteals to become blocked. Based on this information, his

intestinal tract does not absorb much fat.

Emma consumes dairy products, but she does not eat meat, fish, eggs or poultry. She eats some vegetables and fruits, but she avoids beans, breads, and cereal products. Based on this information, her diet lacks adequate ________.

iron

Many athletes, particularly female and young athletes, may need to increase their intake of ________ to help increase red blood cell production.

iron

Darrell suffers from frequent diarrhea as a result of IBS. Because of the frequent diarrhea, the bioavailability of vitamins in his diet ________.

is reduced

Calcitonin ________.

is secreted when blood levels of calcium are too high

The ________ is the second segment of the small intestine.

jejunum

Which of the following activities is generally classified as aerobic?

jogging

Duncan's diet contains high amounts of protein and fat, but it is very low in carbohydrates. As a result of following this diet, Duncan's body forms more ________ than normal.

ketone bodies

The ________ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and some minerals from chyme.

large intestine

The ________ is an accessory organ of the digestive system.

liver

Fatty-acid molecules provide MOST of the energy for

long-term activity such as a long walk.

Renin is secreted from the kidneys in response to ________.

low blood volume and falling blood pressure

A group of registered dietitian nutritionists is planning to conduct a scientific study to investigate the effects of eating honey on behavior in school-aged children. To start, the researchers will

make observations

________ are considered cancerous tumors.

malignant tumors

Routine vitamin C supplementation ________.

may reduce the duration of cold symptoms by a day or so

Which of the following grains does NOT contain gluten?

millet

ATP synthesis occurs in which of the following organelles?

mitochondrion

The innermost layer of the wall of the GI tract is the

mucosa

An essential nutrient

must be supplied by the diet.

An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is ________.

night blindness

A diet that supplies adequate amounts of nutrients prevents

nutrient-deficiency disorders.

Raffinose is an example of a/an

oligosaccharide

Adding a small amount of ________ to cooked vegetables can enhance the intestinal tract's ability to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins they contain.

olive oil

Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion?

pancreas

The ________ cells of the gastric glands synthesize and release intrinsic factor, which is necessary for vitamin B12 absorption.

parietal

Phytochemicals are ________.

plant substances that provide health benefits

Jacob is a healthy, active 14-year-old boy. Recently, he began to experience a growth spurt. Based on this information, his body is in ________ nitrogen balance.

positive

Salt substitutes often contain

potassium chloride.

Typical treatment for eating disorders includes ________.

professional counseling

Over a 2-year period, a team of scientists records the eating behaviors and physical activity patterns of a group of healthy 8-year-old children to determine whether these factors are associated with weight gain. This study is an example of a(n) ________ study.

prospective

Food guides usually classify sunflower and other seeds in the ________ group.

protein

Which of the following supplies the least energy during physical activity?

protein

Which of the following is NOT associated with binge-eating disorder?

purging

All of the following are common physiological consequences of anorexia nervosa EXCEPT ________.

rapid heart rate

High-fiber diets are associated with all of the following EXCEPT

reduced absorption of some minerals.

In the human body, water is involved in ________.

regulating body temperature

________ is the most biologically active form of vitamin A in the body.

retinol

The mineral that partly "spares" the antioxidant vitamin E is

selenium

Consuming too much selenium results in ________.

selenosis

Lola doesn't like to cook, so she eats fast food at least three times a week. When she doesn't eat fast food, she opens a can of soup and makes a ham and cheese sandwich. For snacks, she prefers processed cheese cubes, potato chips, and pretzels. Based on this information, her diet is very high in ________.

sodium

Which of the following is a neural tube defects.

spina bifida

An important function of carbohydrates is to ________.

supply energy

The ________ gland produces the primary hormone that controls the metabolic rate.

thyroid

Under the current law on nutrition labeling, the Nutrition Facts panel must include ________.

total calories from fat

The lining of the small intestine is covered with ________, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food.

villi

________ fat is located deep within the abdominal region and protects digestive organs.

visceral

________ typically occurs around abdominal organs and in the omentum, an apron-like structure that hangs over the stomach and intestines.

visceral fat

A deficiency of which vitamin would be common following bariatric surgery.

vitamin B-12

Intrinsic factor is needed to absorb ________.

vitamin B12

Jared is a vegan. He can increase his intestinal tract's ability to absorb iron in his diet by combining iron-rich plant foods with sources of ________.

vitamin C

The AMDRs do NOT include estimates for intake of ________.

water

Labeling laws require that ingredients in food products be listed on the container in descending order of their ________.

weight

Paul is a vegetarian and has been complaining lately from a loss of appetite, diarrhea, hair loss, and skin rush. Based on your knowledge, what mineral is he most likely lacking in his diet?

zinc

Which of the following statements is true?

The human digestive tract does not produce enzymes that digest dietary fiber.

The coenzyme form of thiamine is

Thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP).

In high-intensity exercise, such as sprinting, the predominant fuel for exercise is ________.

carbohydrates

Excessive vitamin D intakes can result in ________.

deposition of calcium in soft tissues

According to the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines, which of the following substances is a nutrient of public health concern?

dietary fiber

Which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information?

dietsnomore4u.com

An online advertisement for a weight-loss product includes before and after photos of a woman who supposedly lost 50 pounds in 3 weeks while taking the product. The bottom of the ad includes the statement, "Results are not typical." This statement is an example of a(n) ________.

disclaimer

Chloride is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT ________.

energy metabolism

Parathyroid hormone ________.

enhances the body's ability to retain calcium

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient-dense per serving?

leafy greens

Justin's blood cholesterol levels are too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should he add?

legumes (e.g. black beans)

________ acid is an essential fatty acid.

linoleic

Which of the following statements is true?

The traditional Mediterranean diet supplies more olive oil and fish than the traditional American diet.

________ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

Thiamin

A refined grain product that has iron, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid added to replace amounts lost during processing has been

enriched

All of the following are common ingredients in sports drinks EXCEPT ________.

excess caffeine

Excessive magnesium is most often caused by

excessive intake of laxatives or antacids

The "sing-test" is used to easliy determ what in regards to what in training?

exercise intensity

What is the primary symptom of niacin toxicity?

flushing of the skin

Sean has carpal tunnel syndrome. A few months ago, he began taking megadoses of vitamin B-6, when he read that the vitamin can cure the disorder. Today, Sean reported to his friends that his hands were feeling numb and his walking is unsteady. Based on this information, Sean should ________.

stop taking vitamin B-6, because he is showing signs and symptoms of vitamin B-6 toxicity

In order for an individual to maintain an exercise regimen it helps if ________.

the exercise is built into a daily routine