Nutrition for the Health Sciences (Test I)

How much energy is required to raise the temperature of one kilogram (liter) of water 1° C?

1 kilocalorie

For ease in understanding serving size equivalents, visual representations, using everyday objects, have been readily used. Which of the following is an incorrect match between serving size equivalent and the everyday object?

1 ounce of cheese = deck of cards

If you wanted to find a food product that was a "good source of fiber," you would look for a product that contains ______% Daily Value for fiber.

10-19

What is the AMDR for protein?

10-35%

Approximately how many milliliters are contained in a half-cup of milk?

120

What is the weight (lbs) of the "reference" adult female?

126

By following MyPyramid and making careful food selections, a typical adult can obtain all the needed nutrients within an allowance of about _____ kcalories.

1500

A weight reduction regimen calls for a daily intake of 1400 kcalories, which includes 30 g of fat. Approximately what percentage of the total energy is contributed by fat?

19

What is the AMDR for fat?

20-35%

If a person consumed the upper AMDR limit for protein as part of a diet containing 2500 kcalories, approximately how many grams of protein would be ingested?

219

The complete lining of a person's digestive tract is renewed approximately every

3-5 days

Approximately how many nutrients are considered indispensable in the diet?

40

Which of the following figures falls within the carbohydrate range of the AMDR?

50%

What is the kcalorie value of a meal supplying 110 g of carbohydrates, 25 g of protein, 20 g of fat, and 5 g of alcohol?

755

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans helps a person know what to eat to stay healthy. Which of the following statements is incorrect with regards to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans? A healthy diet is one in which the total fat intake is between 20 and 35 percent of kcalories. A healthy diet stays within the daily energy needs for your recommended body weight. A healthy diet includes drinking alcohol in moderation. A healthy diet is low in saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, salt, and added sugars. A healthy diet emphasizes a variety of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

A healthy diet includes drinking alcohol in moderation.

Which of the following describes the legal limitations, if any, for a person who disseminates dietary advice to the public?

A license to practice as a nutritionist or dietitian is required by some states

What is the benefit of using placebos in an experiment?

All subjects receive a treatment

Which of the following represents a rationale for setting the recommendation for energy?

Because a margin of safety would result in excess energy intake for a large number of people, the figures are set at the average energy intake

Which of the following statements is false regarding Daily Values (DVs)? DVs compare key nutrients in a serving with the goals of a person consuming 2500 kcalories per day. DVs reflect recommendations for nutrients that have important relationships with health. DVs make it easy to compare foods. DVs help consumers see easily whether a food contributes "a little" or "a lot" of a nutrient. The "% Daily Value" column on a food label estimates how an individual food contributes to the total diet.

DVs compare key nutrients in a serving with the goals of a person consuming 2500 kcalories per day.

Which of the following is a result of the metabolism of energy nutrients?

Energy is released

What set of values is used to recommend the average kcalorie intake that maintains population groups in energy balance?

Estimated Energy Requirement

Which of the following statements is false regarding exchange lists? Exchange lists provide help in achieving kcalorie control and moderation. Due to the sorting strategy of exchange lists, cheeses are groups with meats. Exchange lists sort foods primarily by their vitamin and mineral contents. Exchange lists were originally developed to assist with meal planning for diabetics.

Exchange lists sort foods primarily by their vitamin and mineral contents.

Gram for gram, which of the following provides the most energy?

Fats

Which of the following is not one of the six classes of nutrients? Fiber Protein Minerals Vitamins

Fiber

Features of a chronic disease include all of the following except

It produces sharp pains

What is the meaning of a double-blind experiment?

Neither subjects nor researchers know which subjects are in the control or experimental group

Which of the following nutrient sources yields more than 4 kcalories per gram?

Plant fats

You have been asked to help a top nutrition researcher conduct human experiments on vitamin C. As the subjects walk into the laboratory, you distribute all the vitamin C pill bottles to the girls and all the placebo pill bottles to the boys. The researcher instantly informs you that there are two errors in your research practice. What steps should you have done differently?

Prevented yourself from knowing what was in the pill bottles, and distributed the bottles randomly to the subjects

What does the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of a nutrient represent?

The maximum amount from all sources that appears safe for most healthy people

Which of the following is not a feature of the Adequate Intake (AI) and the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)? Both values exceed the average requirements AI values are more tentative than RDA values The percentage of people covered is known for both values Both values may serve as nutrient intake goals for individuals

The percentage of people covered is known for both values

Among the following, which is the major weakness of a laboratory-based study?

The results cannot be applied to human beings

What is the benefit of using controls in an experiment?

The subjects are similar in all respects except for the treatment being tested

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the composition of most foods? They contain only one of the three energy nutrients, although a few contain all of them They contain equal amounts of the three energy nutrients, except for high-fat foods They contain mixtures of the three energy nutrients, although only one or two may predominate They contain only two of the three energy nutrients, although there are numerous other foods that contain only one

They contain mixtures of the three energy nutrients, although only one or two may predominate

Which of the following statements regarding lactose intolerance is false? Lactose intolerance is greatest among native North Americans and Southeast Asians. People who consume no milk products must take care to meet riboflavin, vitamin D, and calcium needs. Total elimination of milk products is necessary for those who are lactose intolerant. Lactase activity declines with age. Symptoms of lactose intolerance include bloating, abdominal discomfort, and diarrhea.

Total elimination of milk products is necessary for those who are lactose intolerant.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the minerals? Yield no energy Unstable to light Stable in cooked foods Structurally smaller than vitamins

Unstable to light

Which of the following basic diet-planning principles is concerned with the diet providing sufficient energy and enough of all the nutrients to meet the needs of healthy people?

adequacy

According to the USDA Food Guide, which of the following constitutes a one-ounce meat equivalent? ¼ cup cooked tofu all of these choices 1 egg ½ ounce nuts 1 tablespoon peanut butter

all of these choices

Diets rich in fiber may provide which of the following health benefits? reduction in risk of type 2 diabetes reduction in blood pressure maintenance of healthy body weight all of these choices prevention or alleviation of constipation

all of these choices

In comparing the actual intakes to the recommended intakes for the food groups identified in the USDA Daily Food Guide and MyPlate, which of the following groups do Americans consume lower amounts than recommended by these two food guides? whole grains all of these choices vegetables milk products

all of these choices

Many foods contain food labels while others do not. Which of the following foods do not need to have a food label? coffee, tea, and spices all of these choices those prepared and sold in the same establishment those produced by small businesses

all of these choices

Some studies have shown that selecting foods with a low glycemic index may improve: blood lipids all of these choices weight management glucose control

all of these choices

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans include recommendations for: food safety weight management all of these choices food consumption physical activity

all of these choices

Which of the following locations in the body store glycogen? muscles and liver only brain liver all of these choices muscles

all of these choices

Recommended Dietary Allowances may be used to

assess dietary nutrient adequacy for individuals

Which of the following basic diet-planning principles is concerned with consuming enough, but not too much, of each type of food?

balance

The USDA Food Guide assigns foods to five major subgroups and recommends daily amounts of food from each group. Which of the following is not a vegetable subgroup?

dark blue or purple vegetables such as eggplant, beets, and purple onions

The RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowances) for nutrients are generally

designed to meet the needs of almost all healthy people

The difference between the kcalories needed to supply nutrients and those needed for energy is known as the _________________________.

discretionary kcalorie allowance

Harmful effects of excessive fiber intake may include all of the following except:

diverticulosis

A nutrient needed by the body and that must be supplied by foods is termed a(n)

essential nutrient

When blood glucose levels fall, which hormone is secreted by the pancreas to stimulate the liver to break down its glycogen?

glucagon

The process of converting protein to glucose is called:

gluconeogenesis

Which of the following monosaccharide combinations makes up the disaccharide lactose?

glucose + galactose

When blood glucose falls, the liver cells break down glycogen through _________ reactions into single molecules of glucose and release them into the bloodstream.

hydrolysis

During which period in life is lactase activity the greatest?

infancy

The oils subgroup of the USDA Food Guide is known to contribute which of the following to your diet:

kcalories and vitamin E only

An essential nutrient is one that cannot be

made in sufficient quantities by the body.

Which of the following beverages may be helpful in protecting against dental caries? soft drinks milk sport drinks orange juice coffee

milk

Which of the following foods has the lowest glycemic index? peanuts yogurt brown rice grapes cherries

peanuts

Before publication in a reputable journal, the findings of a research study must undergo scrutiny by experts in the field according to a process known as

peer review

According to the USDA Food Guide, which of the following is a high in nutrient density choice from the grains subgroup? taco shells cornbread granola fried rice popcorn

popcorn

A parent who offers a child a favorite snack as a reward for good behavior is displaying a food behavior known as

positive association

Many times nutrients are added to food products through processing resulting in either a fortified or enriched product. Which of the following is the most highly fortified food on the market?

ready-to-eat breakfast cereals

The smallest amount of a nutrient that is consumed over a prolonged period that maintains a specific function is called the nutrient

requirement

Factors known to be related to a disease but not proven to be causal are called

risk factors

When shopping in the meat department, choose fish, poultry, and lean cuts of beef and pork named __________.

round and loin only

The goal of Healthy People is to establish the DRI. identify national trends in food consumption. identify leading causes of death in the United States set goals for the nation's health over the next 10 years.

set goals for the nation's health over the next 10 years.

Which location along the GI tract is responsible for most of the work of carbohydrate digestion?

small intestine

Which of the following is an herbal product that has recently been granted the status of "generally recognized as safe" and will be used as an alternative sweetener in the United States?

stevia

Which of the following carbohydrates is not a monosaccharide?

sucrose

The most common causes of death today in the United States include all of the following except cancer. diabetes. tuberculosis. heart disease.

tuberculosis

Which two subgroups of the USDA Food Guide do legumes belong?

vegetables and meat

Which of the following is not required to be present on the Nutrition Facts panel?

vitamin D

If you were shopping for a loaf of bread and wanted to consume the bread with the greatest amount of whole grains, which of the following phrases would you look for to ensure your success?

whole wheat

Which of the following most accurately describes the term organic?

Substances with carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds

_________ is the sweetest of the sugars.

Fructose

What is the term that defines foods that contain nonnutrient substances whose known action in the body is to promote well-being to a greater extent than that contributed by the food's nutrients?

Functional foods

Which of the following statements regarding glucose is incorrect? Glucose is an essential energy source for all the body's activities. Glucose is also known as blood sugar. Glucose is one of the two sugars in every disaccharide except maltose. Glucose is the unit that almost exclusively makes up starch and glycogen.

Glucose is one of the two sugars in every disaccharide except maltose.

_________ is a polysaccharide, but not a dietary source of carbohydrate.

Glycogen

How are the RDA for almost all vitamin and mineral intakes set?

High, to cover virtually all healthy individuals

Which of the following statements about diabetes is true? Concentrated sweets, such as candy, are strictly excluded from the diabetic diet. In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas produces a type of insulin that is abnormal and thus not recognized by the body. Type 2 diabetes is frequently associated with a healthy body weight. Type 1 diabetes is more common than type 2 diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas fails to produce insulin.

In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas fails to produce insulin.

Of the three articles posted on D2L, which one is a report of one research study? (Hint: A research article describes the actual steps the researchers took to conduct the study and reports their exact findings.)

Ingested Protein Does Response of Muscle and Albumin Protein Synthesis after Resistance Exercise in Young Men (Lead author Daniel Moore)

Which of the following cannot add fat to the body? Alcohol Proteins Carbohydrates Inorganic nutrients

Inorganic nutrients

Which of the following is classified as a micronutrient? Iron Protein Alcohol Carbohydrate

Iron

For which of the following titles, by definition, must the individual be college educated and pass a national examination administered by the American Dietetic Association?

Registered Dietitian

Which of the following is a feature of the minerals as nutrients?

Some become dissolved in body fluids

Which of the following is a feature of the minerals as nutrients? They are organic They yield 4 kcalories per gram Some become dissolved in body fluids Some may be destroyed during cooking

Some become dissolved in body fluids