Vocabulary for IELTS ADVANCED
blue-collar
"синій комірець", робітник connected with people who do physical work in industry
Petroleum Hydrocarbons (PHC)
.Нафтові вуглеводні Examples include mixtures of Petroleum Hydrocarbons, metals and metalloids in mining and pesticides on or in the food we consume
abrupt (adj)
1.Раптовий, різкий 2.Грубий (по відношенню до когось) 1. sudden and unexpected, often in an unpleasant way 2.speaking or acting in a way that seems unfriendly and rude; not taking time to say more than is necessary synonym brusque, curt
herring What enables a school of herring to coordinate its movements so pricisely it can change direction in a flash, like a single organism?
a fish that lives in the northern Atlantic Ocean and is often eaten as food - see also red herring
yarn (Chemical analysis and powerful microdcopy can reveal remarkable characteristics of textiles: what plants and animals the fibres came from, how the yarns were made, what weaving techniques were employed and what dyes or pigments were used to colour them.)
fibers that have been spun together
Aerosols
Аерозолі very fine liquid droplets or solid particles aloft in the atmosphere an abbreviation for the gases which have now been removed from aerosols to protect the ozone layer.
Embalming
Бальзамування (обробка консервантами для запобігання гниття) treating with preservatives to prevent decay The embalming substances turned out to include fairly exotic materials, such as oils, beeswax, sugar gum and tree resins and were as complex as those used for human mummification.
Exodus
Вихід a large-scale departure or flight Curiously, this massive exodus from the land to the city was not accompanied by negative attitudes to rural living.
Intrapersonal
Внутрішньоособистісний Relating to self-awareness
Alienated
Відчужений distanced, estranged Made not to feel a sense of belonging We are led to believe that, in the country, we can find the safe, simple serenity that is so desperately needed by the alienated city dweller
Wean off Wean on
Відівчити від To withdraw from any type of habit To have, use, see something from a very Young age In conclusion, there is little dout that we will soon need to wean ourselves off fossil, fuels and on to an alternative fuel source.
Harbor (noun)
Гавань an area of water on the coast, protected from the open sea by strong walls, where ships can shelter
Well-informed
Добре обізнаний has accurate information
life sentence
Довічне увязнення the punishment by which somebody spends the rest of their life in prison
Mass Circulation Magazines
Журнали масового тиражу (періодична публікація, що містить статті та ілюстрації, як правило, що охоплюють певний предмет чи сферу інтересу) a periodical publication containing articles and illustrations, typically covering a particular subject or area of interest. The rise of mass circulation magazines, radio broadcasting and to a lesser extent, motion pictures provided new media for advertisements to reach consumers.
urge
Закликати,спонукати to advise or try hard to persuade somebody to do something
Outer suburbs
Зовнішні передмістя Land use zone on outskirts of city (housing, shops and industry)
Customer Segments
Клієнтські сегменти, категорії споживачів groups of people who share similar needs and thus are likely to desire the same features in a product Most of the companies in these industries started out with product and pricing strategies designed to provide value to a variety of customer segments, each with its own needs and price sensitivitives.
Minimum Balance
Мінімальний баланс A specific amount of money that a bank or credit union requires in order to open or maintain a particular account. Think of the cell or mobile phone service, and banking and credit card industries, each of which now profits from customers who fail to understand or follow the rules about minute use, minium balances, overdrafts, credit limits, or payment deadline.
bottom line
Нижня лінія, фінальний етап the final line in the accounts of a company or organization, stating the total profit or loss that has been made
pay off
Окупитися, розплатитися (phr v) to be successful and bring good results Janda was surprised to find that in order to create a relationship, consumers have to perceive it will pay off, monetarily or otherwise.
Pastoral Idyll
Пастирська ідилія writing that extolls the virtue of the countryside/nature In the years following the Industrial Revolution, a new artistic theme emerged: the theme of pastoral idyll
full-scale
Повномасштабний fuul-scale used for very complex details. Goverment labs, universities and private companies are doing more research on the health effects of many nutrients, food scientists say, but much of it falls short of the full-scale clinical trials that the Food and Drug Administration has required for use in marketing.
Re-evaluation
Повторна оцінка looking at the experiment again to see if you have the right answer and if you did everything correctly Evidence has led to a re-evaluation of where certain materials orginated.
improve
Покращувати, вдосконалювати to become better than before; to make something/somebody better than before
aurora borealis
Північне сяйво northern lights The aurora borealis is a spectacular though transient light display caused by millions of explosions.
Pygmy shrew
Пігмей землерийка (найменший ссавець) smallest mammal To stay alive, the pygmy shrew has to eat three times its body weight daily, which means capturing a prey every 15 to 30 minutes, day and night.
soaring
Різко зростає to increase very quickly in amount or price Demand for eco-friendly hybrid cars is soaring
apprehensive (adj)
Сповнений тривоги worried or frightened that something unpleasant may happen
Converge together
Сходитися разом, об'єднуватися to move toward one point, approach nearer together A mega city can be a single metropolitan area or two or more areas that converge or join together
means tested
Тест на засоби (це визначення того, чи є людина чи сім'я правом на допомогу уряду чи добробут, ґрунтуючись на тому, чи є у індивіда чи сім'ї кошти обійтися без цієї допомоги.) paid to somebody according to the results of a means test
scrap
Шматок, частинка small bit or fragment; discarded waste material; fight; Among the fabric samples Jakes has anaysed are carbonised scraps from Hopewell burial sites, which were typically earth mounds.
agrarian society
аграрне суспільство a society in which people make a living from farming However, the percentage of the population that lived in urban setting remained small in agrarian society
activate
активувати to make something such as a device or chemical process start working
topical (adj)
актуальний connected with something that is happening or of interest at the present time
rechargeable (adj)
акумуляторний (adj) able to be recharged
analogous
аналогічний, подібний similar Onnela and Reed-Tsochas realised that analogous changes take place on sites where people share their profiles with online friends.
analytical
аналітичний using a logical method of thinking about something in order to understand it, especially by looking at all the parts separately
antagonistic
антагоністичний, протидіючий opposed; hostile; aggressive Other snakker companies are experimenting with less antagonistic ways to retain customers, such as reward points for customers, such as reward points for customers who worl out regularly.
antibiotic
антибіотик a medicine used to save lives because it destroys harmful bacteria and cures infections Hospitals around the world are having problems with bacteria which cannot be treated with antibiotics.
anti-social (adj)
антисоціальний (шкідливий або дратівливий для інших людей, або для суспільства взагалі) harmful or annoying to other people, or to society in general The cultural status of tattooing has steadily evolved from that of an anti-social activity in the 1960s to that of a socially acceptable fashion statement today.
antifreeze
антифриз (Речовина, яка уповільнює процес заморожування або взагалі не заморожується) A substance which slows the process of freezing
animation
анімація the process of making films/movies, videos and computer games in which drawings or models of people and animals seem to move (unit 20: the art, personal taste)
archive (noun)
архів a collection of historical documents or records of a government, a family, a place or an organization; the place where these records are stored
astronomical
астрономічний connected with astronomy
aftershock (noun)
афтершок (менший землетрус, що слідує за більшим землетрусом) a small earthquake that happens after a bigger one
multicultural (adj)
багатокультурний for or including people of several different races, religions, languages and traditions But then, gradually, over time, as our society becomes more and more multicultural, there is a blending of these customs and we gradually come to redifine the norm.
high-rise (adj)
багатоповерховий (adj) very tall and having a lot of floors
high-rise building (noun).
багатоповерхівка a building that is very tall and has a lot of floors At one point, the electricity in the atmosphere made it seem inevitable that high-rise buildings would be struck by lightning
multi-institutional
багатоінституційний (залучення, що стосується або виникає в більш ніж одній установі) involving, relating to, or occurring within more than one institution It is possible to predict your performance on a video game simply by measuring the volume of specific structures in your brain, a multi-institutional team of researchers announced this week.
desirable (adj)
бажаний, жаданй causing other people to feel sexual desire
recreational facilities
бази відпочинку The city has far more * * than rural areas, so young people don't get bored so easily.o
bacterial (adj)
бактеріальний caused by or connected with bacteria
trivial
банальний, незначний (adj.) not important, minor; ordinary, commonplace
bankrupt
банкрут unable to pay what you owe, and having had control of your financial matters given, by a law court, to a person who sells your property to pay your debts And those these mid -level lottery winners were less likely than small winners (those who won less than $10,000) to become bankrupt immediately after winning, they were 50 per cent more likely to do so in three to five years after winning their prize.
bankruptcy
банкрутство a situation in which a business or a person becomes bankrupt But new research from Vanderbilt Law School found that people who won between $50,000 and $150,000 only postpone bankruptcy.
irresponsible
безвідповідальний, невідповідальний not thinking enough about the effects of what they do; not showing a feeling of responsibility
a multitude of
безліч a large number of scholars had assumed that ancient people used relatively simple and inexpensive methods to prepare this multitude of animals for burial.
ongoing (adj)
безперервний, продовжений, триваючий (adj) continuing to exist or develop Depression is an ongoing and pervasive problem in our society, and it poses something of an evolutionary paradox: the brain plays a crucial role in our survival, so evolution should have left our brains resistant to such high rates of malfunction
unprecedented
безпрецедентний never done or known before The data stored on the site makes it possible to analyse the growth in popularity of individual applications in unprecedented detail.
win-win situation
безпрограшна ситуація
unemployment (noun)
безробіття the fact of a number of people not having a job; the number of people without a job The modern welfare system in the UK developed during the late 19th and 20th century and includes the provision of both cash welfare benefits (such as an old-age pension or unemployment benefit) and welfare services not involving money (such as healthcare)
invertebrate
безхребетні An animal without a backbone jellyfish is an aquatic invertebrate
shore (noun)
берег the land along the edge of the sea or ocean, a lake or another large area of water
conserve
берегти to keep and protect something from damage, change, or waste
concrete jungle (noun)
бетонні джунглі (спосіб опису міста чи району, який неприємний, оскільки в ньому багато великих сучасних будівель, а також немає дерев чи парків) a way of describing a city or an area that is unpleasant because it has many large modern buildings and no trees or parks
boon
благо, дар, благочинність a gift or blessing Such a big moon is a big boon for life on Earth.
to contend
боротися to compete against somebody in order to gain something Critics of 'green energy' contend that current technologies are either too costly or impractical to realistically replace our current energy needs.
grapple with
боротися з to try to solve a problem :to deal with a problem The recently established Center for the Technical Study of Modern Art at Harvard has been set up to grapple with the distinctive challenges posed by the art of the last century.
branding (noun)
брендинг (створення назви бренду) the activity of giving a particular name and image to goods and services so that people will be attracted to them and want to buy them
mundane
буденний not interesting or exciting synonym dull, ordinary
turbulent (adj)
бурхливий, турбулентний 1.in which there is a lot of sudden change, confusion, disagreement and sometimes violence 2. (of air or water) changing direction suddenly and violently
a storm in a teacup
буря в чашці a lot of unnecessary anger and worry about a matter that is not important Climate sceptics believe that scientists are exaggerating the current situation and this is simply storm in a teacup.
be responsible for
бути відповідальним за, відповідати за
be a victim of
бути жертвою чогось If you * * * * a violent crime, ti can take years to get over it.
be in bad taste
бути з несмаком, бути недоречгим The jokes he made about the earthquake were * * * and quite offensive.
to be mired in sth
бути зануреним у що-небудь Stuck, entangled (in something, like a swamp or muddy area), soiled However, within a relatively short space of time, we were mired in problems caused by things like online scams and viruses - traps aimed at crashing our computers and even stealing our identity.
be on the verge of
бути на межі чогось about to do/happen = be on the brink of It's vital that we conserve these sites because several of them are on the verge of destruction.
to be granted
бути наданим офіційно to be given something officially or formally If you are lucky, you may be granted permission to enter the primary temple in the centre of the courtyard.
be intent on
бути наміреним to be determined After all, depression is nature's way of telling you that you've got complex social problems that the mind is intent on solving.
Mediate
бути посередником, опосередкований, проміжний to work with opposing sides in an argument or dispute in order to get an agreement Usually, too, authors distinguish advertising fromsalesmanship by defining it as mediated persuasion aimed at an audience rather than one-to-one communication with a potential customer.
be successful in
бути успішним в чомусь, досягнути своєї певної мети accomplishing an aim or purpose. It doesn't have to be a big thing, it might just be rewarding myself with a night out if I'm successful in a test.
accounting (noun)
бухгалтерський облік, бухгалтерія the process or work of keeping financial accounts
budget
бюджет, фінансовий кошторис a plan to show how much money a person or organization will earn and how much they will need or be able to spend
bureaucrat (noun)
бюрократ (той, хто забезпечує правильні правила та регулювання) ensures correct rules and regulation are put in place
protein (noun)
білок, протеїн a substance, found within all living things, that forms the structure of muscles, organs
biofuel
біопаливо a fuel that is made from living things or their waste
in a bid
в заявці, в спробі an attempt to win, get, or do something In abid to stop this, the New South Wales Government decided to offer incentives for Australians to find gold in their own country
in vogue
в моді a fashion for something
in the vicinity of
в околицях near Pesticides can be extremely harmful to any creature living in the vicinity of where they are used.
in the public eye
в очах громадськості, в центрі уваги well known to many people through newspapers and television
in retrospect (noun)
в ретроспективі thinking about a past event or situation, often with a different opinion of it from the one you had at the time In retrospect, and with the benefit of hindsight, it is clear that it was a bad decision.
in the cold light of day
в холодному світлі дня If you think about something * * * * * *, you think about it clearly and calmly, without the emotions you had at the time it happened, and you often feel sorry or ashamed about it We need to ignore all of the media hype and examine this problem in the cold light of day
jail
в'язниця a prison
blemish
вада, шрам an imperfection, flaw In the Oscar Wilde novel The Picture of Dorian Gray, a man remains forever young while his painted portrait acquires the blemishes of his increasingly sinful life.
heavy (adj)
важкий (adj) weighing a lot, and needing effort to move or lift
instrumental in doing sth
важливе значення для Very important in helping or causing sth to happen or be done The introduction of iodine to Morton Salt in 1924 was instrumental in eradicating a dangerous thyroid condition called goiter from the U.S. population.
vandalism
вандалізм the crime of destroying or damaging something, especially public property, deliberately and for no good reason
mislead
вводити в оману to give somebody the wrong idea or impression and make them believe something that is not true. Someone trying to make you believe something that is untrue will deliberate you. The policy was perceived to be a deliberate attempt to mislead the public.
strike
вдарити to hit somebody/something hard or with force
hit a nail hammer a nail
вдарити по цвяху забити цвях
cattle (noun)
велика рогата худоба cows and bulls that are kept as farm animals for their milk or meat
vast
величезний extremely large in area, size, amount, etc. synonym huge Space programmes require vast sums of money
immense (adj)
величезний, безмірний extremely large or great synonym enormous
tremendous (adj)
величезний, гігантський very great synonym huge
hilarious (adj)
веселий, галасливий (adj) extremely funny The last movie I saw was supposed to be a really funny comedy, but I didn't laugh at all.
consume
вживати. споживати to use something, especially fuel, energy or time
interaction (noun)
взаємодія the act of communicating with somebody, especially while you work, play or spend time with them
Take charge of be in charge of
взяти на себе відповідальність бути відповідальним за a responsibility; someone or something entrusted to the care of another The government needs to take charge of the current problems.
take responsibility for have responsibility for have a responsibility to be the responsibility of
взяти на себе відповідальність за нести відповідальність за нести відповідальність перед бути відповідальним за the state or fact of having a duty to deal with something or of having control over someone. The state have a responsibility to provide healthcare.
pothole
вибоїна a pit or hole produced by wear or weathering (especially in a road surface) Over the past year, Bramhurst Road has developed big poholes all over the place.
drop out of
вибути з, вийти з, покинути щось to quit My friends started going out late to nightclubs so I decided to dissociate myself from the group. When people feel isolated and rejected, they sometimes abandon sciety altogether.
burst
вибухати to break open or apart, especially because of pressure from inside; to make something break in this way
garbage collection (noun)
вивіз сміття taking waste from houshold An efficient sewage system and frequent garbage collection are both essential to maintaining sanitation in densely populated areas
fictional (adj)
вигаданий (adj) not real or true; existing only in stories; connected with fiction
benefit (noun)
вигода, користь money provided by the government to people who need financial help because they are unemployed, ill/sick, etc. The modern welfare system in the UK developed during the late 19th and 20th century and includes the provision of both cash welfare benefits (such as an old-age pension or unemployment benefit) and welfare services not involving money (such as healthcare)
eminent (adj)
видатний (adj) famous and respected, especially in a particular profession
prominent (adj)
видатний (adj) important or well known
species (noun)
види a group into which animals, plants, etc. that are able to breed with each other and produce healthy young are divided, smaller than a genus and identified by a Latin name
mining
видобуток корисних копалин the industry or activity of removing substances such as coal or metal from the ground by digging
emissions
викиди gases released into the air, especially by cars and factories This results in an increase in carbon dioxide or greenhouse gas emissions.
emissions (noun)
викиди, виділення the production or sending out of light, heat, gas, etc.
bring about
викликати, спричинити cause to happen Changes in our climate bring about higher temperatures, which in turn inevitably result in reduced yields of desirable crops.
exclude (verb)
виключати, вилучати o deliberately not include something in what you are doing or considering Those who fail to observe these norms are inevitably excluded from that group.
excavate (verb)
викопувати to dig in the ground to look for old buildings or objects that have been buried for a long time; to find something by digging in this way
make the most of every moment
використовувати кожну мить по максимуму She's always telling me that time passes in the blink of an eye and I should make the most of every moment of it.
eradicate
викорінювати, виривати з корнем to destroy or get rid of something completely, especially something bad
arise
виникати, поставати to happen; to start to exist synonym occur
evaporation (noun)
випаровування the process of a liquid changing or being changed into a gas
smelt
виплавляти, плавити to obtain metal from an ore by exposing it to very high temperature Lead is extracted by a process known as smelting, where the rock, or ore is heated to extremely high temperatures.
rectify
виправити to correct something or make something right: I am determined to take whatever action is necessary to * the situation.
solicit
випрошувати to ask for; to seek Political advertising solicits a vote (or a contribution), not a purchase.
emit
випускати, випромінювати to send out a beam, noise, smell, or gas
release (Verb)
випускати, звільняти to let somebody/something come out of a place where they have been kept or trapped
handmade products
вироби ручної роботи The craft market sold many beautiful (things which weren't manufactured.)
yield
виробляти, врожай give or supply, produce Other areas have yielded only small flecks of charcoal from prehistoric fires.
manufacturer (noun)
виробник a person or company that produces goods in large quantities In order to increase their sales, these manufacturers bombard young children with colourful and entertaining TV ads.
reared livestock
вирощена худоба I think it's common knowledge that intensively reared livestock suffer horribly because of their cramped living conditions.
deforestation (noun)
вирубування лісів the act of cutting down or burning the trees in an area
crucial (adj)
вирішальний extremely important, because it will affect other things
resolve
вирішити to solve or end a problem or difficulty If this isn't done, we will never completely resolve this issue.
gruelling
виснажливий extremely tiring and demanding There are somany facts and figures to learn and the exams are really gruelling so you've got to study hard all the time.
exhaust
виснажувати, стомлювати, зморювати to make somebody feel very tired
high-profile (adj)
високий профіль (adj) receiving or involving a lot of attention and discussion on television, in newspapers, etc.
flaunt (verb)
виставляти напоказ to show something you are proud of to other people, in order to impress them First and flaunted by influential rock stars like the Rolling Stones in the early 1970s, tattooing had, by the late 1980s, become accepted by ever-broader segments of mainstream society.
expense (noun)
витрати the money that you spend on something
to indicate
вказати, зазначити to show that something is true or exists
backlash
вкрай негативна реакція a strong public reaction against something The backlash against American consumerism dates nearly to its conception.
equity
власний капітал, справедливість the value of a company, divided into many equal parts owned by the shareholders, or one of the equal parts into which the value of a company is divided finance [noncount] :the value of a piece of property (such as a house) after any debts that remain to be paid for it (such as the amount of a mortgage) have been subtracted
cardholder
власник картки A person or entity that is issued a credit or debit account that is accessed through the use of a card Many credit card issuers, for example, choose not deny a transaction that would put the cardholder over his or her credit limit, it's more profitable to let the customer overspend and then impose penalties.
catchy
вловимий, привабливий (той, що легко запам'ятовується) (of music or the words of an advertisement) pleasing and easily remembered
inner-city slum/shanty town (noun)
внутрішні бідні райони the central part of a city where people live and where there are often problems because people are poor and there are few jobs and bad houses Many people who move to the city from rural areas end up living in inner-city slums/shanty towns because of a shortage of housing
courtyard
внутрішній двір An open space surrounded by buildings or walls If you are lucky, you maybe granted permission to enter the primary temple in the centre of the courtyard.
aquatic
водний growing or living in, on or near water
reservoir (noun)
водосховище a natural or artificial lake where water is stored before it is taken by pipes to houses, etc.
chauffeur
водій, шофер a man paid to drive a privately owned car
fibre (noun)
волокно, клітковина a material such as cloth or rope that is made from a mass of natural or artificial threads
hostile (adj)
ворожий (adj) very unfriendly or aggressive and ready to argue or fight Although this approach may work for a while (many notable practitioners are highly profitable), businesses that that prey on customers are always vulnerable to possible hostility.
Self-reliant
впевнений у собі, самостійний independent
influential (adj)
впливовий having a lot of influence on somebody/something Celebrities are extremely influential in setting fashion trends.
well-adjusted (adj)
врівноважений, добре налагоджений (of a person) able to deal with people, problems and life in general in a normal, sensible way
world-famous (adj)
всесвітньо відомий (adj) known all over the world
lose control of
втратити контроль над
embodiment
втілення living example of These are not only technical but conceptual, since the use of the new materials - many of them never meant to last - often went hand in hand with a disdain for the traditional notion of the artwork as a precious artifact and embodiment of eternal values.
carbon dioxide (noun)
вуглекислий газ This results in an increase in carbon dioxide or greenhouse gas emissions.
carbon footprint
вуглецевий слід Someone's * * is a measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide that their activities produce (unit 16: energy, natural resources)
carbon neutral (adj)
вуглецево нейтральний (adj) If a person, organization, event, etc. is *, it does things such as planting trees to reduce carbon dioxide by the same amount as it produces it
hive (noun)
вулик a structure made for bees to live in How do hundreds of honeybees make a critical decision about their hive if many of them disagree?
to bounce a cheque
відбити чек, повернути чек через помилки of a check :to be returned by a bank because there is not enough money in the bank account to pay the amount that is on the check Penalties for problems such as bouncing a cheque, for example, were orginally designed to discourage banking customers from spending more money than they had and to recoup administrative costs.
Get sidetracked
відволікатися to distract from the main subject I know my young son often gets sidetracked when these images suddenly appear and entice him to 'click' here to win $1 million'!
distracting
відволікаючий taking your attention away from what you are trying to do
remote
віддалений far away from places where other people live It's a really amazing place because it's in a very remote, muntainous area.
discard
відкидати, відмовлятись to throw something away or get rid of it because you no longer want or need it
echo
відлуння the fact of an idea, event, etc. being like another and reminding you of it; something that reminds you of something else
op out (of)
відмовитися від to choose not to do or be involved in something My friends started going out late to nightclubs so I decided to dissociate myself from the group. When people feel isolated and rejected, they sometimes abandon sciety altogether.
reflect
відображати, відбивати to show the image of somebody/something on the surface of something such as a mirror, water or glass
conform (verb)
відповідати (стандартам, нормам) to behave and think in the same way as most other people in a group or society When people conform, it helps make society more peaceful.
cut off
відрізати, перервати to disconnect, interrupt, or discontinue something or someone While I enjoyed the restfulness, I felt too cut off.
relegate SO/sth to sth
відступати, передоручати, відкидати щось/когось на щось/когось іншого demote; downgrade; give somebody a lower or less important position, rank, etc. than before Magazine ad styles were also restrained, with most publications relegating advertisements to the back pages.
segment (noun)
відтинок, сегмент, частина a part of something that is separate from the other parts or can be considered separately First and flaunted by influential rock stars like the Rolling Stones in the early 1970s, tattooing had, by the late 1980s, become accepted by ever-broader segments of mainstream society.
Undertone
відтінок Characteristic that isn't obvious A constant undertone in this theme is that rural living is more satisfying than life in the town
feel to blame for ... take the blame for ... be to blame for ...
відчувати вину за ... взяти на себе провину за ... бути винним за ... to say or think that a person or thing is responsible for something bad that has happened We need to find out who is to blame for the crisis. The party leader took the blame for their election defeat.
feel responsible for be responsible for
відчувати відповідальність за бути відповідальним за trustworthy; reliable The culture department is responsible for the running of museums.
recoup
відшкодувати (v.) to make up for, regain Penalties for problems such as bouncing a cheque, for example, were orginally designed to discourage banking customers from spending more money than they had and to recoup administrative costs.
repel
відштовхувати to successfully fight somebody who is attacking you, your country, etc. and drive them away
break away from
відірватися від, перестати бути частиною чогось stop being part of sth My friends started going out late to nightclubs so I decided to dissociate myself from the group.
military service (noun)
військова служба a period during which young people train in the armed forces The existence of pensions can be traced back as far as the Roman Empire, when soldiers were provided with a pension on retiring from military service.
wind farm
вітрова ферма a group of wind turbines (= tall structures with blades that are blown by the wind) that are used for producing electricity
headline
газетний заголовок the title of a newspaper article printed in large letters, especially at the top of the front page
hype
галас exaggerated claims, especially in advertising; anything intended to mislead We need to ignore all of the media hype and examine this problem in the cold light of day
assure
гарантувати, запевняти to make yourself certain about something
harmonious (adj)
гармонійний friendly, peaceful and without any disagreement One of the main factors in ensuring a harmonious society is that there are clear, established patterns in the way we conduct ourselves.
slogan (noun)
гасло a word or phrase that is easy to remember, used for example by a political party or in advertising to attract people's attention or to suggest an idea quickly
genetically modified food/crops
генетично модифіковані продукти харчування / культури A * * plant or animal has had some of its genes changed scientifically
genome
геном all of an organism's genetic material Biology was next, with genome sequencing throwing up so much data that genetics has turned partly into information science.
slick
гладкий, слизький done or made in a way that is clever and efficient but often does not seem to be sincere or lacks important ideas These days, our ambivalence and need to purge come in slick, packaged form: a magazine called Real Simple that specialises in de-cluttering.
profound (adj)
глибокий, проникливий needing a lot of study or thought
viewer
глядач a person watching television
infuriating
гнівно, розлючуючи making you extremely angry
for hours and hours at a time
годинами For her, the past is a country she likes to visit for hours and hours at a time through her memories.
wobble
гойдатися move unsteadily from side to side The unseen hand of the moon's gravity gently reduces that wobble, preventing rotational instabilities which would otherwise have caused dramatic changes in Earth's climatic zones over time.
chief claim to fame
головна причина на славу a reason why someone or something is famous
principally
головним чином, переважно mainly The general term may cover a variety of forms of assistance but principally involves the payment of some form of pension.
chair a meeting
головувати на засіданні to act as the chairman or chairwoman of a meeting, discussion, etc
disdain (n)
гордовитість, зневага a feeling of strong dislike or disapproval of someone or something you think does not deserve respect These are not only technical but conceptual, since the use of the new materials - many of them never meant to last - often went hand in hand with a disdain for the traditional notion of the artwork as a precious artifact and embodiment of eternal values.
mountainous
гористий having many mountains It's a really amazing place because it's in a very remote, muntainous area.
burglar
грабіжник thief The researchers found 96 pairs of convicted burglers, and 406 pairs who had been charged with assault
engraving
гравірування a picture made by cutting a design on a piece of metal and then printing the design on paper During the Copper Age, prehistoric people carved engravings in rock.
fungus (noun)
грибок, плвснява an organism (= a living thing) that is similar to a plant without leaves, flowers or green colouring, and that usually grows on plants or on decaying matter. Mushrooms and mildew are both fungi.
community college
громадський коледж Type of college with up to 2-year programs leading to certificates, diplomas, or associate degrees. Community colleges are also now attracting more and more students who already have a degree but want to learn new skill or a trade that will help them earn better wages.
community service
громадські чи виправні роботи work helping people in the local community that somebody does without being paid, either because they want to, or because they have been ordered to by a court as a punishment
monetary
грошовий, валютний connected with money, especially all the money in a country Janda was surprised to find that in order to create a relationship, consumers have to perceive it will pay off, monetarily or otherwise.
gourmet
гурман (Людина, яка любить смачну їжу і добре оцінює її якість) A person who likes fine food and is a good judge of its quality Vitamin water drinks, spiked with nutrients such as taurine, vitamin C, calcium and potassium, can be found on shelves of gourmet shops and supermarkets
hybrid car
гібридний автомобіль a car with a gasoline engine and an electric motor, each of which can propel it Demand for eco-friendly hybrid cars is soaring
giant
гігант, велетень Major food giants are actively unveiling products overseas, including yogurt with probiotic bacteria, to aid digestion.
twig
гілочка small branch or division of a branch
hypothesis (noun)
гіпотеза, припущення an idea or explanation of something that is based on a few known facts but that has not yet been proved to be true or correct
hypothetical
гіпотетичний (на основі ситуацій чи ідей, які можливі та уявні, а не реальні та правдиві) based on situations or ideas which are possible and imagined rather than real and true
bounty
дар, щедрість reward or payment More ants maybe needed to haul the bounty home.
degradation (noun)
деградація the process of something being damaged or made worse environmental degradation There is a high risk of dramatic biodiveristy loss and accompanying degradation of a broad range of ecosystem services if the Earth's system is pushed beyond a certain threshold
defection
дезертирство, невдача, порушення, провал desertion At any time, customers may retaliate with anger, lawsuit and defection.
disinfect
дезінфікувати 1. to clean something using a substance that kills bacteria 2. to run a computer program to get rid of a computer virus a household chemical product used to disinfect: bleach
dementia
деменція, слабоумство a chronic or persistent disorder of the mental processes caused by brain disease or injury and marked by memory disorders, personality changes, and impaired reasoning. Such onformation might be useful in education or in treating disability or dementia.
demographics (noun)
демографічні показники (дані, що стосуються населення та різних груп у ньому) data relating to the population and different groups within it
timber (noun)
деревина, будівельний ліс trees that are grown to be used in building or for making things
tree resin
деревна смола A thick, slowly flowing liquid produced by plants that can harden into a solid The embalming substances turned out to include fairly exotic materials, such as oils, beeswax, sugar gum and tree resins and were as complex as those used for human mummification.
deregulate
дерегуляція, зменшити норми to reduce regulations Airlines were deregulated so airlines could set their routes nnd fares themselves.
state (noun)
держава, уряд країни the government of a country One is a model in which the state assumes primary responsibility for the welfare of itss citizens and in which all aspects of welfare are considered to be the right of every citizen.
civil servant (noun)
державний службовець is an administrator who works for the government
jingle (noun)
дзвін a short song or tune that is easy to remember and is used in advertising on radio or television
dictate
диктувати to make (something) necessary to say or state (sth) with authority or power A hands-off approach is dictated, where change is essential to the artist's meaning.
dilemma (noun)
дилема, необхідність вибору a situation which makes problems, often one in which you have to make a very difficult choice between things of equal importance synonym predicament
fumes
дим, випари, різкий запах strong, unpleasant, and sometimes dangerous gas or smoke
distributor (noun)
дистриб'ютор, постачальник, агент по продажу a person or company that supplies goods to shops/stores, etc.
to some, (what, such an, certain...) extent
до певної міри The rise of mass circulation magazines, radio broadcasting and to a lesser extent, motion pictures provided new media for advertisements to reach consumers.
well-brought up (adj)
добре вихований have a good manner
well-bred (adj)
добре вихований having or showing good manners; typical of a high social class
bonanza
добрий врожай A source of great wealth; something that brings great riches Have foragers recently discovered a bonanza of tasty seeds?
gullible (adj)
довірливий, легковірний too willing to believe or accept what other people tell you and therefore easily tricked, being naive
tend
доглядати, прагнути to take care of As the tasks of providing food, clothing and shelter were divided between men and women in tribal societies, she says, women became the primary weavers because they could perform that activity while tending children.
spike with
додавати щось із запахом to add something that gives flavor or interest to (something) - usually + with Vitamin water drinks, spiked with nutrients such as taurine, vitamin C, calcium and potassium, can be found on shelves of gourmet shops and supermarkets.
dose (noun)
доза an amount of a medicine or a drug that is taken once, or regularly over a period of time
make a concerted effort
докладати спільні зусилля We are making a concerted effort to solve this problem.
precious (adj)
дорогоцінний (adj) of great value because of being rare, expensive, or importan
precious metal
дорогоцінний метал a metal that is valuable and usually rare
expertise
досвід, компетентність, спеціальні знання (експертиза) specialized skill or technical knowledge; know-how; expertness Studying cloth can teach us about the expertise of early peoples.
sophisticated
досвідчений clever and complicated in the way that it works or is presented
to culminate in sth
досягти кінцівки в чомусь to reach the highest point Physics was the first science to be transformed by accurate information, initially with telescopes that revealed the heavens and culminating in massive modern-day experiments like the Large Hadron Collider in Switzerland.
revenue
дохід, прибуток money that is collected for public use by a government through taxes To combat this problem, governments should, first of all, heavily tax junk food and use the revenue generated to subsidise healthy fruit and vegetables.
plank (noun)
дошка a long narrow flat piece of wood that is used for making floors, etc.
prehistoric (adj)
доісторичний connected with the time in history before information was written down
drama
драма a play for the theatre, television or radio
dramatic
драматичний exciting and impressive With the mountains all around it's a very dramatic landscape and the view from my room was breathtaking.
irritating
дратуючий annoying, especially because of something somebody continuously does or something that continuously happens
tantalizing
дратівливий, спокусливий tempting; tormenting or teasing by keeping something in sight but out of reach The experience can be tantalising and frustrating, since advertisements don't readily proclaim their intent or display the social and cultural context of their creation.
petty crime
дрібний злочин a type of crime that is not considered serious when compared with some other crimes Vandals are generally seen as petty criminals.
in the blink of an eye
дуже швидко, за короткий час, вмить very quickly; in a short time She's always telling me that time passes in the blink of an eye and I should make the most of every moment of it.
in next to no time
дуже-дуже швидко so soon or so quickly that it is surprising Then, in next to no time, you're an adult and time seems to speed up
nuclear fission
ділення ядер A nuclear reaction in which a massive nucleus splits into smaller nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy Just as the discovery of nuclear fission raised moral dilemmas for physicists, and genetic modification is now doing for biologists, so the ability to predict human behaviour is presenting new quandaries for social scientists.
self-centred (adj)
егоцентричний, егоїстичний tending to think only about yourself and not thinking about the needs or feelings of other people (selfish)
self-absorbed (adj)
егоїстичний only concerned about or interested in yourself (selfish)
eco-friendly (adj)
екологічно чистий (adj) * products have been designed to do the least possible damage to the environment
eccentric (adj)
ексцентричний, дивакуватий a person who is considered by other people to be strange or unusual
emu
ему an Australian bird that does not fly but is a very fast runner
issuer
емітент, роздавач, видавець party that issues the bond (the borrower) Many credit card issuers, for example, choose not deny a transaction that would put the cardholder over his or her credit limit, it's more profitable to let the customer overspend and then impose penalties.
energy crisis
енергетична криза the lack of oil
vigorous
енергійний strong, healthy, and full of energy Even vigorous housework or heavy gardening can help avert heart disease.
episode
епізод one part of a story that is broadcast on television or radio in several parts
erosion (noun)
ерозія the process by which the surface of something is gradually destroyed through the action of wind, rain, etc. This in turn contributes to climate change, which warms up the planet.
designer label
етикетка дизайнера hugo boss etc.
ethical
етичний (Має відношення до моралі, цінностей, правильних і неправильних) Having to do with morals, values, right and wrong While advertising generated modern anxieties about its social and ethical implications, it nevertheless acquired a new centrality in the 1920s.
abysmal (adj)
жахливий extremely bad or of a very low standard synonym terrible The play was supposed to be a tragedy, but the acting was so bad it made me want to laugh not cry!
atrocious
жахливий horrifyingly wicked
appalling
жахливий shocking; extremely bad
housing estate (noun)
житловий масив an area in which a large number of houses or flats/apartments are planned and built together at the same time
compound
з'єднати, змішати to make (something, such as an error or problem) worse :to add to (something bad)
come at the cost of
за ціною It seems that housing our growing population *s * * * * providing much needed food.
arrest someone for
заарештувати когось за
contaminated (adj)
забруднений, заражений to make a substance or place dirty or no longer pure by adding a substance that is dangerous or carries disease
contaminate (verb)
забруднювати, заражати to make a substance or place dirty or no longer pure by adding a substance that is dangerous or carries disease
be snowed under
завалений, загружений проблемами чи справами to have so much work that you have problems dealing with it all
invasive
загарбницький, насильницький, агресивний spreading very quickly and difficult to stop
hardened criminal
загартований чи закорінний злочинець criminal who does not want to change it's behavior He was a hardened criminal with a long list of previous convictions.
exacerbate
загострювати, поглиблювати to make something worse, especially a disease or problem synonym aggravate
legitimate
законний (adj.) lawful, rightful; reasonable, justifiable The first stems from a legitimate attempt to create value by giving customers a broa set of options.
pour liquid
залити рідиною
remnants (noun)
залишки a part of something that is left after the other parts have been used, removed, destroyed, etc. synonym remains In some areas, we've fpund remnants of ancient villages buried beneath deep layers of sediment.
entice
заманювати, спокушати to persuade somebody/something to go somewhere or to do something, usually by offering them something Department stores often use smells and sounds to entice shoppers into their stores. I know my young son often gets sidetracked when these images suddenly appear and entice him to 'click' here to win $1 million'!
substitute
замінити, заміна a good that can be used in place of another good In establishing guidelines for the conversation of modern art, Ms Mancusi-Ungaro said that there is no substitute for the artist's voice.
immerse in
занурити в to put (something) in a liquid so that all parts are completely covered Good immerses the threads in a solution to tease apart the strands of protein.
stockpile (noun)
запас a large supply of something that is kept to be used in the future if necessary The report calls this stockpilign an increase in the 'national wardrobe', which is considered to represent a potentionally large quantity of latent waste that will eventually enter the solid waste stream.
avert
запобігати (v.) to turn aside, turn away; to prevent, avoid Even vigorous housework or heavy gardening can help avert heart disease.
brimming with sth.
заповнений чимось full (of), filled (with) Their shopping bags are brimming with new purchases as they talk excitedly about what's in style this summer.
taint
запоганювати to make sth dangerous or dirty especially by adding sth harmful or undesirable to it. Furthermore, when it comes to elections, the coverage in the majority of newspapers is generally tainted with political bias.
tuck in
заправити to put (something) in a particular place usually to hide it, hold it, or make it safe We can observe this principle in the real world in the sport of ice skating, where the skaters manage to spin incredibly fast by tucking their hands in close to their body.
contagious (adj)
заразний, інфекційний a disease spreads by people touching each other
earnings
заробіток the amount of money that someone is paid for working
self-important (adj)
зарозумілий, пихатий thinking that you are more important than other people synonym arrogant
reassure
заспокоювати to say or do something that makes somebody less frightened or worried
obsolescence
застарілість state of being no longer useful or in fashion In her book Waste and Want: A social History of Trash, Susan Strasser, a professor of history at the University of Delaware, traces the 'progressive obsolence' of clothing and other consumer goods to the 1920s.
congeal
застигати, заморожувати (v.) to change from liquid to solid, thicken; to make inflexible or rigid The impact radically changed our planet, expelling a huge amount of debris that eventually congealed into our oversied moon.
convict
засуджений person serving a prison sentence Coal wasn't found until 1791, when some convicts managed to escape and got as far as Newcastle.
convicted criminal
засуджений злочинець to decide officially in a law court that someone is guilty of a crime
censure
засуджувати, оцінювати, критикувати to criticize; to blame
condemn sb to sth
засудити когось за щось to cause (someone) to suffer or live in difficult or unpleasant conditions - + to We used to think that not having a degree would condemn you to a job or in a service sector.
eclipse (noun)
затемнення an occasion when the moon passes between the earth and the sun so that you cannot see all or part of the sun for a time; an occasion when the earth passes between the moon and the sun so that you cannot see all or part of the moon for a time
the calm before the storm
затишшя перед грозою a quiet or peaceful period before a period during which there is great activity, argument, or difficulty Although the unemployment figures dropped today, experts believe this may eb the calm before the storm, with hundreds of job losses predicted for the coming approach.
traffic congestion (noun)
затори на дорогах Congested roads and towns have too much traffic and movement is made difficult. Traffic congestion creates enormous problems for people travelling around the city at peak times
protracted
затяжний Extended in time; prolonged The two galaxies underwent a protracted crash lasting two billionyears.
capture
захопити to take someone as a prisoner, or to take something into your possession, especially by force
thrilling (adj)
захоплюючий (adj) exciting and enjoyable I was expecting the circus acts to be really daring and exciting to watch, but it was all a bit disappointing.
breathtaking
захоплюючий very exciting or impressive (usually in a pleasant way) With the mountains all around it's a very dramatic landscape and the view from my room was breathtaking.
spectacular
захоплюючий, вражаючи, видовищний very impressive synonym breathtaking As for the views, they were just spectacular.
fascinating
захоплюючий. чарівний extremely interesting and attractive
dwell on
зациклюватися на, затримуватися на, задуматися над to think or talk a lot about something, especially something it would be better to forget Depressed people dwell on personal problems, breaking them down into smaller components.
Well-rounded
збалансований, самодостатній having a personality that is fully developed in all aspects
bewildered
збентежений, спантеличений, здивований completely puzzled or confused; perplexed Other fear there will be so many claims they will just become more noise to already bewildered consumers. bewilderingly And yet, since the mid-1970s, when the disposable income of 80% of the US population virtually stopped growing, our spending patterns have bewildering ly continued expanding.
preserve
зберегти to keep a particular quality, feature, etc.; to make sure that something is kept
retain
зберігати * something to keep something; to continue to have something synonym preserve
bind
зв'язувати bound Health club companies also have a long history of luring customers with attractive short-term offers, assaulting them with aggressive sales pitches, and then binding them with long-term contracts.
dump
звалище, кинути, викидати to get rid of something you do not want, especially in a place which is not suitable
winding
звивистий not straight, curvy Go to Bhutan, and you may well find yourself driving for hours along terrifying, winding mountain passes and then climbing to a monastery perched on a cliff that seems to defy all laws of physics.
accuse someone of
звинуватити когось у to say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind
offset
зводити баланс, змістити to balance, counteract or compensate for Such charges may have been conceived as a way to deter undesirable customer behaviour and offset the cost that business incur as a result of that behaviour.
hence
звідси, віднині away from here Hence a goal of the center is to create an archive of videotaped interviews with artists.
flock
зграя A group of sheep or poultry
pack (noun)
зграя a group of animals that hunt together or are kept for hunting packs of savage dogs wolves hunting in packs a pack of hounds
disastrous (adj)
згубний (adj) very bad, harmful or unsuccessful
afar
здалеку far away Scholars held that any silk dating from 2400 to 700 B.C. was carried afar on trade routes from China.
prey (noun)
здобич, жертва an animal, a bird, etc. that is hunted, killed and eaten by another
loot
здобич, пограбовані речі чи гроші [noncount] something that is stolen or taken by force informal :money And after you get all the loot home, then what?
implement
здійснювати, виконувати, реалізувати To put into action; execute With the prevalence of social media, Janda said it is now more important than ever for companies to implement systems that are geared towards managing unhappy customers.
burrow (noun)
земляна нора a hole or tunnel in the ground made by animals such as rabbits for them to live in
hibernate
зимувати to spend the winter in a state like deep sleep bat is a nocturnal, hibernating mammal
offence
злочин, правопорушення, образа an illegal act synonym crime But the study suggests that community service may be just as suitable a form of punishment for minor offences.
criminal activity
злочинна діяльність
juvenile crime
злочинність неповнолітніх crime commited by young person If young people become involved in juvenile crime, they are more likely to have a criminal record when they are older.
to vie for sth
змагатися за щось (v.) to compete; to strive for victory or superiority In an era when conventional medicine seldom provided cures, these manufacturers vied for consumer attention with large, often outrageous, promises and colourful, dramatic advertisements.
solidify
зміцнити to become solid; to make something solid
knowledge
знання, досвід, розуміння Skills, experience, and expertise 1 Thanks to a few classes at university, I have * Russian 2 Since the news report, details of the business deal are now *. 3 Being a political reporter requires * national and international affairs. 4 Visiting the country did so much to * the language and the people 5 The Spanish course is for absolute beginners so no *.
know which way the wind is blowing
знати, в який бік дме вітер to get an idea of what is likely to happen before doing something
finds (noun)
знахідка, відкриття a thing or person that has been found, especially one that is interesting, valuable or useful an important archaeological find
rebate (noun)
знижка an amount of money that is taken away from the cost of something, before you pay for it synonym discount For a car dealership, Janda said this could mean promotions that don't focus on a hard-sell approach but rather on providing relevant information such as the availability of rebates for the customer.
demolish
зносити, зруйнувати to pull or knock down a building
frayed
зношений worn away or tattered along the edges Until recently, these remains were usually overlooked because they were frayed. discoloured or too fragile to withstand the rigours of analysis.
goiter
зоб (збільшення щитовидної залози) enlargement of the thyroid gland The introduction of iodine to Morton Salt in 1924 was instrumental in eradicating a dangerous thyroid condition called goiter from the U.S. population.
oblige
зобов'язувати somebody to do something to force somebody to do something, by law, because it is a duty, etc
golden
золотий made of gold
metropolitan area
зона метрополітену a large city and its suburbs A megacity is usually defined as a metropolitan area with a total population in excess of ten million people
probe
зонд, космічна ракета, випробовувати (v.) to examine, investigate thoroughly; (n.) an investigation; a device used to explore or examine That x-rays, ultraviolet and infrared photography, and chemical analysis - tools used to probe works centuries old - are now being employed on more recent art confirms that modernism has entered history.
to soar from ... to ...
зрости від ... до ... to fly high Air traffic figures soared from 205 million in 1975 before deregulation...
irrigation
зрошення Supplying land with water through a network of canals In response to a drying of cropland, people are likely to seek either new sources of irrigation water or new, wetter areas to farm.
comfortable
зручний, комфортний making you feel physically relaxed; pleasant to wear, sit on, etc. Train travel cost only 1.3 cents per passenger mile and was still more comfortable.
halt
зупиняти to stop Joseph Beuys, for instance, used organic materials like fat or honey precisely because of their tendency to change over time; to halt that process would be to falsify the work in critical ways.
corrupt
зіпсований (той, що змінився від хорошого до поганого) changed from good to bad While making education a priority, he restricted corrupting influences like television (which was introduced only in 1999) and required citizens to wear the nation's traditional kimono-like garb.
collide
зіткнутися if two people, vehicles, etc. *, they crash into each other; if a person, vehicle, etc. *s with another, or with something that is not moving, they crash into it
iodine
йод The introduction of iodine to Morton Salt in 1924 was instrumental in eradicating a dangerous thyroid condition called goiter from the U.S. population.
go hand in hand with
йти рука об руку з, ставатися одночасно з happens at the same time or as a result of These are not only technical but conceptual, since the use of the new materials - many of them never meant to last - often went hand in hand with a disdain for the traditional notion of the artwork as a precious artifact and embodiment of eternal values.
puddle (noun)
калюжа a small amount of water or other liquid, especially rain, that has collected in one place on the ground
sewage system (noun)
каналізаційна система the system of carrying away waste water and human waste from houses and other buildings through large underground pipes or passages An efficient sewage system and frequent garbage collection are both essential to maintaining sanitation in densely populated areas
capsule (noun)
капсула a small container which has a measured amount of a medicine inside and which dissolves when you swallow it
overhaul
капітальний ремонт, перебудова to change sth completely in order to improve it to renovate In some cases, technological advances served to overhaul industries in a lightning-fast pace.
a quarry
кар'єр a large artificial hole in the ground where stone is dug for use as building material At first, this mining was limited to the quarrying and shaping of local sandstones, which they used for the first buildings at Sydney Cove.
punish
карати, наказувати to make somebody suffer because they have broken the law or done something wrong
potassium carbonate
карбонат калію When the researchers tested the baths on fibres from milkweed plants and rabbit hair, only one combination - sumac, bedstraw, and potassium carbonate - produced a deep red that was colourfast.
catastrophe (noun)
катастрофа a sudden event that causes many people to suffer synonym disaster
catastrophic (adj)
катастрофічний (adj) causing a lot of damage and suffering
remorse
каятися to regret Just as American as the need to buy, social observers say, is buyer's remorse.
operate a machine
керувати машиною
executive
керівник, виконавчий a person who manages or directs other people in a company or organization However, in our conversations with dozens of executives in various industries we found that many firms have unwittingly fallen into this trap.
acid rain (noun)
кислотний дощ rain that contains harmful chemicals from factory gases and that damages trees, crops and buildings Clearly, a long-term viable solution that does not produce acid rain and is not damaging to the environment is needed.
lay
класти to put somebody/something in a particular position, especially when it is done gently or carefully
cloning (noun)
клонування a plant or an animal that is produced naturally or artificially from the cells of another plant or animal and is therefore exactly the same as it
climatic
кліматичний connected with the climate of a particular area
client
клієнт a customer or someone who receives services
quilt
ковдра a decorative cover for a bed, made of two layers with soft material between them Before then, and especially during World War I, most clothing was repaired, mended or tailored to fit other family members, or recycled within the home as rags or quilts.
colony (noun)
колонія, поселення a group of plants or animals living or growing in one place A ant colony can solve problems unthinkable to individual ants, such as finding the shortest path to the best food source, allocating workers to different tasks, or defending territory from neighbours.
colossal
колосальний, грандіозний, величезний extremely large The surface of the planet is covered in colossal volcanoes, much larger than any on Earth.
colourfast
кольоростійкий how well a fabric keeps dyes applied to it, even through regular washing When the researchers tested the baths on fibres from milkweed plants and rabbit hair, only one combination - sumac, bedstraw, and potassium carbonate - produced a deep red that was colourfast.
compact
компактний smaller than other things of the same kind
commission
комісія The California Walnut Commision, for example, wanted permission to put this claim on packages of walnut, which are high in Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
condensation (noun)
конденсація, згущення drops of water that form on a cold surface when warm water vapour becomes cool
connote
конотувати, викликати смислові асоціації to imply something beyond a literal meaning Functional foods, or 'phoods' as they're sometimes called to connote the intersection of food and pharmaceuticals, have been trickling into supermarkets over the past several years - think of calcium-enhanced orange juice and cholesterol-lowering margarine, for example.
conservative (adj)
консервативний opposed to great or sudden social change; showing that you prefer traditional styles and values There are those who observe these social mores religiously, and those people are often labelled conservative.
conceptual
концептуальний, узгоджений (пов'язаний з ідеями або заснований на них) related to or based on ideas
conceptualism (noun)
концептуалізм (теорія про те, що універсали можна сказати, що існує, але лише як поняття в розумі.) the theory that general ideas such as 'beauty' and 'red' exist only as ideas in the mind
corrosion
корозія, іржавіння the gradual wearing away of a metal element due to a chemical reaction
credit limit
кредитний ліміт the maximum amount that you may charge on your credit account Think of the cell or mobile phone service, and banking and credit card industries, each of which now profits from customers who fail to understand or follow the rules about minute use, minium balances, overdrafts, credit limits, or payment deadline.
credit rating
кредитний рейтинг a calculation of someone's ability to pay back money that they have borrowed
creditor
кредитор A person to whom money is owed 'Not only is it bad for creditors, but it also seriously harms a filer's credit rating, affecting the availability and cost of future loans.
crisis (noun)
криза, критичний момент a time of great danger, difficulty or confusion when problems must be solved or important decisions must be made
criminal offence
кримінальний злочин
brittle
крихкий, ламкий fragile All material objects age; paper and silk discolor and turn brittle.
flagrant
кричущий, обурливий, жахливий glaringly bad; outrageous Of course, only the most flagrant companies would explicitly persuade customers into making bad choices.
sales pitch
крок чи стратегія продажів what a salesperson says about a product to persuade people to buy it Health club companies also have a long history of luring customers with attractive short-term offers, assaulting them with aggressive sales pitches, and then binding them with long-term contracts.
turn a wheel
крутити колесо
maize
кукурудза An early form of corn grown by Native Americans That's right - take the research on the maize crop they mentioned.
cultivate
культивувати, вирощувати to develop an attitude, a way of talking or behaving, etc In a recent study, Swinda Janda and collaborator Hong-Youl Ha of South Korea's Kangwon National University explored how businesses can cultivate and keep loyal customers and how relationships between businesses and customers mirror human relationships.
culture
культура the customs and beliefs, art, way of life and social organization of a particular country or group
cyberspace (noun)
кіберпростір the imaginary place where electronic messages, etc. exist while they are being sent between computers
lava (noun)
лава hot liquid rock that comes out of a volcano
incense
ладан, кадило a substance that is used often in religious ceremonies to produce a strong and pleasant smell when it is burned verb Stepping over the high threshold and into the inner sanctuary, you can barely see, because the room is dark and the air is thick with a mixture of smoke from the gas lamps and incense.
varnish
лак paint that provides a hard glossy transparent coating Putting varnish on wood is one way of preserving it.
llama
лама a domestic pack animal
latent
латентний, прихований hidden, present but not realized The report calls this stockpilign an increase in the 'national wardrobe', which is considered to represent a potentionally large quantity of latent waste that will eventually enter the solid waste stream.
flow
литися, протікати to move in one direction, especially continuously and easily:
disaster (noun)
лихо, катастрофа an unexpected event, such as a very bad accident, a flood or a fire, that kills a lot of people or causes a lot of damage synonym catastrophe
hypocritical
лицемірний pretending to have moral standards or opinions that you do not actually have I'm not a vegetarian so I think it would be hypocritical of me to insist on rights for animals.
scales
луска the small, thin, flat plates that help protect the bodies of fish and reptiles
human endeavour
людські зусилля (зусилля людей в загальному зробити щось нове або складне) effort by people in general to do something new or difficult Building the pyramids was an amazing feat of human endeavour.
ferocious
лютий, жорстокий very great or extreme Much of our ferocious consumption arises simply from the sheer number of goods available.
daunting (adj)
лякаючий (adj) making somebody feel nervous and less confident about doing something; likely to make somebody feel this way synonym intimidating Indeed, when you are faced with a daunting problem, feeling depressed is often a useful response that may help you analyse and solve it.
leader of the opposition (noun)
лідер опозиції is in charge of the biggest political party not in power.
chronicler
літописець person who records historical information Over a century ago, Harper's Weekly commented that advertisements were 'a true mirror of life, a sort of fossil history which the future chronicler, if all other historical monements were to be lost, might fully and graphically rewrite the history of our time'.
magnetic
магнітний connected with or produced by magnetism
landfill site
майданчик звалища Large area in which rubbish is left. When it comes to clothing, the rate of purchase and disposal has dramatically increased, so the path that a T-shirt travels from the sales floor to the landfill site has become shorter.
assets
майно something valuable belonging to a person or organization that can be used for the payment of debts
there aren't enough hours in the day
мало часу, занадто зайнятий not to much time, too busy it just goes so fast and there aren't enough hours in the day to get everything done.
dummy
манекен chiefly US informal :a stupid person As individuals, ants might be tiny dummies, but as colonies they respond quickly and effectively to their environment.
margarine
маргарин is a butter-like product made from refined vegetable oils. Functional foods, or 'phoods' as they're sometimes called to connote the intersection of food and pharmaceuticals, have been trickling into supermarkets over the past several years - think of calcium-enhanced orange juice and cholesterol-lowering margarine, for example.
marketing (noun)
маркетинг the activity of presenting, advertising and selling a company's products or services in the best possible way
marble (noun)
мармур a type of hard stone that is usually white and often has coloured lines in it. It can be polished and is used in building and for making statues, etc.
mass branding
масове брендування But, according to Professor James Twitchell, mass branding also spurred us to shop.
have time on your hands
мати купа вільного часу, не мати шо робити, не бути зайнятим to have nothing to do or not be busy I remember the summer holidays went on for ages and I had so much time on my hands.
feel entitled to be entitled to
мати право на to have rights and privileges In some countries, you are intitled to free medical care.
have diverse tastes
мати різноманітні смаки I * quite * * in music - I enjoy opera and rap.
furnish
меблювати, обставляти, забезпечувати to supply with furniture; to supply with what is needed
metropolis
мегаполіс (n.) a large city; the chief city of an area A mega city can be a single metropolitan area or two or more areas that converge or join together. This is sometimes referred to as a metropolis
A megacity/ a megalopolis
мегаполіс A * is usually defined as a metropolitan area with a total population in excess of ten million people)
minority(noun)
меншість the smaller part of a group; less than half of the people or things in a large group
mayor (noun)
мер, міський голова is the leader of the group which governs a town or city.
metalloids
металоїди (Елементи, які мають властивості як металів, так і неметалів.) Elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals. Examples include mixtures of petroleum hydrocarbons, metals and metalloids in mining and pesticides on or in the food we consume.
fidget
метушитися
unwittingly
мимовільно Unknowingly; without awareness However, in our conversations with dozens of executives in various industries we found that many firms have unwittingly fallen into this trap.
a passing trend
минаючий тренд
bygone (adj)
минуле, пережитий happening or existing a long time ago a * age/era The exhebition contains faded photographs reminding us of a bygone era.
instant celebrities
миттєві знаменитості
mobilise
мобілізувати Prepare military forces for war During World War II, consumption rose with increased employment as the United States mobilised for the war.
broadcaster
мовник. диктор a person whose job is presenting or talking on television or radio programmes
fashion accessory
модний аксесуар an extra piece of equipment that is useful but not essential or that can be added to something else as a decoration
opportunities (noun)
можливості a time when a particular situation makes it possible to do or achieve something synonym chance
opportunity
можливість, нагода an occasion or situation that makes it possible to do something that you want to do or have to do, or the possibility of doing something
monastery
монастир A place where communities of monks live lives of devotion to God in isolation from the outside world Go to Bhutan, and you may well find yourself driving for hours along terrifying, winding mountain passes and then climbing to a monastery perched on a cliff that seems to defy all laws of physics.
freezing (adj)
морозильний, дуже холодний (adj) extremely cold
uncanny
моторошний, надприродний strange, mysterious, weird, beyond explanation Thomas Seeley, a biologist at Cornell University, has been looking into the uncanny ability of honeybees to make good decisions.
migrate (adj)
мігруючий (adj) to move from one town, country, etc. to go and live and/or work in another synonym emigrate
minuscule
мінімальний extremely small
scale
міра, розмір, масштаб a set of numbers, amounts, etc., used to measure or compare the level of something the relation between
Urbanite
міський житель city dweller So I really had no choice but to become an urbanite
tensile
на розтяг, розтяжний capable of being stretched Among those inventions that he is credited with are the strut bridge, the machine for testing the tensile strength of wire and even our modern day scissors.
raid
набіг, наліт a sudden short attack How else could ants organise highways, build elaborate nests, stage epic raids and do all of the other things ants do?
impose
нав'язувати, зобов'язувати to force someone to accept or put up with; to take unfair advantage of; impressive Many credit card issuers, for example, choose not deny a transaction that would put the cardholder over his or her credit limit, it's more profitable to let the customer overspend and then impose penalties.
on-the-job training
навчання на роботі, навчання на робочому місці Employee training at the place of work while he or she is doing the actual job.
surfeit
надмір, надлишок, переїдання an excessive amount of thing synonyms: excess, surplus, abundance, oversupply, superabundance, superfluity, glut, avalanche, deluge; overdose; informalbellyful, gutful, buttload ";a surfeit of apples"; Origin Middle English: from Old French *, based on Latin super- 'above, in excess' + facere 'do.' The destruction of food crops can result from both a lack or a surfeit of water.
overexploitation
надмірна експлуатація excessive use of species that have economic value Threats such as habitat loss, overexploitation, pollution, invasive non-native species, disease and climate change are on the side.
inflate
надувати To fill with air or other gas First, you inflate the balloon and then you put sticky tape on it, but don't tell the students you've done this.
essential items
найважливіші предмети As a student, I had barely any money, just enough for a few (things I really needed).
cutting-edge
найсучасніший the newest, most advanced stage in the development of something
plaster
наложити гіпс чи пластир to cover (a surface) with plaste There's a street I walk down everyday and the walls are plastered with flyers for new bands and events.
influx
наплив a flowing or pouring in; arrival in massive numbers The huge influx of people and a lack of cheap housing led to an increase in slums in the area.
assertive (adj)
наполегливий, самовпевнений expressing opinions or desires strongly and with confidence, so that people take notice
to persist in, to insist on
наполягати to continue despite difficulty How or why they persist in ringing at that time, I just don't know.
violence
насильство violent behaviour that is intended to hurt or kill somebody
mound
насип, курган, малий пагорб a small hill Among the fabric samples Jakes has anaysed are carbonised scraps from Hopewell burial sites, which were typically earth mounds.
consequences (noun)
наслідки a result of something that has happened
implication
наслідок a possible future effect or result - usually plural "Sociologists have been hunting for laws about human interactions and social networks for decades,' says Duncan Watts of Yahoo Research in New York, 'but the far-reaching implications of their theories have been effectively impossible to tes
have the time of your life
насолоджуватися життям, отримувати найкращі відчуття в житті to enjoy yourself very much They just want to go out and have the time of their life!
spine-chilling (adj)
настільки страшний, що аж мурашки по шкірі ідуть (adj) frightening in an exciting way Last week I saw a horror movie, and the special effects were so realistic it was really scary to watch.
push a button press a button
натиснути на кнопку
press a switch
натисніть на перемикач
inspirational (adj)
натхненний (adj) providing inspiration
inspiration
натхнення the process that takes place when somebody sees or hears something that causes them to have exciting new ideas or makes them want to create something, especially in art, music or literature
petrochemicals (noun)
нафтохімія, хімічні продукти з нафти any chemical substance obtained from petroleum oil or natural gas
disposable income
наявний дохід money they are free to spend after paying taxes And yet, since the mid-1970s, when the disposable income of 80% of the US population virtually stopped growing, our spending patterns have bewildering ly continued expanding.
not have the foggiest idea
не мати ні найменшого уявлення to not know or understand something at all To be honest, I don't think the present government have the foggiest idea what to do about either drug problems or obesity.
overlook
не помічати leave undone or leave out; watch over Until recently, these remains were usually overlooked because they were frayed. discoloured or too fragile to withstand the rigours of analysis.
setback (noun)
невдача, затримка a difficulty or problem that delays or prevents something, or makes a situation worse We experienced a minor setback when we lost several plants, but the rest are thriving
mistrust
недовіряти o have no confidence in somebody/something because you think they may be harmful; to not trust somebody/something Someone who has experience of corruptionmight mistrust your intentions.
misjudge
недооцінювати, неправильно судити to form a wrong opinion about a person or situation, especially in a way that makes you deal with them or it unfairly Someone who forms the wrong opinion of people will misjudge them.
inept
недоречний, невмілий unskilled; clumsy 'If you watch an ant trying to accomplish something, you'll be impressed by how inept it is,' says Deborah M Gordon, a biologist at Standford University.
unleaded (adj)
неетилований, безсвинцевий (adj) * petrol or other substance does not contain lead
memorable
незабутній, пам'ятний special, good or unusual and therefore worth remembering or easy to remember synonym unforgettable The most memorable place I've ever visited was Bhutan
poach
незаконно полювати, браконьєр to illegally hunt birds, animals or fish on somebody else's property or without permission
exposure (noun)
незахищеність the state of being in a place or situation where there is no protection from something harmful or unpleasant
clumsy (adj)
незграбний, неповороткий moving or doing things in a very awkward way
insurmountable (adj)
нездоланний (adj) that cannot be dealt with successfully Each individual component is less problematic, so what begins as an insurmountable problem is far less difficult.
invariably
незмінно, постійно always; without changing What I find most annoying is when I'm getting dinner ready, the phone invariably rings and it's someone trying to sell me something.
insignificance (noun)
незначність, беззмістовність the fact of not being big or valuable enough to be considered important
imminent peril
неминуча небезпека danger that likely to happen. From government ministers to rice farmers, every Bhutanese you speak with will declare that his country is in constant, imminent peril.
unavoidable
неминучий impossible to avoid or prevent
precarious
ненадійний not safe or certain; dangerous So a lot of buildings seem really precarious, they're sort of built into the mountainside and seem to just perch there.
insatiable appetite
ненаситний апетит Appears never to get enough food Why is our appetite for 'stuff' so insatiable?
a must-have item
необхідний предмет used to tell people that something is so good or interesting that they should see, read, get it, etc.
essential (adj)
необхідний, важливий completely necessary; extremely important in a particular situation or for a particular activity
immeasurable
неосяжний, невимірний too large, great, etc. to be measured
imperceptible
непомітний very small and therefore unable to be seen or felt; opposite perceptible
inconsistency (noun)
непослідовність, мінливість the tendency to change too often and not stay the same
fickle
непостійний, нестабільний likely to change on a whim or without apparent reason That taught me how fickle the world of fashion can be.
misdiagnose
неправильно діагнозувати to give an explanation of the nature of an illness or a problem that is not correct A doctor might misdiagnose a disorder.
misunderstand
неправильно зрозуміти to fail to understand somebody/something correctly Someone trying to work out what something means might misunderstand or misinterpret.
misinterpret
неправильно тлумачити to understand something/somebody wrongly Someone trying to work out what something means might misunderstand or misinterpret.
misinform
неправильно інформувати, дезорієнтувати to give somebody wrong information about something A person deliberately telling someone something incorrect might misinform them.
indecisive (adj)
нерішучий of a person unable to make decisions
infinitesimal (adj)
нескінченно малий, найдрібніший extremely small synonym tiny
malfunction
несправність To function imperfectly or badly Depression is an ongoing and pervasive problem in our society, and it poses something of an evolutionary paradox: the brain plays a crucial role in our survival, so evolution should have left our brains resistant to such high rates of malfunction
unconventional (adj)
нетрадиційний, нешаблонний not following what is done or considered normal or acceptable by most people; different and interesting Of course, there will always be those who seek to break away from tradition, adn to rebel. These people see themselves as unconventional in every sense of the world.
inconsiderate (adj)
неуважний (до інших) not giving enough thought to other people's feelings or needs
impartial
неупереджений, справедливий not supporting one person or group more than another I'm pretty impartial when it comes to animals.
unheard-of
нечувано, неслихано, ніколи раніше не бувало never having happened before In the 1880s, several industries adopted new production techniques that created standardised products in unheard-of quantities, and sought to find and persuade buyers.
current (adj)
нинішній, поточний (adj) happening now; of the present time
thread (noun)
нитка a thin string of cotton, wool, silk, etc. used for sewing or making cloth
thread
нитка filament Good immerses the threads in a solution to tease apart the strands of protein.
strand
нитка, прядка a beach or shore; a string of wire, hair, etc. Good immerses the threads in a solution to tease apart the strands of protein.
new-found fame
ново-знайдена слава recently discovered or achieved
norm (noun)
норма a situation or a pattern of behaviour that is usual or expected Those who fail to observe these norms are inevitably excluded from that group.
rhinoceros
носоріг large animal with one or two horns on its snout hippopotamus which spends most of its time in water
tedious (adj)
нудний (adj) lasting or taking too long and not interesting synonym boring I really enjoy his plays before, but this one was so boring that I was asleep by the third act.
not a cloud in the sky
ні хмаринки на небі, чисте небо
nocturnal
нічний active at night bat is a nocturnal, hibernating mammal
amalgamate
об'єднати to put two or more things together so that they form one synonym merge
rotate
обертати to move or turn around a central fixed point; to make something do this The next experiment is called the arm engine, and for this one you need a chair that can swivel or rotate and some small hand weights.
revolve
обертатися to go in a circle around a central point
fraud
обман, шахрайство wrongful or criminal deception intended to result in financial or personal gain The school banned social networking sites when internet fraud became a problem
figurative (adj)
образний, переносний (adj) used in a way that is different from the usual meaning, in order to create a particular mental picture. For example, 'He exploded with rage' shows a figurative use of the verb 'explode'.
votive offering
оброчну пропозицію (дар подяки божеству, який зазвичай робиться у виконанні обітниці) a gift of gratitude to a deity usually made in fulfillment of a vow The Egyptians preserved millions of mammals, birds and reptiles as votive offerings.
outrageous
обурливий, образливий very shocking and unacceptable synonym scandalous In an era when conventional medicine seldom provided cures, these manufacturers vied for consumer attention with large, often outrageous, promises and colourful, dramatic advertisements.
abominable (adj)
огидний, бридкий extremely unpleasant and causing disgust synonym appalling, disgusting
declare
оголошувати, заявляти, декларувати announce publicly or officially From government ministers to rice farmers, every Bhutanese you speak with will declare that his country is in constant, imminent peril.
peer (noun)
одноліток a person who is the same age or who has the same social status as you
garment
одяг a piece of clothing In her 2005 book the Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy, Pietra Rivoli, a professor at Georgetown University, writes that each year Americans purchase approximately one billion garments made in China, equivalent of four pieces of clothing for every US citizen.
garb
одяг (для певного випадку чи події) clothing of a distinctive style or for a particular occasion While making education a priority, he restricted corrupting influences like television (which was introduced only in 1999) and required citizens to wear the nation's traditional kimono-like garb.
an opal
опал a precious stone gem But it is opals rather than gold or diamond that Australia became famous for.
prop (noun)
опора a piece of wood, metal, etc. used to support something or keep it in position
desalination (noun)
опріснення the process of removing salt from sea water
organised crime
організована злочинність criminal organizations that plan and commit crime, or the crimes that are committed by such organizations
organic (adj)
органічний produced or practised without using artificial chemicals
horde
орда, натовп в одному напрямі a large group or crowd, especially one on the move The policy succeeds in keeping the backoacking hordes away; only 7000 tourists fly into Bhutan's one airport - which is serviced by just two planes - every year.
rental
оренда the act of paying for the use of something (as an apartment or house or car) These strategies are common across industries from hotels to video stores and car rentals.
indicative
орієнтовний, дійсний showing or suggesting something
wasp
оса an insect with a slender* body and powerful sting
sediment
осад In some areas, we've found remnants of ancient villages buried beneath deep layers of sediment.
settle
оселитися to make a place your permanent home
staple food
основний продукт харчування A basic food that is used frequently and in large amounts Rice crop is such a staple food in many areas and the plan is to create a crop that contains a richer supply of nutrients.
underlying causes
основні причини
personal possessions
особисті речі valuable belongings that are not real estate. At the hospital, they made a list of my (things) and put them in a bag.
conceive
осягати, розуміти to think of Such charges may have been conceived as a way to deter undesirable customer behaviour and offset the cost that business incur as a result of that behaviour.
gain insight into
отримати розуміння to get a deeper understanding of something This type of thinking allows people to gain insight into their problems.
venomous
отруйний producing venom a highly * snake an venomous arachnid
encompass
охоплювати, містити, оточувати (v.) to encircle, go or reach around; to enclose; to include with a certain group or class This variation in estimates can be accounted for by different definitions of what the area encompasses.
healthcare (noun)
охорона здоров'я the service of providing medical care The state have a responsibility to provide healthcare.
purge
очищення, очищувати (v.) to wash away impurities, clean up; (n.) the process of getting rid of something or someone decisively These days, our ambivalence and need to purge come in slick, packaged form: a magazine called Real Simple that specialises in de-cluttering.
arachnid
павукоподібні An arthropod with two body sections, four pairs of legs, and no antennae. an venomous arachnid
monument
пам'ятник structures built to honor a person, a group, or an event Over a century ago, Harper's Weekly commented that advertisements were 'a true mirror of life, a sort of fossil history which the future chronicler, if all other historical monements were to be lost, might fully and graphically rewrite the history of our time'.
paparazzi
папараці a photographer who follows famous people around in order to get interesting photographs of them to sell to a newspaper
paradox
парадокс a statement that seems contradictory but is actually true Depression is an ongoing and pervasive problem in our society, and it poses something of an evolutionary paradox: the brain plays a crucial role in our survival, so evolution should have left our brains resistant to such high rates of malfunction
parasite (noun)
паразит a small animal or plant that lives on or inside another animal or plant and gets its food from it mosquito is a parasitic insect.
greenhouse gas
парниковий газ, парниковий ефект a gas that causes the greenhouse effect, especially carbon dioxide Current research models indicate that climate change associated with increasing levels of greenhouse gases is likely to lead to the soils in the interiors of the major continents drying out.
pasture
пасовище a field of growing grass where animals can eat; a meadow
patent (noun)
патент an official right to be the only person to make, use or sell a product or an invention; a document that proves this
patroller
патрульний noun someone on patrol duty; an individual or a member of a group that patrols an area Before they leave the nest each day, foragers normally wait for early morning patrollers to return.
petal (noun)
пелюстка a delicate coloured part of a flower. The head of a flower is usually made up of several *s around a central part.
old-age pension (noun)
пенсія за віком a regular income paid by the state to people above a particular age The modern welfare system in the UK developed during the late 19th and 20th century and includes the provision of both cash welfare benefits (such as an old-age pension or unemployment benefit) and welfare services not involving money (such as healthcare)
prevail
переважати, панувати to be usual, common, or popular Yet this is not a satisfactory explanation either as depression exists in every culture, including small-scale societies where people are thought to live in environments similar to those that prevailed in our evolutionary past.
outweigh
переважувати to be greater or more important than something
overdraft
перевищення кредиту в банку, заборгованість an amount of money that is spent by someone using a bank account that is more than the amount available in the account :an amount that is overdrawn from an account Think of the cell or mobile phone service, and banking and credit card industries, each of which now profits from customers who fail to understand or follow the rules about minute use, minium balances, overdrafts, credit limits, or payment deadline.
anticipate
передбачити, сподіватися to expect beforehand In the tabloids, Baxter found fewer articles than anticipated about local politicians.
outer suburbs (noun)
передмістя
conviction
переконання, засудження the act of proving that a person is guilty of a crime in a court of law He was a hardened criminal with a long list of previous convictions.
persuasive
переконливий able to persuade somebody to do or believe something
compelling
переконливий, захоплюючий that makes you pay attention to it because it is so interesting and exciting
skew (verb)
перекосити to change or influence something with the result that it is not accurate, fair, normal, etc to skew the statistics These figures are skewed because not all of our customers have paid their bill yet.
Leaf through
перелистувати, прогортувати to turn the pages of a book quickly, without reading it properly On a Saturday afternoon, a group of teenage girls leaf through glossy fashion magazines at an American shopping mall.
terrified (adj)
переляканий (adj) very frightened I really enjoy horror movies. I know it sounds strange, but I like the feeling of being really scared.ed
overpopulated (adj)
перенаселений (adj) with too many people living in it
recyclable (adj)
переробний (adj) able to be recycled
intersection of sth and sth
перетин або схрещування чогось з чимось the set of points the figures have in common Functional foods, or 'phoods' as they're sometimes called to connote the intersection of food and pharmaceuticals, have been trickling into supermarkets over the past several years - think of calcium-enhanced orange juice and cholesterol-lowering margarine, for example.
transition (noun)
перехід the process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another
hurdle (noun)
перешкода a problem or difficulty that must be solved or dealt with before you can achieve something synonym obstacle The enormous cost of this programme is a major hurdle that we need to overcome
obstacle (noun)
перешкода, завада an object that is in your way and that makes it difficult for you to move forward
impede
перешкоджати hinder; obstruct According to Baxter, it could therefore be argued that, by treating women unfairly, media reports not only impede the progress of female candidates but also inevitably deter women from taking part in the political process.
hinder
перешкоджати, заважати to make it difficult for somebody to do something or for something to happen synonym hamper
weather the storm
пержити шторм, витримати бурю If someone or something *s * *, they successfully deal with a very difficult problem if the government introduces necessary byt unpopular measures, they should be prepared to weather the storm rather than please the public with a softer approach.
pioneer (noun)
першовідкривач a person who is the first to study and develop a particular area of knowledge, culture, etc. that other people then continue to develop
periodic (adj)
періодичний happening fairly often and regularly
pesticide (noun)
пестицид (хімічна речовина, що використовується для знищення шкідників, особливо комах) a chemical used for killing pests, especially insects
petition
петиція A formal message requesting something that is submitted to an authority Dozens of petitions have been filed with the agency seeking permission for such claims.
flourish
пишно рости, процвітати to grow well; to be healthy and happy synonym thrive It was the demise of the dinosaurs that let mammals flourish, and humans emerge.
weep, wept, wept
плакати to cry Baseball games stopped, and radio announcers wept when his safe arrival in Paris was announced.
fleck
пляма spot Other areas have yielded only small flecks of charcoal from prehistoric fires.
to gossip
пліткувати to talk about other people's private lives, often in an unkind way
lenient (adj)
поблажливий (adj) not as strict as expected when punishing somebody or when making sure that rules are obeyed
side effects (noun)
побічні ефекти an extra and usually bad effect that a drug has on you, as well as curing illness or pain
behaviour (noun)
поведінка, манери he way that somebody behaves, especially towards other people
turn a dial
повернути цефурблат, набирати номкр
turn a screw
повернути, вкрутити гвинт
ubiquitous
повсюдний seeming to be everywhere or in several places at the same time; very common While backpacking in a quiet, traditional region, I cam across the seemingly ubiquitous fast food ads typical of my hometown.
casual dress
повсякденна сукня
repetitive
повторюваний saying or doing the same thing many times, so that it becomes boring
flooding (noun)
повінь, затоплення large amounts of water covering an area that is usually dry; the fact of this happening
mismanage
погано керувати to deal with or manage something badly A government might mismanage the economy.
absorb
поглинати, вбирати to take in a liquid, gas or other substance from the surface or space around
robbery
пограбування the crime of stealing from somewhere or someone
deterioration
погіршення, псування the process of becoming worse Because textiles are organic, they're subject to biological deterioration from air, water, minerals, insects and fungi.
aggravate
погіршувати, загострювати to make an illness or a bad or unpleasant situation worse The manufacture of polyester and other synthetic fabrics is an energy-intensive process requiring large amounts of crude oil and releasing emissions which can cause or aggravate respiratory disease.
deteriorate
погіршуватися (v.) to lower in quality or value; to wear away After all, the functioning of all body systems and organs tends to deterioate with age
share the same taste
поділяюти один і той самий смак, мати однакові смаки My sister and I wanted to decorate our bedroom but we don't * * * *s so we could never agree on a colour.
reap
пожинати плоди (v) harvest, such as by cutting; gather; get as a result of one's effort I know I'll reap the rewards one day, when I'm qualfied.
get rid of
позбутися to be free of somebody/something that has been annoying you or that you do not want
dispose of
позбутися to get rid of To prevent littering, the company has put a warning on the label asking us to dispose of the wrapping carefully.
index
покажчик, індекс A group of similar stocks and bonds The graph also shows the general trend in the consumer price index during this time.
non-custodial penalty
покарання, не пов'язане з позбавленням волі a criminal sentence that does not involve imprisonment One member of each pair had been sent to prison while the other had been given some type of non-custodial penalty.
abandon
покидати, відмовитися abandon something to stop doing something, especially before it is finished; to stop having something
vocation (noun)
покликання a belief that a particular type of work or way of life is especially suitable for you
alleviate
полегшувати to make something less severe
polyester (noun)
поліестер a strong material made of fibres (called polyesters) which are produced by chemical processes, often mixed with other materials and used especially for making clothes
polyunsaturated fatty acid
поліненасичена жирна кислота a fatty acid containing two or more carbon-carbon double bonds The California Walnut Commision, for example, wanted permission to put this claim on packages of walnut, which are high in Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
log (noun)
поліно, деревина a thick piece of wood that is cut from or has fallen from a tree
mitigate
пом'якшити to make something less harmful, unpleasant, or bad
retaliate with
помститися комусь to take revenge At any time, customers may retaliate with anger, lawsuit and defection.
moderate (adj)
помірний that is neither very good, large, hot, etc. nor very bad, small, cold, etc.
conspicuous
помітний easy to see or notice; likely to attract attention
notable
помітний striking, remarkable Although this approach may work for a while (many notable practitioners are highly profitable), businesses that that prey on customers are always vulnerable to possible hostility.
incur
понести, нести to bring about Such charges may have been conceived as a way to deter undesirable customer behaviour and offset the cost that business incur as a result of that behaviour.
renewable (adj)
поновлюваний (adj) * forms of energy can be produced as quickly as they are used: * energy sources such as wind and solar power
notion (noun)
поняття, уявлення an idea, a belief or an understanding of something It is based on the notion of equa opportunities for all, equiatable distribution of wealth, and public responsibility for those unable to meet their own needs.
preceding (adj)
попередній previous
all the rage
популярний, в моді to be very popular and fashionable When I was about 11, boots with really high heels were all the rage.
breed
порода to keep animals for the purpose of producing young animals in a controlled way
ferry
пором, переправлятися поромом to carry or move (someone or something) on a vehicle (such as a boat or a car) usually for a short distance between two places To find out, Seeley's team applied paint dots and tiny plastic tags to all 4000 bees in each of several swarms that they ferried to Appledore Island.
vicious circle
порочне коло a continuing unpleasant situation, created when one problem causes another problem that then makes the first problem worse This means we are caught in a vicious circle as more fossil fuels are consumed.
violate
порушувати, насилувати, зневажати to disregard or go against The non-profit Center for Science in the Public Interest has filed suit against the FDA, arguing that the new program violates the 1990 Nutrition Labeling and Education Act, which mandated a higher level of scientific agreement for marketing the health benefits of ingredients.
threshold (noun)
поріг, межа 1. the floor or ground at the bottom of a doorway, considered as the entrance to a building or room 2. the point or level at which something begins or changes 1. Stepping over the high threshold and into the inner sanctuary, you can barely see, because the room is dark and the air is thick with a mixture of smoke from the gas lamps and incense. 2. There is a high risk of dramatic biodiveristy loss and accompanying degradation of a broad range of ecosystem services if the Earth's system is pushed beyond a certain threshold
call into question
поставити під сумнів doubt sth or make others doubt sth Evershed's findings call that assumption into question.
set yourself a goal
поставити собі мету I find the only way to do it is to set myself a goal, you know, give myself something to aim for.
give yourself something to aim for
поставити собі щось, чого можна прагнути I find the only way to do it is to set myself a goal, you know, give myself something to aim for.
supplies (noun)
постачання, завіз the things such as food, medicines, fuel, etc. that are needed by a group of people, for example an army or expedition
pull a lever
потягніть за важіль
dismal (adj)
похмурий very bad or poor The play was supposed to be a tragedy, but the acting was so bad it made me want to laugh not cry!
burial
поховання Act of placing dead body to rest in the ground Among the fabric samples Jakes has anaysed are carbonised scraps from Hopewell burial sites, which were typically earth mounds.
feel in control of take control of have control over lose control of be in control of be out of control
почувати себе під контролем взяти під контроль мати контроль над втратити контроль над контролювати бути поза контролем We * what private business pay their staff. I think the mayor has * the council. Politicians should always * their emotions. Public spending is totally *.
prevalence
поширеність the condition of being widespread, commoness
pervasive (adj)
поширюючий, проникаючий (adj) existing in all parts of a place or thing; spreading gradually to affect all parts of a place or thing a * smell of damp Depression is an ongoing and pervasive problem in our society, and it poses something of an evolutionary paradox: the brain plays a crucial role in our survival, so evolution should have left our brains resistant to such high rates of malfunction
propulsion
поштовх the action of driving or pushing forward.
delinquent
правопорушник neglecting a duty or law; late in payment The children might only start with petty crimes but, if they fall in with the wrong crowd and become a delinquent, then this can escalate to more serious crimes like robbery or ar thief.
gear towards
прагнути до досягнення Organise or arrange something for a particular purpose, audience, etc. With the prevalence of social media, Janda said it is now more important than ever for companies to implement systems that are geared towards managing unhappy customers.
hands-on (adj)
практичний (adj) Someone with a * way of doing things becomes closely involved in managing and organizing things and in making decisions
hands-off approach
практичний підхід The idea that day-to-day operations of the juvenile justice system should be left up to the professionals working in the system without court review or intervention A hands-off approach is dictated, where change is essential to the artist's meaning.
employment (noun)
працевлаштування work, especially when it is done to earn money; the state of being employed
articles of clothing
предмети одягу It's amazing how many (things) are left on buses; we often find hats and scarves and even coats.
luxury goods
предмети розкоші expensive things, such as jewellery and make-up, that are pleasant to have but are not necessary. The shop specialises in (things that only the very rich can afford.)
press
преса newspapers and magazines
harness
приборкувати to control something, usually in order to use its power: There is a great deal of interest in harnessing wind and waves as new sources of power. Turbines are used to harness the energy from the wind.
attract
приваблювати, залучати if you are attracted by something, it interests you and makes you want it; if you are attracted by somebody, you like or admire them
stunning
приголомшливий, вражаючий extremely attractive or impressive synonym beautiful
acquisitiveness (noun)
придбання the quality of wanting very much to buy or get new possessions Now, says Twithell, to curb our acquisitiveness we would have to de-brand: It's a scarf, It's not a Hermes scarf.
accept the consequences of
приймати чи розуміти наслідки Children should be taught to * * * * their actions.
fall into disrepair
прийти в занепад buildings, roads etc that are in * are in bad condition because they have not been cared for It's been vacant for about a year now and it's falling into disrepair.
affix
прикріпити to attach The presence of colour reflects a significant level of technology, including knowledge of colourants in nature and of methods required to affix them to organic materials,' says Jakes.
instrumentation
приладобудування, застосування інструментів a set of instruments 'Today, we're finally combining archaeological background with training in scientific instrumentation to put it all together,' says Lambert.
nucleus accumbens
прилегле ядро (область мозку) a subcortical structure that participates in reward and addiction The researchers found that players who had a larger nucleus accumbers (an area of the brain) did better than their counterparts in the early stages of the training period.
primate
примат monkeys, apes, and humans gorrilla is a critically endangered primate.
suburban (adj).
приміський, заміський boring and ordinary The single fastest-growing demographic group seeking tattoo services is, to the surprise of many, middle-class suburban women
primitive
примітивний happening early in the history of humans and the world, or simple and not complicated In fact prehistoric humans enjoyed a primitive version of cinema, according to researchers.
do more harm than good
принести більше шкоди, ніж користі to be damaging and not helpful
ascribe
приписувати (v.) to assign or refer to (as a cause or source), attribute The book begins by examining the stereotypes that the media ascribes to female candidates, and asserts that as well as potraying women as incompetent leaders, reporters also tend to describe them their according to their fashion choices.
tide (noun)
приплив a regular rise and fall in the level of the sea, caused by the pull of the moon and sun; the flow of water that happens as the sea rises and falls
natural (adj)
природний existing in nature; not made or caused by humans
natural resources
природні ресурси things such as minerals, forests, coal, etc. that exist in a place and can be used by people
problematic (adj)
проблематичний (adj) difficult to deal with or to understand; full of problems; not certain to be successful Each individual component is less problematic, so what begins as an insurmountable problem is far less difficult.
vendor (noun)
продавець (зазвичай той, що на вулиці) a person who sells things, for example food or newspapers, usually outside on the street
productivity (noun)
продуктивність праці the rate at which a worker, a company or a country produces goods, and the amount produced, compared with how much time, work and money is needed to produce them
pierce
проколювати to make a small hole in something, or to go through something, with a sharp object
prosecutor
прокурор The state or federal government attorney in a criminal case. Prosecutors have launched a criminal investigation into the firm's accounting practices.
torrential (adj)
проливний, заливний (adj) used to refer to very heavy rain
penetrate
проникати to go into or through something
proposition
пропозиція, план, афера proposal; A suggested plan One of the most influential propositions in marketing is that customer satisfaction means loyalty and loyalty eans profits.
miscalculate
прорахуватися (неправильно оцінювати суму, цифру, вимірювання тощо) to estimate an amount, a figure, a measurement, etc. wrongly Someone adding up figures might miscalculate.
drill a hole dig a hole
просвердлити отвір викопати яму
become famous overnight
прославитися за одну ніч
trickle into
просочитися, текти невеликим потоком, капати to flow or fall by drops or in a small stream Functional foods, or 'phoods' as they're sometimes called to connote the intersection of food and pharmaceuticals, have been trickling into supermarkets over the past several years - think of calcium-enhanced orange juice and cholesterol-lowering margarine, for example.
condone
простити, забути, виправдати to forgive or overlook an offense (I can't condone ... )
mere
просто, єдиний used to emphasize how small or insignificant someone or something is only However, during the Early Middle Ages, its population declines to a mere 20 thousand.
nasty
противний, неприємний Apparently, it's designed to be resistant to weeds, so farmers don't need to spray any nasty chemicals to remove them.
vocational training
професійне навчання skills and education that prepare you for a job
thrive
процвітати, мати успіх to become, and continue to be, successful, strong, healthy, etc. synonym flourish
a process of trials and errors
процес випробувань та помилок Finding the cure was a process of trial and error. We tried out many theories and failed many times before finally succeding.
mar
псувати, спотворювати to spoil, damage, injure Social scientists have long had to rely on crude questionnaires or interviews to gather data to test their theories, methods marred by reporting bias and small survey sizes.
pigment
пігмент, барвник A chemical that produces color Chemical analysis and powerful microdcopy can reveal remarkable characteristics of textiles: what plants and animals the fibres came from, how the yarns were made, what weaving techniques were employed and what dyes or pigments were used to colour them.
take stock
підвести підсумки to stop and think carefully about the way in which a particular situation is developing in order to decide what to do next
malleable
піддатливий easily changed into a new shape It's relatively simple to extract and it's extremely malleable, so it's easy to shape or flatten into sheets.
obey (verb)
підкорятися, слухатися to do what you are told or expected to do to obey a command/an order/rules/the law
be subject to
підлягати, піддаватися likely to be affected by something Because textiles are organic, they're subject to biological deterioration from air, water, minerals, insects and fungi.
understory
підлісок layer in a rain forest formed by shorter trees and vines The shrew's Achilles' heel is its dependence on a habitat most affected by global climate change and interference from humans - in order to thrive, they require cool, dark coniferous bogs with dense understory, standing water and an abundance of decaying mossy logs.
adolescent (noun)
підліток a young person who is developing from a child into an adult
pressed for time
підтискає час, мало часу you don't have enough time You feel constantly pressed for time, and spare time becomes this luxury you can't afford anymore!
maintain
підтримувати, зберігати to make something continue at the same level, standard, etc.
hard-sell approach
підхід з жорстким продажем (використовувати переконливі прийоми та вводити філософію "чому варто" копіювати підготовку) used persuasive techniques and introduced the "reason why" philosophy to copy preparation For a car dealership, Janda said this could mean promotions that don't focus on a hard-sell approach but rather on providing relevant information such as the availability of rebates for the customer.
foam (noun)
пінопласт a soft light rubber material, full of small holes, that is used for seats, mattresses, etc
every cloud has a silver lining
після дощу завжди Веселка, є у хмаринки світла підкладка (тобто немає лиха без добра) said to emphasize that every difficult or unpleasant situation has some advantage Melting ice in Antarcia is leaving behind large number of tiny marine animals proving that every cloud really does have a silver lining.
furnace
піч a stucture in which heat is generated
reaction (noun)
реакція what you do, say or think as a result of something that has happened
promotional
рекламний connected with advertising
billboard (noun)
рекламний щит, білборд a large board on the outside of a building or at the side of the road, used for putting advertisements on
mend
ремонтувати, лагодити to fix, to repair Before then, and especially during World War I, most clothing was repaired, mended or tailored to fit other family members, or recycled within the home as rags or quilts.
reptile
рептилія, плазун An ectothermic vertebrate that lays eggs and has lungs and scaly skin. The Egyptians preserved millions of mammals, birds and reptiles as votive offerings.
scrutinize
ретельно вивчити to examine closely to observe carefully The painting there, begun by Piet Mondrian (1872 - 1944) in Europe and completed in New York, were scrutinized using the latest scientific techniques.
casts off
речі, які тобі більше не подобаються, відкидати things, usually clothes, that you no longer want Says Rivoli, 'There are nowhere near enough people in America to absorb the mountains of cast-offs, even if they were given away.
risky
ризикований involving the possibility of something bad happening The introduction of foxes to this area put many native species at risk of extinction.
trait (noun)
риса характеру a particular quality in your personality
lever
ричаг, важіль A rigid bar that is free to move around a fixed point He also demonstrated how to lift great weights by means of levers and pulleys, and ways of cleaning harbours by using a pump to suck up water from great depths.
infer
робити висновок to find out by reasoning; to arrive at a conclusion on the basis of thought; to hint, suggest, imply Such information, combined with other evidence, enables researchers to infer the technological skills of ancient civilisations and the cultural importance of their textiles, notes Kathryn Jakes of Ohio State University in Columbus.
dilute
розбавляти to make a liquid weaker by adding water or another liquid to it
evolve
розвиватися, еволюціонувати (v.) to develop gradually; to rise to a higher level The cultural status of tattooing has steadily evolved from that of an anti-social activity in the 1960s to that of a socially acceptable fashion statement today.
scout
розвідник a soldier, airplane, etc., that is sent to get information about the size, location, equipment, etc., of an enemy Scout bees soon appeared at all five boxes.
divulge
розголошувати (v.) to tell, reveal; to make public You may not think twice about it, but if you use a social networking site, a cellphone or the internet regularly, you are leaving behind a clear digital trail that describes your behaviour, travel patterns, and likes and dislikes, divulges who you friends are, and reveals your mood and your opinions.
proliferate
розмножуватися to reproduce, increase, or spread rapidly Of course, not everything is depleted , and these harsh conditions encourage the growth of weeds and also allow pests to proliferate.
accommodate
розмістити, допомагати, надавати житло to make fit, adjust to Conservators had to face the fact that their mission to preserve for future generations the culture of the moent would have to yield to accommodate meterials chosen precisely because of their propensity to decay.
light a fire
розпалити багаття
acquire a taste for
розпробувати, привикнути до смаку something that you dislike at first, but that you start to like after you have tried it a few times I've tried them often but I've never managed to acquire a taste for oysters.
calculated risk
розрахований ризик a risk that you consider worth taking because the result, if it is successful, will be so good:
reckon
розраховувати, вважати expect, believe, or suppose They reckon coastal waters could provide up to ten times Scotland's annual electricity usage.
urban sprawl (noun)
розростання міст the spread of a city into the area surrounding it, often without planning: It is difficult to determine where the city ends because of the urban sprawl
solution
розчин A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances Good immerses the threads in a solution to tease apart the strands of protein.
dissolve
розчинятися to mix with a liquid and become part of it Salt dissolves in water.
herbivore (noun)
рослиноїдна тварина any animal that eats only plants
burgeon
рости і процвітати, розвиток to grow and flourish Scientific interest in ancient textiles and other fibre objects is burgeoning.
ore
руда rock from which metal can be obtained Lead is extracted by a process known as smelting, where the rock, or ore is heated to extremely high temperatures.
shuttle
рухатися туди й назад to move back and forth often between two places
sparsely
рідко, бідно, ледь, тонко barely, thinly Our budget room was very sparsely furnished but adequate nevertheless.
native (adj)
рідний, корінний, місцевий (adj) used to refer to plants and animals that grow naturally in a place, and have not been brought there from somewhere else
swarm (noun)
рій a large group of insects, especially bees, moving together in the same direction Farms were attacked by a swarm of locusts that devasted/damaged crops in the area.
swarm
рій a large number of insects or other small creatures, especially when in motion Farms were attacked by a swarm of locusts that devasted/damaged crops in the area.
horticulture
садівництво The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers.
self-congratulatory (adj)
самовдоволений showing that you think you have done something very well and are pleased with yourself
self-assured (adj)
самовпевнений having a lot of confidence in yourself and your abilities, synonym is confident
self-deprecating (adj)
самокритичний done in a way that makes your own achievements or abilities seem unimportant
locust
сарана a grasshopper that often migrates in large numbers Farms were attacked by a swarm of locusts that devasted/damaging crops in the area.
status (noun)
сатус, стан the legal position of a person, group or country I soon realised my status when I was asked to use the tradesman's entrance.
sanctuary
святилище, притулок a sacred place; any place of refuge Stepping over the high threshold and into the inner sanctuary, you can barely see, because the room is dark and the air is thick with a mixture of smoke from the gas lamps and incense.
consciously
свідомо intentionally Some company consciously and cynically exploit their customers' confusion in this way.
deliberately
свідомо, навмисно intentionally A person deliberately telling someone something incorrect might misinform them.
domestic
свійський, внутрішній, домашній, вітчизняний native to a country, not foreign; relating to the life or affairs of a household; a household servant Domestic resale has boomed in the era of the internet.
dawn
світанок, видніти, світати, починатися to start or begin When the Information Age dawned, the World Wide Web seemed like a paradise.
light year (noun)
світловий рік (одиниця відстані світла) distance that light travels in one year, 9.4607 × 1012 kilometres
sensor
сенсор A device that responds to a physical stimulus (as heat, light, sound, pressure, magnetism, or a particular motion) and transmits a resulting impulse (as for measurement or operating a control).
habitat (noun)
середовище проживання або існування the place where a particular type of animal or plant is normally found
perch on
сидіти на кінчику(краю) чогось to sit on the edge of something Go to Bhutan, and you may well find yourself driving for hours along terrifying, winding mountain passes and then climbing to a monastery perched on a cliff that seems to defy all laws of physics.
gravity (noun)
сила тяжіння the force that attracts objects in space towards each other, and that on the earth pulls them towards the centre of the planet, so that things fall to the ground when they are dropped
severe (adj)
сильний, лютий (adj) causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, damage, etc.; very serious
synthetic
синтетичний, штучний (adj.) made or put together by people; (n.) something artificial opposite to organic The manufacture of polyester and other synthetic fabrics is an energy-intensive process requiring large amounts of crude oil and releasing emissions which can cause or aggravate respiratory disease.
crude
сирий, необроблений, не якісно зроблений not carefully or expertly made Social scientists have long had to rely on crude questionnaires or interviews to gather data to test their theories, methods marred by reporting bias and small survey sizes.
petrified (adj)
скам'янілий, дуже переляканий (adj) extremely frightened synonym terrified I really enjoy horror movies. I know it sounds strange, but I like the feeling of being really scared!
hoard
скарб, запас a collection of money, food, valuable objects, etc., especially one that somebody keeps in a secret place so that other people will not find or steal it
sceptic.
скептичний a person inclined to question or doubt all accepted opinions Climate sceptics believe that scientists are exaggerating the current situation and this is simply storm in a teacup
compose a song
скласти пісню
cutback
скорочення a reduction in something, made in order to save money
predicament (noun)
скрутне становище a difficult or an unpleasant situation, especially one where it is difficult to know what to do I doubt that recycling alone can get us out of our current predicament
quandary
скрутне становище a puzzling situation; a dilemma Just as the discovery of nuclear fission raised moral dilemmas for physicists, and genetic modification is now doing for biologists, so the ability to predict human behaviour is presenting new quandaries for social scientists.
follow accepted behaviour
слідувати прийнятій поведінці to do what is considerate as normal And we expect people to behave according to our accepted standards of behaviour.
capital punishment
смертна кара punishment by death
demise (noun)
смерть, кінець чогось the end or failure or death of an institution, an idea, a company, etc. It was the demise of the dinosaurs that let mammals flourish, and humans emerge.
debris (noun)
сміття rubbish/garbage or pieces of material that are left somewhere and are not wanted The impact radically changed our planet, expelling a huge amount of debris that eventually congealed into our oversied moon.
self-conscious
сором'язливий excessively aware of your appearance or behavior
social well-being
соціальне благополуччя
social welfare
соціальне забезпечення practical or financial help that is provided, often by the government, for people or animals that need it
social mores
соціальні звичаї, суспільні моралі social customs There are those who observe these social mores religiously, and those people are often labelled conservative.
legacy
спадок, спадщина An inheritance; something handed down from an ancestor or from the past The source of all this information and the reason we know so much about Leonardo followed his grandfather's habit of keeping a journal.
heritage (noun)
спадщина, спадок the history, traditions and qualities that a country or society has had for many years and that are considered an important part of its character
to speculate
спекулювати, міркувати to form an opinion about something without knowing all the details or facts
with the benefit of hindsight
спираючись на минулий досвід the knowledge and understanding that you have about an event only after it has happened In retrospect, and with the benefit of hindsight, it is clear that it was a bad decision.
consumption
споживання the amount used or eaten
tempt
спокушати, зваблювати to attract somebody or make somebody want to do or have something, even if they know it is wrong
tranquil (adj)
спокійний (adj) quiet and peaceful
juncture
сполучення, злив a particular point in events or time The center has opened at a critical juncture in the afterlife of modernism.
incentive
спонука, стимул, заохочення a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior In abid to stop this, the New South Wales Government decided to offer incentives for Australians to find gold in their own country.
induce
спонукати, провокувати to persuade or influence somebody to do something
spur
спонукати, стимулювати stimulate But, according to Professor James Twitchell, mass branding also spurred us to shop.
akin to
споріднений з, схожий з similar to Users also have access to a list of popular applications, akin to a bestsellers list.
surveillance
спостереження, нагляд close watch over a person, group, or area; supervision We are slowly witnessing a gradual movement in favour of surveillance.
distorted
спотворений pulled or twisted out of shape In my view, the inevitable home-town bias of local newspapers could give a distorted view in terms of the number and length of articles they contain.
a matter of taste
справа смаку, питання в смаці Humour can be quite personal and subjective - it really is a * * *
equitable
справедливий fair, just, embodying principles of justice It is based on the notion of equa opportunities for all, equiatable distribution of wealth, and public responsibility for those unable to meet their own needs.
perceive
сприймати, вбачати to understand, know, become aware of Janda was surprised to find that in order to create a relationship, consumers have to perceive it will pay off, monetarily or otherwise.
devastation (noun)
спустошення, розруха great destruction or damage, especially over a wide area 1. Heavy rains and devastation winds caused several trees to fall. 2. Pesticides may help control pests but they are also harmful/damaging/devastating to local wildlife. 3. Farms were attacked by a swarm of locusts that devasted/damaged crops in the area.
community (noun)
спільнота, громада all the people who live in a particular area, country, etc. when talked about as a group
controversial (adj)
спірний, суперечливий
mammal
ссавець Animals that have hair and produce milk for their young The Egyptians preserved millions of mammals, birds and reptiles as votive offerings.
herd (noun)
стадо a group of animals of the same type that live and feed together A herd of cattle walk slowly towards the farmhouse.
apprenticeship (noun)
стажування, виробнича практика a period of time working as an apprentice; a job as an apprentice But these courses teach real-life skills and often lead directly to an apprenticeship and then full-time employment.
standard (noun)
стандарт, еталонa level of quality, especially one that people think is acceptable
diligently
старанно showing care and effort in your work or duties He used his journals to diligently record his observations and fortunately for us, diagrams of his inventions, such as those of a flying machine.
glean
старанно підбирати, збирати по шматочках to collect bit by bit; to gather with patient labor Today, Good and other researchers are applying high-tech methods of chemical analysis to ancient textiles and fibres to glean unique clues about past civilisations.
status quo (noun)
статус-кво (ситуація, яка є зараз, або як була до недавньої зміни) the situation as it is now, or as it was before a recent change There will always be people who resist change and want to maintain the status quo.
assert
стверджувати, відстоювати to state clearly and firmly that something is true
making headlines
створення заголовків making story on the first page that is interesting
make a name for yourself
створити собі ім'я to become famous or respected by a lot of people
stem (noun) stem from
стебло +the main long thin part of a plant above the ground from which the leaves or flowers grow; a smaller part that grows from this and supports flowers or leaves +to be caused by something or someone The poor quality of our soils stems from this
keep track of
стежити за to continue to be informed or know about someone or something
pillar (noun)
стовп, колона a large round stone, metal or wooden post that is used to support a bridge, the roof of a building, etc., especially when it is also decorative
strut
стойка, роспорка, брус для опори a long, thin piece of wood or metal used for support in a building, vehicle, etc. Among those inventions that he is credited with are the strut bridge, the machine for testing the tensile strength of wire and even our modern day scissors.
safety net (noun)
страхівка, сітка безпеки an arrangement that helps to prevent disaster if something goes wrong Alternatively, a welfare state can refer to the creation of a safety net to provide social services such as free childcare.
terrifying (adj)
страхітливий (adj) making somebody feel extremely frightened Last week I saw a horror movie, and the special effects were so realistic it was really scary to watch.
curb
стримувати to control or limit something that is not wanted: The government should act to * tax evasion. Now, says Twithell, to * our acquisitiveness we would have to de-brand: It's a scarf, It's not a Hermes scarf
restrain
стримувати to hold back; to keep under control; to limit; to draw tight by force Magazine ad styles were also restrained, with most publications relegating advertisements to the back pages.
deter
стримувати, зупиняти to prevent Such charges may have been conceived as a way to deter undesirable customer behaviour and offset the cost that business incur as a result of that behaviour
resistant (adj)
стійкий (adj) not wanting to accept something, especially changes or new ideas
sustainable (adj)
стійкий, сталий, тривалий (adj) causing little or no damage to the environment and therefore able to continue for a long time It should also be possible to produce hydrogen in a sustainable way by using other recyclable materials in addition to cooking oils.
swivel chair
стілець, що обертається a chair that can turn around, commonly used in offices The next experiment is called the arm engine, and for this one you need a chair that can swivel or rotate and some small hand weights.
subjective (adj)
суб'єктивний, особистий (adj) based on your own ideas or opinions rather than facts and therefore sometimes unfair The judging of artistic works can be very subjective; we need to find a way to make it more specific.
subsidise
субсидіювати, фінансувати to give money to somebody or an organization to help pay for something; to give a subsidy synonym fund
rigour
суворість the quality or state of being very exact, careful, or strict Until recently, these remains were usually overlooked because they were frayed. discoloured or too fragile to withstand the rigours of analysis.
criminal record
судимості an official record of crimes that a person has committed If young people become involved in juvenile crime, they are more likely to have a criminal record when they are older.
lawsuit
судовий процес, позов a legal action in which a person or group sues to collect damages for some harm that is done At any time, customers may retaliate with anger, lawsuit and defection.
compound (noun)
суміш a substance formed by a chemical reaction of two or more elements in fixed amounts relative to each other
superbugs
супербактерії, мікроби (бактерії, що стійкі до великої кількості антибіотиків) bacteria that are resistant to large numbers of antibiotics Medical staff in hospitals are combating these superbugs on a daily basis, and some people are turning to natural remedies such as tea tree oil to deal with the problem.
controversy (noun)
суперечка, дискусія public discussion and argument about something that many people strongly disagree about, disapprove of, or are shocked by The use of drugs by athletes has caused considerable controversy in the world sport
rival (noun)
суперник, конкурент to be as good or almost as good as (someone or something)= match But with an estimated 130 species disappearing each day, the world is on the brink of another mass extinction that could rival the one that saw the dinosaurs disappear.
social services (noun)
суспільні або соціальні послуги a system that is organized by the local government to help people who have financial or family problems; the department or the people who provide this help Alternatively, a welfare state can refer to the creation of a safety net to provide social services such as free childcare.
bout
сутичка, бій, раз a short period of time during which something is done or happening This is not a satisfactory explanation for depression, however, as people are most likely to experience their first bout in adolescence
entity
сутність, суб'єкт (все, що має існування, або фізичне, або містичне) anything having existence, either physical or mystical Along with the manufacturers. other entities also turned to advertising.
propensity
схильність a natural inclination or tendency Conservators had to face the fact that their mission to preserve for future generations the culture of the moent would have to yield to accommodate meterials chosen precisely because of their propensity to decay.
cache
схованка hiding place Prehistoric people probably used plants like sumac and bedstraw as dyes, Jakes says, because caches of those seeds have been recovered from archaeological sites although the plants have known dietary use.
agriculture (noun)
сільське господарство the science or practice of farming
rustic
сільський typical of the country or of country people; simple It's a really historic place and very rustic.
drab
сірий, одноманітний, тусклий without interest or colour; dull and boring
sow
сіяти to put seeds in or on the ground so that plants will grow
tabloid press
таблоїдна преса (газета, в якій переважають малюнки) a type of popular newspaper with small pages that has many pictures and short, simple reports
tactful (adj)
тактовний, тактичний careful not to say or do anything that will annoy or upset other people synonym diplomatic
talented (adj)
талановитий (adj) having a natural ability to do something well
tarantula
тарантул an venomous arachnid
municipal solid waste
тверді побутові відходи Waste produced by households and businesses According to the EPA Office of Solid Waste, Americans throw awy more than 68 pounds of clothing and textiles per person per year, adn this represents about 4% of the municipal solid waste.
telemarketing (noun)
телемаркетинг a method of selling things and taking orders for sales by telephone
trend (noun)
тенденція, мода, напрям a general direction in which a situation is changing or developing
theorist (noun)
теоретик (людина, яка пояснює чому все відбувається чи існує саме так) a person who develops ideas and principles about a particular subject in order to explain why things happen or exist
carpenter
тесляр, столяр a woodworker who makes or repairs wooden objects Some of these occupations are familiar, for example, a carpenter, creating things for the home.
technician (noun)
технік, фахівець a person who is very skilled at the technical aspects of an art, a sport, etc.
technique (noun)
техніка, технічний прийом a particular way of doing something, especially one in which you have to learn special skills
tech-savvy
технічно підкований knowing a lot about technology Good at learning and using technology For example, the internet helped tech-savvy music lovers to force changes in the way the music industry did business, while text messaging over cellphones made written communication more immediate.
transient
тимчасовий continuing for only a short time synonym fleeting, temporary The aurora borealis is a spectacular though transient light display caused by millions of explosions.
peer pressure
тиск з боку однолітків the strong influence of a group, especially of children, on members of that group to behave as everyone else does
pressure (noun)
тиск, натиск, вплив the force or weight with which something presses against something else
fabric (noun)
тканина material made by weaving wool, cotton, silk, etc., used for making clothes, curtains, etc. and for covering furniture
textile
тканина, текстильний weaven cloth A fabric made by weaving, used in making clothing Until recently, it was assumed that all (ancient) silk was from China,' says Good, a specialist in fibre analysis and ancient-textile production and trade at Harvard University's Peabody Museum.
interpretation (noun)
тлумачення, інтерпретація he particular way in which something is understood or explained
subtle
тонкий, витончений, делікатний
poplar tree
тополя a tall, fast-growing tree of north temperate regions Oh, yes, the GM poplar trees they're working on should really do a lot to persuade people just how good this type of biotechnology can be.
sales representative (noun)
торговий представник an employee of a company who travels around a particular area selling the company's goods to shops/stores, etc.
traditional dress
традиційне плаття
conventional (adj)
традиційний, загальноприйнятий tending to follow what is done or considered acceptable by society in general; normal and ordinary, and perhaps not very interesting Conventional people help keep our traditions alive.
transaction
транзакція, угода A business activity that changes assets, liabilities, or owner's equity Many credit card issuers, for example, choose not deny a transaction that would put the cardholder over his or her credit limit, it's more profitable to let the customer overspend and then impose penalties.
transatlantic
трансатлантичний (через Атлантичний океан) across the Atlantic Ocean In 1927, Charles Linbergh's transatlantic flight captured America's imagination.
broadcast
транслювати to send out programmes on television or radio
tremor (noun)
тремор, дрож, поштовх a small earthquake in which the ground shakes slightly
long-term (adj)
тривалий період (adj) continuing a long time into the future
lifespan (noun)
тривалість життя the length of time that something is likely to live, continue or function
last an eternity
тривати вічність I think when you're really young, your spare time seems to last an eternity - it just drags on and on.
drag on and on
тривати довше, ніж очікувалося; подовжуватися; затягуватися To last longer than expected I think when you're really young, your spare time seems to last an eternity - it just drags on and on.
disturbing
тривожний making you feel anxious and upset or shocked
tropical (adj)
тропічний (adj) from or relating to the area between the two tropics
gimmick (noun)
трюк(призначений привернути увагу або переконати людей щось купити) an unusual trick or unnecessary device that is intended to attract attention or to persuade people to buy something
trunk
тулуб chest, abdomen, and pelvis
entail
тягне за собою (v.) to include as a necessary step Building a new fence entails tearing down the old one. It is also a problem that replacing our current energy supply will entail expensive research and development, which, in turn, involves government cooperation.
haul
тягнути To pull or carry with effort More ants maybe needed to haul the bounty home.
media attention
увага ЗМІ media are interested about you
coast (noun)
узбережжя the land beside or near to the sea or ocean
consistency (noun)
узгодженість, послідовність the quality of always behaving in the same way or of having the same opinions, standard, etc.; the quality of being consistent
salesmanship
уміння торгувати,продаж товарів ability to sell goods in a fair, sincere, and distinctive manner Usually, too, authors distinguish advertising fromsalesmanship by defining it as mediated persuasion aimed at an audience rather than one-to-one communication with a potential customer.
eschew.
уникати to avoid, shun, keep away from Newspapers almost never printed ads wider than a single column and generally eschewed illustrations and even special typefaces
biased (adj)
упереджений (adj) having a tendency to show favour towards or against one group of people or one opinion for personal reasons; making unfair judgements I think they're the best team here, but then I am biased as I'm their teacher.
prejudiced (adj)
упереджений (adj) having an unreasonable dislike of or preference for somebody/something, especially based on their race, religion, sex, etc. Some companies are prejudiced against taking on employees over 40.
bias
упередження, зміщення a strong feeling in favour of or against one group of people, or one side in an argument, often not based on fair judgement In my view, the inevitable home-town bias of local newspapers could give a distorted view in terms of the number and length of articles they contain
managerial (adj)
управлінський, адміністративний (adj) relating to a manager or management
establishment (noun)
установа, заснування an organization, a large institution or a hotel 2. the people in a society or a profession who have influence and power and who usually do not support change
imagination
уява the ability to create pictures in your mind; the part of your mind that does this
de facto
фактично (adj.) actually existing or in effect, although not legally required or sanctioned; (adv.) in reality, actually Now millions of people carry a de facto tracking device with them all day that automatically logs their every move.
falsify
фальсифікувати, підробляти to make something false; to change something in order to make people believe something that is not true Joseph Beuys, for instance, used organic materials like fat or honey precisely because of their tendency to change over time; to halt that process would be to falsify the work in critical ways.
fiction
фантастика, вигадка a type of literature that describes imaginary people and events, not real ones
dye
фарбувати to change the colour of something, especially by using a special liquid or substance
pharmaceuticals
фармацевтичні препарати, фармацевтика the kind of industry which produces medicines
fauna
фауна all the animal life in a particular region
Federal Government
федеральний уряд (Форма правління, за якою повноваження поділяються між центральним урядом та кількома органами місцевого самоврядування.) A form of government in which powers are divided between a central government and several local governments. Since 1938, the federal government had strictly regulated airline fares and routes.
flyer (noun)
флаєр a small sheet of paper that advertises a product or an event and is given to a large number of people to hand out flyers for a new club
formulation (noun)
формулювання the act of creating or preparing something carefully, giving particular attention to the details; something that is created or prepared in this way
mural
фреска, розпис на стіні wall painting But slowly, brilliant murals reveal themselves, along with an elaborate altar, behind which a group of finely detailed gold and bronze Buddhas seems almost to glow.
forage
фуражувати (шукати їжу) to search for food Instead, their brief life is spent foraging.
futuristic
футуристичний extremely modern and unusual in appearance, as if belonging to a future time
Fixative
фіксатор In one set of experiments, for example, the researchers made dye baths from sumac berries and bedstraw roots combined with different mineral fixatives.
firm
фірма a business organization However, in our conversations with dozens of executives in various industries we found that many firms have unwittingly fallen into this trap.
phytochemical
фітохімічний (речовина, що міститься в рослинній їжі, яка не є важливою поживною речовиною, але може мати властивості, що сприяють здоров'ю) a substance found in plant foods that is not an essential nutrient but may have health-promoting properties Now, our modern-day world of medical science is beginning to realise just how effective these phytochemical, chemical compounds that occur naturally in plants, can be.
food chain (noun)
харчовий ланцюг a series of living creatures in which each type of creature feeds on the one below it in the series
coniferous bogs
хвойні болота low swampy lands of trees that produce seed-bearing cones and have thin leaves shaped like needles The shrew's Achilles' heel is its dependence on a habitat most affected by global climate change and interference from humans - in order to thrive, they require cool, dark coniferous bogs with dense understory, standing water and an abundance of decaying mossy logs.
ploy (noun)
хитрість words or actions that are carefully planned to get an advantage over somebody else Many competitions are simply a marketing ploy to help boost sales.
CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons)
хлорфторуглеводороди chemical compounds used in aerosol cans that destroy atmospheric ozone cfcs: an abbreviation for the gases which have now been removed from aerosols to protect the ozone layer.
mugging
хуліганство, вуличне пограбування the crime of attacking somebody violently, or threatening to do so, in order to steal their money, especially in a public place
censored
цензурований, з цензурою something one is forbidden to see, hear, or read
centrality
центральність The functional dominance of cities within an urban system While advertising generated modern anxieties about its social and ethical implications, it nevertheless acquired a new centrality in the 1920s.
cynical (adj)
цинічний, безсовісний believing that people only do things to help themselves rather than for good or honest reasons
cynically
цинічно in a way that shows mistrust in the motives of others Some company consciously and cynically exploit their customers' confusion in this way.
rolling news
цілодобові новини News reports that are broadcast 24 hours a day Then there's the rolling news we have on the TV day and night.
integrity
цілісність (чесність) (n.) honesty, high moral standards; an unimpaired condition, completeness, soundness The problems for the conservator of modern art differ fundamentally from those that concern conservators of old master works, where the goal is to preserve as faithfully as possible the integrity of the original.
price sensitivity
цінова чутливість, чутливість цін The degree to which the price of a product affects consumers' purchasing behavior. Most of the companies in these industries started out with product and pricing strategies designed to provide value to a variety of customer segments, each with its own needs and price sensitivitives.
charming
чарівний, милий, привабливий very pleasant or attractive Of course, that means the accommodation is pretty basic, but the place is altogether so charming that I didn't mind at all.
time goes so fast
час швидко йде time disapeard It just goes so fast and there aren't enough hours in the day to get everything done.
partial
частковий, небайдужий, упереджений (adj.) not complete; favoring one side over another; showing a strong liking for someone or something
draft (noun)
чернетка a rough written version of something that is not yet in its final form
Virtues
чесноти behavior showing high moral standards Lyrics, novels and paintings began to emphasize the beauty of nature and the virtues of rural life
pressurise
чинити тиск, тиснути морально на когось to persuade somebody to do something, especially by making them feel that they have to or should do it Customers can often feel pressurised into buying a product they don't need.
sheer
чистий, абсолютний, істинний adjective always used before a noun - used to emphasize the large amount, size, or degree of something Much of our ferocious consumption arises simply from the sheer number of goods available.
member of parliament (noun)
член парламенту represents a local community in the government
tradesman's entrance
чорний вхід, задній вхід, вхід торговця I soon realised my status when I was asked to use the tradesman's entrance.
prune
чорнослив dried plum Lutein, linked to vision health, is now added to prune juice.
magnificent
чудовий; пишний; величний extremely attractive and impressive; deserving praise
frantic (adj)
шалений, безумний (adj) done quickly and with a lot of activity, but in a way that is not very well organized synonym hectic However, people born and raised in rural areas enjoy the slow pace of life and often feel overwhelmed by the frantic pace of the city
scam
шахрайство, обман an attempt to trick someone, usually with the intention of stealing money or private information However, within a relatively short space of time, we were mired in problems caused by things like online scams and viruses - traps aimed at crashing our computers and even stealing our identity.
rapid (adj)
швидкий happening in a short period of timedone or happening very quickly
snappy
швидкий quick and energetic The agency approved wording that is not quite as snappy for package design.
fleeting (adj)
швидкоплинний lasting only a short time synonym brief I think that , when you get near the end of it, your life must seem brief and fleeting
perishable
швидкопсувний likely to spoil or decay Much of the insight is coming from minuscule samples of textiles, which archaeologists categorise as 'fibre perishables'.
chic
шикарний very fashionable and elegant synonym stylish
thorn
шип, колючка a sharp-pointed tip on a stem or leaf
broadsheet
широкоформатна газета Newspaper double the size of a tabloid. Baxter's study involved a detailed analysis of national broadsheets and one tabloid from each candidate's local area.
gale-force wind
шквальний вітер Winds with speeds of over 62 kilometres per hour Gale force winds hindered the progress of the rescue teams.
harm (noun)
шкода damage or injury that is caused by a person or an event We use harm for things or people. 1. The spider's bite is painful, but it is harmless to humans. 2. Pesticides may help control pests but they are also harmful/damaging/devastating to local wildlife.
damage
шкода, пошкодити physical harm caused to something which makes it less attractive, useful or valuable We use damage only for things. 1. The oil spill caused a great deal of damage to seabirds. 2. Heavy rains and devasting/damaging winds caused several trees to fall. 3. Farms were attacked by a swarm of locusts that devasted/damaging crops in the area. 4. Pesticides may help control pests but they are also harmful/damaging/devastating to local wildlife.
pulley
шків, коловорот A simple machine that consists of a rope that fits into a groove in a wheel He also demonstrated how to lift great weights by means of levers and pulleys, and ways of cleaning harbours by using a pump to suck up water from great depths.
pest
шкідник any organism that damages valuable crops Of course, not everything is depleted , and these harsh conditions encourage the growth of weeds and also allow pests to proliferate.
typeface
шрифт styles of lettering; also called fonts Newspapers almost never printed ads wider than a single column and generally eschewed illustrations and even special typefaces.
assault sb with sth
штурмувати когось чимось attack Health club companies also have a long history of luring customers with attractive short-term offers, assaulting them with aggressive sales pitches, and then binding them with long-term contracts. The researchers found 96 pairs of convicted burglers, and 406 pairs who had been charged with assault.
noise pollution (noun)
шумове забруднення noise, such as that from traffic, that upsets people where they live or work and is considered to be unhealthy for them
thyroid
щитовидна залоза a small gland in the neck that affects growth The introduction of iodine to Morton Salt in 1924 was instrumental in eradicating a dangerous thyroid condition called goiter from the U.S. population.
lest
щоб не було, хоть би не було for fear that - used to say that you do not want something to happen used when you are saying something in order to prevent something from happening The US government's conservation campaign used slogans such as 'Make economy fashionable lest it become obligatory' and resulted in an approximate 10% reduction in the productionof trash.
dense (adj)
щільний, густий, глибокий (adj) difficult to understand because it contains a lot of information
explicitly
явно, точно expressly, definitely, specifically Of course, only the most flagrant companies would explicitly persuade customers into making bad choices.
ibis
ібіс (порода птаха) a large wading bird related to herons His team analysed sample from cat, hawk and ibis mummies.
ignore
іггнорувати to pay no attention to something synonym disregard
defy
ігнорувати, кидати виклик, сперечатися refuse to obey Go to Bhutan, and you may well find yourself driving for hours along terrifying, winding mountain passes and then climbing to a monastery perched on a cliff that seems to defy all laws of physics.
isolated (adj)
ізольований (adj) far away from any others
insulation
ізоляція a substance that reduces the transfer of electricity, heat, or sound A proportion of clothing purchases are recycled, mainly in three ways: clothing may be resold by the primary consumer to other consumers at a lower price, it may be exported in bulk for sale in developing countries, or it may be chemically or mechanically recycled into raw material that can be used to produce insulation.
household name
ім'я/назва, відома кожному a famous person that most people know of
impulsive
імпульсивний Acting or done without forethought
induction
індукція (офіційне введення на посаду) the formal act or process of placing someone into a new job, position, government office, etc. Each new group member is expected to undergo a special unduction programme.
innovate
інновації, оновлювати to introduce new things, ideas or ways of doing something
institute
інститут, засновувати (v.) to establish, set up; (n.) an organization for the promotion of learning After taking the throne in 1974, King Jigme Singye Wangchuck instituted a number of policies designed to preserve the country's cultural identity.
intensively
інтенсивно severely of farming :designed to increase production without using more land I think it's common knowledge that intensively reared livestock suffer horribly because of their cramped living conditions.
interval
інтервал the distance between any two pitches After waiting half an hour, they simulated the ants' return by dropping glass beads into the nest entrance at regular intervals - some coated with patroller scent stimulated foragers to leave the nest
online retailer (noun)
інтернет-магазин person who sells by internet
infection (noun)
інфекція the act or process of causing or getting a disease
infrared photography
інфрачервона фотографія Can be used to monitor the growth and vigor of vegetation, and detect disease plant material from healthy That x-rays, ultraviolet and infrared photography, and chemical analysis - tools used to probe works centuries old - are now being employed on more recent art confirms that modernism has entered history.
edible
їстівний safe or fit to be eaten So they're hoping to make an edible vaccine using tomatoes, that'll be easier to ship, store and even administer to patients.