Nutrition in Health: Chapter 9: Vitamin Overview and Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Vitamin _____ is necessary for the metabolism of the minerals calcium and phosphorus, and the production and maintenance of healthy bones.

D

Vitamin ______ is necessary for the metabolism of the minerals calcium and phosphorus, and the production and maintenance of healthy bones.

D

Long-term studies _____ in showing that high intakes of vitamin E consistently reduced the risk of chronic disease.

failed

What vitamin deficiency will result in blood that does not clot effectively?

Vitamin K

What vitamin is found in plant and animal food sources but can also be synthesized by bacteria in the intestinal tract?

Vitamin K

Which fat-soluble vitamin is involved in the production of active blood clotting factors?

Vitamin K

Describe treatment for cystic fibrosis

diet medications airway clearance surgery

What roles does vitamin A play in the body?

-Formation of epithelial -Cell production -Cell growth

Vitamin D comes from both plant and animal food sources, the _____ form of vitamin D is called ergocalciferol.

plant

Several studies have displayed a relationship with vitamin K intake and _____ risk of osteoporosis.

reduced

Cooking vegetables in small amounts of water, cutting produce into large pieces, and cooking fruits and vegetables with their skins are all effective ways to reduce the loss of _____ that easily leach out of food and dissolve in cooking water.

water-soluble vitamins

What are some common foods fortified with vitamin D?

-ready-to-cereal -milk -orange juice

The _______ ________ is the primary site of vitamin absorption.

small intestine

The term vitamin gets its meaning from _______.

vita-meaning necessary for life amine-a nitrogen containing substance

What is a complex organic compound that regulates certain metabolic process in the body?

vitamin

Vitamin A is transported in the blood bound to _______-_______ ________.

retinol-binding protein

Children with leg bones that bow under the weight of carrying the upper part of the body is a sign of ______, a disease resulting from vitamin D deficieny.

rickets

Most people do not need to be concerned about vitamin toxicity unless they are

taking megadose of vitamin supplements or consuming large amounts of vitamin-fortified foods.

Which statement is most accurate? A healthy diet requires that a person consume 100% of the RDA of AI of each vitamin on a daily basis. A nutritionally adequate diet can supply vitamins that last for days and even years.

A nutritionally adequate diet can supply vitamins that last for days and even years.

Why is it not necessary to consume 100% of every vitamin each day?

Body cells can store vitamins to some extent. Your body can synthesize vitamin D. Bacteria in your lower intestine tract can produce certain vitamins.

Who is least at risk for developing a vitamin A deficiency?

Children who like vegetables

Alpha-tocopherol is a form of vitamin ____.

E

Clinical studies have provided support for taking vitamin A or beta-carotene supplements to reduce the risk of CVD.

False

Vitamin E supplementation has been shown to reduce the risk of chronic disease.

False

Which of the following is true about vitamin K?

Green leafy vegetables are good food sources

Which foods are good sources of vitamin D?

Herring, Salmon, Milk

Where is most of the vitamin A in the body stored?

Liver

Where does the healthy body store vitamin E?

Liver, Skeletal muscle, Body fat

What of the following are major food sources of vitamin K?

Margarine and salad dressing Green leafy vegetables Soybean and canola oils

Which of the following is true about vitamin E?

Only the alpha-tocopherol form of vitamin E is used by the body.

What is the primary site of vitamin absorption?

Small intestine

Which foods are good sources of vitamin E?

Sunflower seeds and plant oils

What increases a person's risk for a vitamin toxicity?

Taking a megadose of vitamin. Consuming large amounts of vitamin-fortified foods.

A high level of salt in sweat is a positive sign for a diagnosis of

cystic fibrosis

The amine in vitamin means _______.

a nitrogen-containing substance

Vitamin K deficiency may develop in individuals on long-term antibiotic therapy because such therapy can _____ the number of bacteria in the colon that synthesize the vitamin naturally.

reduce

What are some signs and symptoms of rickets?

-Muscle pain -Soft bones -Misshapen bones

What is the primary function of vitamin K?

Blood clotting

About 10% of the body 's supply of menaquinone (vitamin K2) is supplied by____.

intestinal bacteria

Several long-term studies have shown a(n) ______ relationship between vitamin K intake and the risk for osteoporosis.

inverse

Which roles does vitamin D play in the body?

-Assists with absorption of calcium -Maintenance of bones -Production of bones -Maintains phosphorus levels in blood

Preserving water-soluble vitamins in food preparation can be achieved by

-Cooking fruits and vegetables with their skins -Cutting produce into large pieces -Cooking vegetables in small amounts of water

Which of the following are major food sources of vitamin K?

-Green leafy vegetables -Margarine and salad dressing -Soybean and canola oils

Choose the true statements about vitamins.

-Most commonly eaten foods do not contain toxic levels of vitamins. -Taking a "once daily" multivitamins in unlikely to produce toxic effects in adults. -Toxicity is more likely to occur when taking excessive amounts of vitamin supplements.

Match each vitamin with its major function in the body. Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K

-Normal vision and reproduction, cellular growth, and immune system function. -absorption of calcium and phosphorus, maintenance of normal blood calcium, calcification of bone, and maintenance of immune function. -antioxidant -production of active blood-clotting factors, prevention of soft tissue calcification.

Which groups of people are most at risk for developing a vitamin A deficiency?

-People with fat malabsorption -Older adults -Preschoolers who don't eat vegetables

What criteria must a nutrient meet to be classified as a vitamin?

-The body cannot make it at all or in sufficient quantities to maintain good health. -The nutrient occurs in commonly eaten foods. -Signs and symptoms of a health problem occur if the nutrient is missing from the diet.

Choose the true statements about vitamin D.

-Vitamin D is not considered as essential nutrient. -Calciferol comes from plant and animal sources. -Vitamin D is considered a hormone.

Poor disease management of cystic fibrosis results in

-destruction of pancreatic tissue -blockage of ducts leading to and form the pancreas -reduced enzymatic activity that cause nutrient malabsorption

Factors associated with low vitamin D status include _____.

-excess body fat -drinking milk less than once a week -screentime more than 4 hours daily

Vitamin K deficiency can commonly develop in people who______.

-have cystic fibrosis -have a condition that impairs fat absorption -have liver disease

Vitamin E functions to ______.

-maintain nervous tissue. -maintain immune system function. -protect polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes.

Vitamin E functions to _____.

-protect polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes -maintain immune system function -maintain nervous tissue

How many calories are provided from 60 mg of vitamin C?

0

According to a nationwide survey, approximately ______of American adults had low blood levels of vitrmin D.

50%

Vitamin ______ participates in the development of epithelial cells, the production of white blood cells, and bone growth.

A

Why is a vitamin E deficiency rare?

Because the healthy body stores the vitamin in body, fat, skeleton muscle, and the liver.

Which of the following foods would NOT be a good source of vitamin D?

Cucumbers

_______ _______ is a condition that results in the overproduction of mucus that negatively affects the lungs, pancreas, liver, intestines, sinuses, and sexual organs.

Cystic fibrosis

If left untreated, children with cystic fibrosis usually experience delayed growth and malnutrition.

True

What is a complex organic compound that regulates certain metabolic processes in the body?

Vitamin

Choose the vitamins that are fat-soluble.

Vitamin A Vitamin C Vitamin D Vitamin E

What fat-soluble vitamin serves as a major antioxidant in the body?

Vitamin E

Which of the following are fat-soluble vitamins?

Vitamin K Vitamin D Vitamin A

A class of mainly yellow, orange, or red pigments, which give color to fruits and vegetables, are called ______.

carotenoids

The yellow-orange pigments in fruits and vegetables are called _______.

carotenoids

Dark green fruits and vegetables that contain carotenoids are not yellow-orange in color because of the presence of

chlorophyll

Dark green fruits and vegetables that contain carotenoids are not yellow-orange in color because of the presence of _________.

chlorophyll

Dark green fruits and vegetables that contain carotenoids contain _____ which hides the yellow-orange pigment.

chlorophyll

A sweat test that measure the level of salt in sweat is a positive sign for the diagnosis of _______ ________.

cystic fibrosis

Vitamin E protects the polyunsaturated fatty acids that are located in cell membranes form being damaged by ______ _______.

free radicals

Vitamin K deficiency can commonly develop in people who____.

have liver disease have cystic fibrosis have a condition that impairs fat absorption

Clinical studies ______ provided support for taking vitamin A or beta-carotene supplements to reduce the risk of CVD.

have not

Plant oils, such as sunflower, safflower, canola, and olive oils, as well as margarine and salad dressing, are rich food sources of _______.

vitamin E

Vitamins provide _______ kilocalories per gram.

zero