Nutrition Learning Curves (2,12, 15, and 16)

What is the minimum hot holding temperature?

135 Farenheit

Following the U.S Department of Health and Human Services recommendations, Erik participates in at least _____________ minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week.

150 (2 hours and 30 minutes)

A 150-lb athlete who experiences fluid loss equal to 2% of his body weight during exercise should consume at least __________ ounces of fluids to rehydrate.

48

Each year in the United States roughly _________ million people get sick from contaminated food.

48

What is the minimum amount of permanent weight loss that can significantly reduce the risk of chronic disease and premature death?

5%

A food high in both saturated fat and added sugar is:

A glazed doughnut

Exercise intensity is often estimated as:

A percent of one's VO2max

Consider several options for obtaining and preparing a mixed green salad. If it is assumed that you do not contaminate the salad, which of these options has the largest number of opportunities for foodborne pathogens to be introduced?

A salad prepared and sold at your local grocery store

Health Claims can be made when:

A supplement is proven to reduce the risk of disease

Health claims can be made when:

A supplement is proven to reduce the risk of disease

Excess fat in what region increases the risk of chronic disease most severely?

Abdomen

An individual who is involuntarily losing body weight is NOT successfully applying which characteristic of a healthy diet?

Adequacy

Leptin is produced primarily by:

Adipose Cells

Which of the following CORRECTLY completes this sentence? The FDA monitors supplements for:

Adverse Effects

NEAT (nonexercise activity thermogenesis) includes:

All the activities of daily living

The process by which the body builds muscle mass and lean tissue is called __________.

Anabolism

How does appetite compare with hunger?

Appetite is often a product of sensory stimuli (the sight or smell of appealing foods), whereas hunger is the product of internal biological processes.

Most individuals in the United States who take supplements:

Are in good health

Which is NOT a function of probiotics in the body? A. Synthesize vitamin K B. Displace beneficial intestinal bacteria C. Enhance mineral absorption D. Promote immune system health

B. Displace beneficial intestinal bacteria

Which of the following will decrease BMR? A. Thyroid Hormone B. Kcal Restriction C. Trauma D. Smoking

B. Kcal Restriction

Which food borne pathogen CANNOT be killed even after heating foods?

Bacillius Cereus

Total energy expenditure (TEE) includes:

Basal metabolism, thermic effect of food, and activity energy expended

Which food is a good source of prebiotics?

Beans

Which of the following will NOT be listed on the Supplement Facts Panel in decreasing order of predominance by weight?

Botanicals

Which of the following is NOT an example of a processed food? A. Whole Wheat Bread B. Ready-to-eat breakfast cereal C. Chicken Breast D. Canned Green Beans

C. Chicken Breast

Which of the following is an anaerobic fuel? A. Fatty Acids B. Lactate C. Glucose D. Pyruvate

C. Glucose

Which of the following statements would be considered a selected qualified health claim? A. Diets low in saturated fats and rich in foods such as fruits and vegetables, which contain soluble fibers, may reduce the risk of heart disease. B. Diets rich in folate may help to reduce the risk of a woman giving birth to an infant with neural tube defects. C. Green tea may reduce the risk of breast or prostate cancer. The FDA has established there is little scientific evidence for this claim. D. Consuming a diet that is adequate in calcium will help to build strong bones and teeth.

C. Green tea may reduce the risk of a woman giving birth to an infant with neural tube defects.

Which of the following is a botanical ingredient contained in a product labeled as a "Tomato Lycopene" supplement? A. Lycopene B. Natural Beat-Carotene C. Natural Tomato Extract D. Sunflower Lecithin

C. Natural Tomato Extract

Foods such as raw unpasteurized milk and raw or undercooked poultry are a common source of which pathogen?

Campylobacter

One serving of dairy is a

Carton of yogurt

When choosing a multivitamin supplement, what should one do?

Choose supplements carefully to avoid interactions with prescription or over-the-counter drugs.

What is the proper technique to thoroughly clean utensils and countertops and prevent the spread of foodborne illness?

Cleaning used utensils and countertops with a dilute bleach solution

Which energy system produces ATP most quickly?

Creatine Phosphate

Which food source needs to be cooked at the highest internal temperature before serving? A. Fish B. Ground Beef C. Pork Chop D. Leftover Food Items

D. Leftover Food Items

Which of the following is a FALSE statement about dietary supplements? A. The FDA does no evaluate their ability to provide the claimed benefits. B. The FDA must prove a product is unsafe to stop its sale. C. The FDA does not verify that supplements are safe prior to their sale. D. The FDA approves new dietary ingredients in supplements before they are sold.

D. The FDA approves new dietary ingredients in supplements before they are sold.

Which of the following does not give us energy? A. An alcoholic beverage B. Grilled chicken breast C. Sugar-sweetened soft drink D. Zero-calorie energy drink

D. Zero-calorie energy drink

You are hosting a dinner party in two hours and need to defrost chicken in time for your guests to arrive, which method could you use to safely defrost the chicken?

Defrost the chicken in the microwave

The prevalence of obesity is believed to be due to:

Energy-rich diets

What two factors are most responsible for the rapid rise in the prevalence of obesity that has occurred in the last few decades?

Environment and Behaviors

Which pathogen causes severe, often bloody diarrhea and is often present in undercooked beef and raw foods?

Escherichia Coli

Which pathogen would produce a foodborne infection?

Escherichia Coli

Variations in basal metabolism from person to person is accounted for by individual differences in:

Fat-free mass (FFM)

What law expanded the authority of the FDA to oversee new dietary ingredients?

Food Safety Modernization Act

The government agency that regulates food and dietary supplement labels is the ______________.

Food and Drug Administration

What best describes the difference between food borne infection and food borne intoxication?

Food borne infection results when microorganisms are consumed then multiply in the intestines, whereas food borne intoxication results in the consumption of foods contamination with poisonous chemicals or bacteria.

Which category would NOT be considered "organic" under USDA standards?

Food with specific organic ingredients

Inadequate consumption of these foods is associated with increased risk of disease.

Fruits and vegetables

What might be a potential benefit of genetically modified (GMO) foods?

GMO plants can express desirable food traits, such as increased nutritional value.

The amount of which of the following ingredients would not be shown on the supplement facts panel?

Gelatin

How do we know when we are hungry?

Ghrelin activates specific neurons in the brain.

The following statement is an example of which type of claim? "Diets that are high in fiber from fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, may reduce the risk of certain cancers."

Health Claim

Miguel replaced his usual snack of potato chips with a fresh orange. His snack is now

High in fiber

What are the three components of the female athlete triad?

Inadequate Energy Intake, Amenorrhea, and Bone Loss

Who might benefit from an iron supplement?

Individuals with absorption issues

Who might greatly benefit from a multivitamin supplement?

Individuals with limited food choices

Fat secretes hormones that can cause low-grade chronic _____.

Inflammation

Where on the supplement facts panel would you find information on binders, fillers, or flavors?

Ingredients not listed above

How does chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissues affect our health?

It contributes to the development of many chronic diseases.

Which scenarios will likely prevent the cross-contamination of foods?

Keep meats separate from fresh foods, such as fruits, in the refrigerator

We know that we are satisfied (full) when:

Leptin in the blood increases

Which adverse effect is linked to high doses of the botanical supplement senna?

Liver failure

The aerobic energy system occurs in the:

Mitochondria

An individual who appreciates that they must make wise choices regarding how much energy-dense food they eat (like ice cream)-and how often they eat it- typifies the application of which characteristic of a healthy diet?

Moderation

The most significant factor leading to exhaustion during aerobic exercise is depletion of:

Muscle Glycogen

_____________ activities incorporate motor skills such as balance, agility, and coordination.

Neuromotor

Which foodborne pathogen causes the most illnesses?

Norovirus

A food that is described as having a high nutrient density provides a relatively high level of:

Nutrients per calorie

What is TRUE about the prevalence of obesity in the United States since 1980?

Obesity has become more prevalent in adults and children in the United States.

Which of the following choices is the best example of a food that has a low energy density?

Orange

What is TRUE about hunger for most healthy people?

Our bodies will let us know when we are hungry and when we are full.

_______ is described as the excess intake of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods that increase the risk of obesity and other chronic disease.

Overnutrition

Researcher Helen Lee's study shows that:

People's food choices are based on many factors.

A food high in sodium is:

Pepperoni Pizza

Yogurt treated with bacterial cultures may help to:

Promote gastrointestinal health

What type of claim can be used when emerging but limited evidence to support the relationship between a supplement ingredient and the reduced risk of a disease or condition?

Qualified Health Claim

A team of scientists is researching how the composition of a meal affects the amount of food consumed at a meal. What specific process are they studying?

Satiation

What method of determining body composition is least accurate for those with excessive abdominal obesity?

Skinfold Thickness

Because Andy has high blood pressure and heart disease, he must lower his intake of:

Sodium

Listeria monocytogenes is commonly found in which types of food products?

Soft, unpasteurized cheeses

Which pathogen would produce food borne intoxication?

Staphylococcus Aureus

What is TRUE about flexibility training?

Stretches can be performed to the point of feeling slight discomfort.

A vitamin/mineral supplement has this claim on the label: Boots immunity. What type of claim is this>

Structure/function claim

Which of the following is LEAST consistent with the notion of appetite? A. Pleasure B. Survival C. Anticipation D. Reward

Survival

What happens with age in regards to the absorption of vitamin D?

The absorption of vitamin D decreases as we age.

In agreement with the laws of thermodynamics, what happens to excess energy that we consume?

The excess energy is stored as fat.

Why do individuals who regularly consume high amounts of caffeine not experience an increase in BMR?

They may have developed tolerance to the effects of caffeine.

If the hormone leptin suppresses hunger, then why do people ever become obese?

They seem to be resistant to the effects of the hormone.

Which of the following most accurately and completely describes what will always be TRUE of someone who is on a low-calorie diet?

They will lose both fat and muscle mass.

For which nutrient should we NOT strive to meet or exceed its Daily Value?

Total Fat

Turkey dinner with all the trimmings is always on the menu for Thanksgiving Day. What is the most likely reason for selecting these foods?

Tradition

A 10-year-old-child has been diagnosed with anemia. When asked about his diet, he reveals that he chronically feels hungry and usually there is no food in the house. This individual would be classified as:

Undernourished

Applying which characteristic of a healthy diet can best ensure a sufficient intake of phytochemicals?

Variety

Consuming foods of many different colors most directly helps us to achieve which characteristic of a healthy diet?

Variety

An individual who is vegan would most likely benefit from which dietary supplement?

Vitamin B12

Vegans=

Vitamin B12

A breastfed infant should be given which dietary supplement?

Vitamin D

Which one of the most common symptoms of foodborne illness?

Vomiting

Why does BMR decline with age?

We tend to have higher proportions of fat mass as we get older.

Energy-dense foods are foods with a high number of calories for their:

Weight

Why do women have a lower BMR than men?

Women have proportionally lower fat-free mass (FFM).