Nutrition Test
Core and Complementary Foods Model
Core foods are the staples eaten on a daily basis Secondary foods are widely eaten but not daily Peripheral foods are eaten only sporadically Combinations of core and peripheral foods or other combinations may improve taste, palatability, and nutrient values of total diet Changes in food behaviors more likely in peripheral than in core foods
living life according to God's will
Defining health: African Americans/Latinos/Middle Easter
dependent on the universe and balance between polar elements (ying and yang)
Defining health: Asians
harmony with nature
Defining health: Native Americans
changes in meal preparation techniques
During acculturation, changes in the meal patterns of Mexican Americans are most likely to include
Sephardim and Ashkenazi
During the Diaspora (the dispersion of Jews outside the homeland of Israel), Jews scattered and settled all over the ancient world. Two sects of Judaism eventually developed:
Aging
Emphasis on youthfulness - biomedical model
intra-ethnic variation
Flavor principles are the preparation and seasoning of foods to match the identifying spices and ingredients of a culture.
true
Flavor principles are the preparation and seasoning of foods to match the identifying spices and ingredients of a culture.
touching
Handshakes, hugging, kissing, placing a hand an the arm or shoulder, unintentional bumping
forbidden
Hindus are not all vegetarian, but cows are considered sacred and the meat of the cow is considered
2-4 times as great
How does the incidence of type 2 diabetes among Native Americans (especially those in the Plains and Southwest) compare to that of the general population?
true
In many high-context cultures with large power distances, the role of the patient is to follow the medical advice given by the doctor, who is the expert
program design
In nutrition education, triangulation relates to a method of checking
Chile
People from what country were the first documented South Americans to come to the U.S.?
healing
What is the term for addressing the experience of illness, alleviating the infirmities of the sick, and responding to the personal, familial, and social issues surrounding sickness?
Glatt
What is the term for the strictest kosher standards?
Mesitzos
What is the term used to describe Mexicans of mixed Indian and Spanish ancestry?
harmony
What term best describes the Native American approach to life?
process
What type of evaluation keeps track of progress throughout an educational program?
osteopathic
What type of medicine proposes that blood and lymph flow, as well as nerve function, improves through manipulation of the musculoskeletal system?
Acculturation
When people from on ethnicity move to an area with different cultural norms, adaption to the new society begins, takes place among a continuum of behavior patterns that can be fluid, moving back and forth between traditional practices and adopted customs
Puerto Rico
Which Caribbean Island culture adds a "cool" category to the hot-cold system for diet and health?
Latinos
Which cultural group is most likely to avert their eyes as a sign of respect?
herbal teas
Which of the following is a popular home remedy in Central America?
the head
Which part of the body is most sacred to many cultures and should not be touched?
cultural identity
a collective identity with food habits associated with religious beliefs or ethnic behaviors
low-context communication
actual words are more important than who is receiving the message or the nonverbal messages that accompany them information presented in linear, logical sequences Swiss, Germans, Scandinavians, Americans, Europe mostly
Human Equality
all patients deserve equal access to healthcare
masa harina
corn flour
Cultural membership or social identity is defined by
ethnicity
When considering diet in the context of other cultures, food habits can be classified according to nutritional impact. Which category of food habits is the first factor that should be considered?
food use that has positive health consequences and should be encouraged
which phrase is the best definition of culture?
he beliefs, attitudes, values, and practices of a community of individuals
7000
how many nonverbal gestures have been identified?
1 million
in 2010, approximately how many Seventh-Day Adventists lived in the U.S.?
Sympathetic medicine and sympathetic magic use the word sympathetic to mean
items that have visible characteristics similar to human body parts or organs.
Disparities in _________ rates, chronic disease incidence, and access to care are prevalent among many U.S. ethnic groups.
mortality
Among the elements that differ regarding a meal are
order of meal courses
Children learn food preferences from valued or trusted others. Who has the least long-lasting influence?
parents
During 2007-2008, the National Center for Health Statistics in the United States reported that the average daily energy intake for women was _______ kcalories (kcal).
1,771
culturally specific preferences become apparent at what age?
3-6
high-context communication
A style of communication in which much of the information is contained in the contexts and nonverbal cues rather than expressed explicitly in words. Asian, Middle-Eastern, Native American
blood from any animal
According to kosher standards, which food(s) is/are not permitted?
16%
According to the 2011 Canadian census, what percent of the population claim membership in no religion?
sickness
According to the Seventh-Day Adventists, what results from violating the laws of health?
47%
Alcohol intake was found to increase by approximately what percentage between Mexican Americans who were born in Mexico and first-generation Mexican Americans born in the U.S.?
false
All members of a cultural group can be expected to have the same high- or low-context dispositions towards communication, regardless of the situation in which communication is taking place.
Green Corn Festival
As thanks for a plentiful summer harvest, southern Native American nations celebrated what festival?
400
In the area that is today the United States, there are estimated to be about _____ different distinct Native American nations.
Greece
In what country are eggs typically dyed red for Easter?
Role of the individual
Individual is seen as a single, biological unit • Treatment is focused solely on the client; confidentiality is mandatory
Halal
Islamic dietary laws
false
It is always useful to use children as the translators in a medical setting because the child often knows the language better than the parents
Kashrut
Jewish dietary laws
Intercultural communication
Language and the context in which words are interpreted • Gestures • Posture • Spatial relationships • Concepts of time • Status/Hierarchy of individuals • Role of individual within a group • Setting
individuality
Majority American values emphasize ________ and control over fate.
Consumer Food Choice Model
Many interrelated factors influence an individual making a food selection at a given time Food selection primarily determined by taste: Color, aroma, texture, flavor; sugar and fats preferred Combining core and peripheral foods, flavor principles, meal elements What is expected is preferred Cost often the second most important influence Convenience - how much time for food preparation and eating Religious beliefs Self expression/self identity Advertising Physical and spiritual well-being Life stage: teen years, elderly, growth, maturity Developmental issues and perception of appropriate foods Gender State of health - from physical ability to eat certain foods to choosing certain foods based on perceived medicinal values Variety: the omnivore's paradox comes in to play - humans are motivated to try new foods
true
Maté is a beverage commonly drunk in South America that is made as a tea.
Symbolic use of food
Meanings from relationship, association, or convention - not nutrient content Example: associations with bread: staff of life, breaking bread with friends, white bread as upper class status, whole wheat as valuing health
fruits
Mexican Americans have high dietary consumption compliance regarding recommendations for what food group?
Sassafras
Native Americans of the southern region used _____ to thicken soups and stews, brew tea, and prepare a seasoning called filé powder
Flavor Principles
Preparation combinations and seasoning of foods to match flavor principles Transformation of feeding into eating - the significance of flavors are central to a cultural cuisine Flavor is imparted by geography, latitude, longitude, climate How foods are prepared for cooking, how they are cooked, and how they are preserved all contribute to signature flavors Herbs and spices Help palatability, enjoyment Produce physiological responses Disguise spoiled food flavors Preserve food as antimicrobial agents Unique seasoning combinations typify ethnic flavor principle Many very specific flavor principles associated with individual culture Serve as a marker for a culture's cuisine, not a doctrine
Kwakiutl
Regular seasonal migration of salmon created a constant and reliable protein source for which of the following groups?
medicine men
Sacred healers with exceptional powers among the Native American groups are called
false
The average Native American life expectancy is approximately 4.2 years greater when compared to the U.S. population
medical pluralism
The consecutive or concurrent use of multiple health care systems is called
Torah
The first five books of the Hebrew Bible are called the
False
The health beliefs of Caribbean Islanders are unique among Latinos
globalization
The integration of local, regional, and national phenomena into an unrestricted worldwide organization is
Roman Catholic
The majority of Caribbean Islanders are of what religion?
false
The number of Puerto Ricans who live in New York City is about half the number living in San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Malays
The origins of Mexican cuisine is least likely to stem from the
Maguey Cactus
The sap of what plant is credited with being a reliable substitute for fresh water in the arid countryside of Mexico?
moxibustion
To relieve yin (too much cold), a small, burning bundle of herbs is used to restore balance of energy. What is this procedure called?
Biomedicine
Traditional healthcare of the US • Based on science and research findings • Treat disease using technology
gesture
Waving hello or goodbye, standing to indicate respect, nodding
Omnivore's Paradox
We are a flexible but cautious species; attraction to new but preference for familiar Need to experiment combined with need for conservation Conserve safe food choices within a culture through ritual and repletion
ethnicity (or nationality), age, gender
What characteristics represent the "tip of the iceberg" in the iceberg analogy used to describe communication?
coparenting
What does the term for the Puerto Rican concept of family—compadrazgo—mean?
Pacific Islanders
What ethnicity focuses most on the belief that fulfilling social obligations is essential to health and that disharmony with family or village members can result in illness?
tortillas
What is flat, griddle-fried cornmeal bread called?
tannic acid
What is the harmful substance contained in acorns that must be leached out before consumption?
coffee
What is the most popular beverage in the Caribbean?
wojapi
What is the name for thick pudding made from bison suet and berries?
Roman Catholic
What is the predominant religion in South America?
Latino
What is the proper term used to describe people originally from Mexico?
context
the affective and physical cues a speaker uses to indicate meaning (tone of voice, facial expression, posture, gestures)
conversation context
the affective and physical cues used to indicate meaning - tone of voice, facial expression, posture, gestures
health attributes
the characteristics associated with health also defined/specified culturally
Cultural imposition
the tendency for health care providers to enforce their beliefs, practices, and values upon clients
is unseen and not readily apparent
In the "iceberg model of multicultural influences on communication," the iceberg analogy is used because much of what affects communication
facial expression
• Deliberate looks of attention or questioning, grimacing, smiling