nutrition UNIT 1 ch 3

The acidic environment of the stomach is beneficial in

1) making dietary minerals soluble 2) activating some digestive enzymes 3) Partially digesting protein

The high energy compound generated by the metabolism of carbs, fats, and proteins in the cells is called ______

ATP

What is true regarding fiber in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrom?

At least half of patients see improvement with a low-FODMAP diet

What yields energy?

Carbs, fat, and protein

Nutrition therapy for mild cases of constipation include

Consuming more fiber daily and consuming more fluids daily

The initial goal of diet therapy for diarrhea is to provide

Fluids and electrolytes

Pain, nausea, gagging, cough, or hoarseness are all symptoms of ______

GERD

symptoms of GERD

Gagging, nausea, and hoarseness

In those with celiac disease, exposure to _________ causes the villi of the small intestine to flatten

Gluten

Prompt treatment of diarrhea to prevent dehydration is especially important for ______

Infants and older adults

What are some symptoms or signs of irritable bowel syndrome?

Irregular bowel function, abdominal distention, abdominal pain relieved by bowel movement

Although the majority of nutrient absorption takes place in the small intestine, sodium, potassium, water, some fatty acids, and gases can be absorbed by the

Large intestine

pancreas. digestive function

Manufactures hormones

For several months, Clayton has been experiencing gnawing pain in his abdomen about two hours after eating. This morning, he felt ill and vomited what looked like coffee grounds. what is an explanation for his condition

Peptic ulcers

The site of most nutrient absorption is in the

Small intestine

Most ulcers are now attributed to infection with H. pylori. Other risk factors that may contribute to the development of an ulcer include

Smoking and regular use of NSAIDS (anti inflammatory drugs

What are some signs and symptoms that could indicate a peptic ulcer?

abdominal pain after eating, unexpected weight loss, and nausea and vomiting

the chemical breakdown of starch that occurs in the mouth is due to the enzyme action of

amylase

One substance that aids the digestion and absorption of fat in the small intestine is

bile

Regular use of _____ may cause constipation

calcium supplements, antacids, and iron supplements

the breakdown of food due to the action of enzymes would be an example of

chemical digestion

increasing fiber and fluid consumption is adequate to correct mild cases of

constipation

regularly ignoring the urge to defecate may lead to

constipation

True/false: the storage capacity for nutrients is similar for all nutrients

false

The combined surface area of the _____ increase the surface area for nutrient absorption in the small intestine

folds of the mucosa, villi, and microvilli

The villi facilitate absorption of nutrients in the small intestine by

increasing surface area

What substance is necessary for the body to absorb vitamin B-12?

intrinsic factor

Visible abdominal distention, pain relief after bowel movement, increased stool frequency, loose stools with pain onset, mucus in stool, and a feeling of incomplete illumination after a bowel movement are all symptoms associated with _______

irritable bowel syndrome

the pain related to GERD is due to

irritation of the esophagus by stomach acid

fats are digested by

lipase

Fat-soluble nutrients are absorbed into the _____.

lymphatic system

the mixing of food by muscular contractions is an example of

mechanical digestion

H. Pylori bacteria and heavy use of medications that impair mucus production by the stomach are considered the two chief culprits of _________

peptic ulcer disease

the contraction of muscles in the esophagus is called

peristalsis

A substance that serves as fuel for bacteria in the large intestine is called a

prebiotic

Foods containing live microorganisms, which are eaten in an attempt to promote digestive health are called

probiotics

liver, digestive function

produces bile

An enzyme that breaks down the bonds in protein is a

protease

A protease assists in the digestion of which macronutrient?

protein

What nutrients are absorbed in the large intestine?

sodium, potassium, water

Amylase is the enzyme needed to digest _____

starch

Gallbladder, digestive function

stores bile

What dietary components can be absorbed by the cells lining the stomach?

water and alcohol

What type of nutrients are absorbed into the hepatic portal vein and eventually to the liver before they enter the general circulation?

water soluble compounds/vitamins

Peristalsis refers to

waves of muscular contractions that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract