nutrition UNIT 1 ch 3
The acidic environment of the stomach is beneficial in
1) making dietary minerals soluble 2) activating some digestive enzymes 3) Partially digesting protein
The high energy compound generated by the metabolism of carbs, fats, and proteins in the cells is called ______
ATP
What is true regarding fiber in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrom?
At least half of patients see improvement with a low-FODMAP diet
What yields energy?
Carbs, fat, and protein
Nutrition therapy for mild cases of constipation include
Consuming more fiber daily and consuming more fluids daily
The initial goal of diet therapy for diarrhea is to provide
Fluids and electrolytes
Pain, nausea, gagging, cough, or hoarseness are all symptoms of ______
GERD
symptoms of GERD
Gagging, nausea, and hoarseness
In those with celiac disease, exposure to _________ causes the villi of the small intestine to flatten
Gluten
Prompt treatment of diarrhea to prevent dehydration is especially important for ______
Infants and older adults
What are some symptoms or signs of irritable bowel syndrome?
Irregular bowel function, abdominal distention, abdominal pain relieved by bowel movement
Although the majority of nutrient absorption takes place in the small intestine, sodium, potassium, water, some fatty acids, and gases can be absorbed by the
Large intestine
pancreas. digestive function
Manufactures hormones
For several months, Clayton has been experiencing gnawing pain in his abdomen about two hours after eating. This morning, he felt ill and vomited what looked like coffee grounds. what is an explanation for his condition
Peptic ulcers
The site of most nutrient absorption is in the
Small intestine
Most ulcers are now attributed to infection with H. pylori. Other risk factors that may contribute to the development of an ulcer include
Smoking and regular use of NSAIDS (anti inflammatory drugs
What are some signs and symptoms that could indicate a peptic ulcer?
abdominal pain after eating, unexpected weight loss, and nausea and vomiting
the chemical breakdown of starch that occurs in the mouth is due to the enzyme action of
amylase
One substance that aids the digestion and absorption of fat in the small intestine is
bile
Regular use of _____ may cause constipation
calcium supplements, antacids, and iron supplements
the breakdown of food due to the action of enzymes would be an example of
chemical digestion
increasing fiber and fluid consumption is adequate to correct mild cases of
constipation
regularly ignoring the urge to defecate may lead to
constipation
True/false: the storage capacity for nutrients is similar for all nutrients
false
The combined surface area of the _____ increase the surface area for nutrient absorption in the small intestine
folds of the mucosa, villi, and microvilli
The villi facilitate absorption of nutrients in the small intestine by
increasing surface area
What substance is necessary for the body to absorb vitamin B-12?
intrinsic factor
Visible abdominal distention, pain relief after bowel movement, increased stool frequency, loose stools with pain onset, mucus in stool, and a feeling of incomplete illumination after a bowel movement are all symptoms associated with _______
irritable bowel syndrome
the pain related to GERD is due to
irritation of the esophagus by stomach acid
fats are digested by
lipase
Fat-soluble nutrients are absorbed into the _____.
lymphatic system
the mixing of food by muscular contractions is an example of
mechanical digestion
H. Pylori bacteria and heavy use of medications that impair mucus production by the stomach are considered the two chief culprits of _________
peptic ulcer disease
the contraction of muscles in the esophagus is called
peristalsis
A substance that serves as fuel for bacteria in the large intestine is called a
prebiotic
Foods containing live microorganisms, which are eaten in an attempt to promote digestive health are called
probiotics
liver, digestive function
produces bile
An enzyme that breaks down the bonds in protein is a
protease
A protease assists in the digestion of which macronutrient?
protein
What nutrients are absorbed in the large intestine?
sodium, potassium, water
Amylase is the enzyme needed to digest _____
starch
Gallbladder, digestive function
stores bile
What dietary components can be absorbed by the cells lining the stomach?
water and alcohol
What type of nutrients are absorbed into the hepatic portal vein and eventually to the liver before they enter the general circulation?
water soluble compounds/vitamins
Peristalsis refers to
waves of muscular contractions that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract