NYU A&P (CH.9)
aldosterone
"salt-retaining hormone" which promotes the retention of Na+ by the kidneys. na+ retention promotes water retention, which promotes a higher blood volume and pressure
Hypersecretion of growth hormone could lead to which of the following conditions?
acromegaly
Darlene is a 67-year-old woman who has been admitted to the hospital with rapid heart rate, high blood pressure, sweating, and irritability. Her doctor brings the result of diagnostic scans that show an abdominal tumor. What gland is involved?
adrenal gland
Which of these endocrine glands is located just above a kidney?
adrenal gland
what tropic hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Grave's Disease/ hyperthyroidism
an autoimmune disorder characterized by the excessive production of thyroid hormones
What hormone stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water as urine is being formed?
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Which of the following is a humoral stimulus for hormone release?
calcium ions
Aldosterone function
causes kidneys to retain sodium to increase blood pressure, water retention
The efficiency of the endocrine system as a whole gradually declines in old age. Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the endocrine system and body homeostasis?
decreased mental stability
Where are receptors for steroid hormones found?
in the nucleus of target cells
Thyrotropic hormone (TH)
influences the growth and activity of the thyroid gland
Lena is hypoglycemic. To counter this condition and restore homeostasis, which of the following hormones would NOT be released?
insulin
What organ secretes erythropoietin?
kidneys
Which hormone is secreted by adipose tissue and helps suppress your appetite?
leptin
Which of the following is a common age-associated condition?
menopause
Addison's disease symptoms
muscle weakness, fatigue, weight loss, darkening of skin, low blood pressure, salt craving, low blood sugar, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, joint pains, depression, and body hair loss.
What is the main mechanism for regulating hormone secretion?
negative feedback mechanism
Which of these is linked to the decline in estrogen in menopausal females?
osteoporosis
Drag and drop the appropriate hormones into the bin of the non-major endocrine organ that produces that hormone.
stomach: gastrin intestines: secretin / cholecystokinin kidney: active vitamin D /erythropoietin heart: atrial natriuretic peptide placenta: HcG / relaxin
anterior pituitary gland
the anterior part of the pituitary gland; an endocrine gland whose secretions are controlled by the hypothalamic hormones
Julie, who is middle-aged, feels tired all the time and has a hard time concentrating. She always feels cold and despite dieting, has gained a significant amount of weight. The hyposecretion of which of the following hormones is causing Julie's symptoms?
thyroxine
Which of the following is a sign of hypoparathyroidism?
uncontrollable muscle spasms
How do lipid-soluble hormones carry out their actions at their target cells?
directly activate genes and stimulate protein synthesis
Which hormone is released by nerve impulses?
epinephrine
How does the hypothalamus regulate the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland?
It secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones that travel through the blood to the anterior pituitary gland.
Which hormone stimulates acid production in the stomach?
gastrin
The body's tendency to maintain relatively constant internal conditions is called
homeostasis
humoral stimulus
hormone release caused by altered levels of certain critical ions or nutrients
Catecholamines
hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla that affect the sympathetic nervous system in stress response
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin)
Posterior pituitary; peptide; causes the kidney to retain water
When blood glucose levels are low
The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase.
When blood glucose levels are high
The pancreas releases insulin.
Which of these occurs when blood glucose concentration falls below the normal range?
The pancreas secretes glucagon.
sympathetic stimulation
The process that results in preparing the body for exercise; "fight or flight" mechanism
Nick mentioned to his doctor at his annual physical that his skin color was darkening. After tests, the doctor diagnosed Nick with an autoimmune disease that affects the adrenal cortex, resulting in insufficient levels of adrenal cortex hormones. What disorder does Nick have?
Addison's disease
Which of these is an example of using a humoral stimulus to cause hormone secretion?
An increase in blood glucose stimulates the release of insulin.
What is the functional relationship between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary?
Hypothalamus synthesizes the hormones stored and released by the posterior pituitary.
Calcitonin (CT)
Inhibits the breakdown of bone; causes a decrease in blood calcium concentration
Body cells that respond to insulin include
Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body.
What cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose?
Liver cells.
calcitonin
Lowers blood calcium levels
epinephrine
Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress. Also known as adrenaline.
Why don't all body cells respond to a particular hormone?
Only cells that have receptors for the hormone can respond.
Cortisol (hydrocortisone)
Stimulates protein degradation Stimulates gluconeogenesis and inhibits glucose utilization to raise blood glucose levels Stimulates lipolysis
A liver cell responds to insulin by
Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen.
Which of these results when hormone secretion is regulated by a negative feedback mechanism?
The concentration of a hormone remains within a narrow normal range.
endocrine gland
a ductless gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream
Which hormones help maintain a relatively constant calcium concentration in the blood?
parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin
hypothalamic stimulation
physiological fear responses but NO feeling of fear
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism