OB 6301 EXAM 1 REVIEW

Vacations and holidays are important ways for employees to

withdraw from work stressors

Which of the following employees is most likely to be stressed?

José is an excellent basketball coach, but his team is playing very poorly

Which of the following best defines organizational behavior?

OB is the study of what people think, feel, and do in and around organizations

Which of the following describes the systematic research anchor?

OB should study organizations by forming questions, collecting data, and testing hypotheses against those data

Which of the following is true according to the systematic research anchor?

OB should study organizations by forming questions, collecting data, and testing hypotheses against those data

The perceived probability that a specific behavior or performance level will lead to a particular outcome is which element of expectancy theory?

P-to-O

According to equity theory, what is the basis used by employees when determining if a decision is equitable?

a comparison of input-outcome ratios

Which of the following is true about a global mindset?

a global mindset includes an awareness of, openness to, and respect for other views and practices in the world

Employees with an emotional attachment to, identification with, and involvement in a particular organization are likely to have

a high level of affective commitment

Which of the following statements is consistent with the concept of the contingency anchor?

a particular action may have different consequences in different situations

Which of the following most likely occurs as a result of confirmation bias?

a police investigator pays attention mainly to evidence that supports his or her theory about who committed the crime

How does an inclusive organization view diversity?

a valued resource

Aptitudes and learned capabilities are part of a person's overall

ability

Dave Docket, the installation manager at Kleen Waterproofing, has been receiving customer complaints that several crewmembers either come late to the job or they do not show up at all, without any communication with the customers. The job completion dates keep getting delayed and customer dissatisfaction keeps increasing. Dave has also just hired several new employees who are motivated, able to perform their jobs, and have adequate resources. However, they are not sure what tasks are included in their job. Dave is wondering how he can understand what is going on with his crew behavior and what he can do to improve the situation.Dave organizes a training program for his employees to teach them how to operate the machines used for working. Which of the following attributes will show a direct improvement because of this training?

ability

In the four-drive theory, achievement, competence, status, and self-esteem are produced by the drive to

acquire

Support, trust, and organizational comprehension can all serve to build

affective commitment

Based on the Big Five, employees who are trusting, helpful and considerate are

agreeable

Stress is best described as

an adaptive response to a situation that is perceived as challenging or threatening to the person's well-being

You see a group of employees at the company cafeteria and recognize a few as being from the engineering department. You assume the group are all engineers. This is an example of

categorical thinking

People with a high need for achievement

choose moderately challenging tasks

________ occurs when people perceive that their beliefs, feelings, and behavior are incongruent with each other.

cognitive dissonance

For most jobs, which Big Five factor is the best overall predictor of task performance?

conscientiousness

Kokal International is a fast-growing small company specializing in consumer electronics. Managers at Kokal International are exploring the idea of using the Five Factor personality model in hiring and improving work-related behaviors and job performance.Kokal International managers want to hire people who are dependable, goal-focused, thorough, and disciplined. Which of the following personality factors best predicts job applicants for these job requirements?

conscientiousness

According to social identity theory, people tend to

define themselves by groups to which they have a strong emotional attachment

Which of the following refers to the fact that motivation is goal-directed, not random?

direction

What are the three elements of motivation that affect voluntary behavior?

direction, intensity, persistence

Which ethical principle says that the benefits and burdens of similar individuals should be the same; otherwise they should be proportional?

distributive justice

Motivation starts with our ________, which generate emotions that put us in a state of readiness to act.

drives

________ includes a set of abilities that enables us to recognize and regulate our own emotions as well as the emotions of other people.

emotional intelligence

Which of these statements about emotional labor is true?

emotional labor demands are higher in jobs requiring more intense emotions

Attitudes have a cognitive component, but they are also influenced by ________, which are quick and imprecise and influence our feelings towards the attitude object.

emotional markers

Needs are essentially ________ that we become consciously aware of and channel toward particular goals and associated behaviors.

emotions

________ are fleeting, low-intensity events that influence our conscious thinking and behavior without our awareness.

emotions

________ is an individual's emotional and cognitive (logical) motivation, particularly a focused, intense, persistent, and purposive effort toward work-related goals.

employee engagement

The ________ principle states that everyone in the group should receive the same outcomes.

equality

A person will often reach the state of ________ if they are unable to resist stress and the stress persists.

exhaustion

Liam was often praised by his former boss for his excellent customer service skills. But his new boss doesn't say anything to Liam about how well he serves customers. Over time, Liam's customer service performance decreases. This is an example of

extinction

Carole is new to Japan. She has starting eating sushi and sashimi, riding her bike everywhere, and learning Japanese. She is developing a

global mindset

In the field of organizational behavior, organizations are described as

groups of people who works interdependently to some purpose

Senior executives at CloudStore must make a decision that will affect many people, and the decision may produce good or bad consequences for those affected. This decision

has a high degree of moral intensity

Self-reinforcement can potentially minimize stress by

helping employees to develop more favorable perceptions of the stressors

People who value their independence and personal uniqueness have

high individualism

A culture which values formal relationships, obedience to authority, and an unequal distribution of power has

high power distance

_________ is the element of stereotyping whereby we tend to think of people within a group as similar to one another.

homogenization

What does OB view as the most important ingredient in the organization's process of transforming inputs to outputs?

human capital

XYZ Corp. provided training and clarified job requirements. This practice improves employee motivation by

improving E-to-P expectancies

ABC Corp. brought in a performance-based reward system that accurately identified employees who performed better than others. This practice improves employee motivation by

improving P-to-O expectancies

Paid leave benefits and remote work are two ways to reduce stress by

improving work-life integration

Which of the following are employees least likely to do when they feel under-rewarded?

increase their work effort

One successful way to minimize perceptual biases is by

increasing self-awareness

A manager should ________ in order to increase an employee's expected satisfaction with outcomes resulting from desired performance.

individualize rewards

What is multisource feedback?

information about an employee's performance is collected from a full circle of people

People experience self-actualization by applying their skills and knowledge, observing how their talents achieve meaningful results, and experiencing personal growth through learning. These are the conditions for

intrinsic motivation

Which of these statements is true about the field of organizational behavior (OB)?

it examines how individuals and teams in organizations relate to one another and their counterparts in other organizations

How is an open systems perspective important to the field of organizational behavior?

it identifies organizational characteristics that "fit" some external environments better than others

Which of the following statements is true about organizational behavior?

it includes team, individual, and organizational level analyses

Which of the following statements about the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is true?

it is a poor predictor of job performance and is not recommended for employment selection or promotion decisions

A problem with the utilitarian principle of ethical decision making is that

it is difficult to create a cost-benefit analysis because of the immeasurable outcomes

Which of the following best describes work-life integration?

it is important to satisfy the demands and experience the positive emotions of our various segments of life

Presenteeism is more common among employees with

low job security

Yuki, a manager, is very conventional, resistant to change, habitual, and does not accept new ideas very easily. This implies that Yuki has

low openness to experience

Which three personality traits comprise the dark triad?

machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy

Pedro is a R&D manager at a manufacturing plant and his self-concept is considered to have low complexity. Which of the following would most likely be what he considers as his most important identities?

manager, engineer, family income-earner

Which of the following is true about meaningful interaction?

meaningful interaction potentially improves empathy toward others

In Schwartz's values circumplex, the _________ quadrant includes hedonism, stimulation, and self-direction.

openness to change

Your roommate, Allison Albright, is a non-business major. When she discovered that you are taking a course in Organizational Behavior, she was thoroughly confused as to why one would need to study OB and what it entails. Based on what you have studied, answer the following questions to help Allison obtain knowledge of organizational behavior.To help Allison understand some preliminary information about OB, which of these statements about the field is true?

organizational behavior scholars study what people think, feel, and do in and around organizations

Assisting coworkers with their work problems, adjusting work schedules to accommodate coworkers, and showing genuine courtesy toward coworkers are forms of

organizational citizenship

The strength of needs is impacted by self-concept, social norms and ________, which amplify or suppress emotions.

past experience

Which of the following refers to the process of receiving information about and making sense of the world around us?

perception

Dylan is studying for an exam. The length of time that he studies would represent his ________ of effort.

persistence

________ is the bundle of characteristics that makes us similar to or different from other people.

personality

Which anchor recognizes that OB theories should be useful to organizations?

practical orientation

________ refers to how well employees take the initiative to anticipate and introduce new work patterns that benefit the organization.

proactive task performance

Which type of justice is higher when the decision maker demonstrates neutrality, allows everyone involved to have their say, and allows an appeal of the decision?

procedural justice

Negative reinforcement is often confused with ________, even though it is the opposite.

punishment

According to goal setting theory, goals must be within the employee's control. In other words, goals must be

relevant

Due to ______, many employees wish for "greater clarity about what the organization needs from me."

role ambiguity

A global mindset begins with

self-awareness

Elvira is an engineer at an architectural firm. She is very proud of this fact and often defines herself in terms of her work to family and friends. She is very skilled at her job and confident in that fact, but often has trouble adapting to changing job duties and environmental conditions.Although Elvira occasionally has trouble adapting to new conditions and job tasks, she exhibits ________ by believing that she can do almost anything and always maintaining a "can do" attitude.

self-efficacy

What are the three elements of self-evaluation?

self-esteem, self-efficacy, and locus of control

According to ________, people learn by observing or hearing about what happened to other people, not just by directly experiencing the consequences.

social cognitive theory

One positive approach to feedback is ________, which focuses on areas of work where the employee excels or has demonstrated potential.

strength-based coaching

Customer service representatives are often angry with customers, but cannot show this emotion. If they behave appropriately but are still angry, they are engaged in

surface acting

Which of the following statements regarding the dark triad is correct?

the core characteristic of these traits is dishonesty

What occurs as the final step of the self-fulfilling prophecy cycle?

the employee's behavior becomes consistent with the manager's initial expectations

One important recent trend in employment relationships has been

the growth of indirect employment

Which of the following is a reason that the study of OB is important for students?

the topics OB studies relate to skills that are highly valued by employers

Which of the following is a downside of mental models?

they make it difficult to see the world in different ways

What is the main objective of applying the Johari Window?

to increase the size of the open area

_________, an important factor in OB, refers to how similar a person's values hierarchy is to the values hierarchy of another entity, such as the employee's team or organization.

value congruence

People with high collectivism

value harmonious relationships in the groups to which they belong

Gerard was unhappy that his company did not provide good parking facilities. He found it very stressful to find reasonably priced parking close to his workplace, and what he found caused him to walk several blocks in all weather. This eventually led to job dissatisfaction. Hence, he recommended ways to solve this problem. According to the EVLN model, this information suggests that Gerard's main reaction to job dissatisfaction was

voice

Social identity theory says that

we define ourselves in terms of our membership in certain groups and our differences with people who belong to other groups

Which of the following is a reason why decisions and behavior can be inconsistent with our personal values?

we often do not actively think about our values

Which of the following describes the fundamental attribution error?

we tend to believe the behavior of other people is caused more by their motivation and ability than by factors beyond their control