OB ch.8
Total rewards
encompass not only compensation and benefits, but also personal and professional growth opportunities and a motivating work environment that includes recognition, job design (Chapter 6), and work-life balance
intrinsic rewa
psychic rewards, however, are intrinsic rewards because they are self-granted.
360-degree feedback.
Letting individuals compare their own perceived performance with behaviorally specific (and usually anonymous) performance information from their manager, subordinates, and peers
extrinsic rewards
Financial, material, and social rewards
continuous reinforcement
As indicated in Table 8-1, every instance of a target behavior is reinforced when a continuous reinforcement
operant behavior
Skinner attached the label operant behavior to behavior that is learned when one "operates on" the environment to produce desired consequences.
respondent behavior
Skinner labeled unlearned reflexes or stimulus-response (S-R) connections
intermittent reinforcement
Unlike CRF schedules, intermittent reinforcement involves reinforcement of some but not all instances of a target behavior.
extinction
Weakening a behavior by ignoring it or making sure it is not reinforced
Performance management
an organization wide system whereby managers integrate the activities of goal setting, monitoring and evaluating; providing feedback and coaching; and rewarding employees on a continuous basis.3
shaping
defined as the process of reinforcing closer and closer approximations to a target behavior.
feedback
information about individual or collective performance shared with those in a position to improve the situation.
Upward feedback
stands the traditional approach on its head by having lower-level employees provide feedback on a manager's style and performance.
Negative reinforcement
strengthens a desired behavior by contingently withdrawing something displeasing.
Punishment
the process of weakening behavior through either the contingent presentation of something displeasing or the contingent withdrawal of something positive
Pay for performance
the popular term for monetary incentives linking at least some portion of the paycheck directly to results or accomplishments.
Positive reinforcement
the process of strengthening a behavior by contingently presenting something pleasing.
law of effect
which says behavior with favorable consequences tends to be repeated, while behavior with unfavorable consequences tends to disappear