OB- Chapter 5

Who wrote the book The Human Side of Enterprise, which explores two contrasting sets of assumptions about human nature?

Douglas McGregor

Maslow's needs hierarchy theory would predict that once the need for love is satisfied, the need for....will emerge as the most powerful.

Esteem

Which of the following are among Locke and Latham's mechanisms behind the power of goal setting?

Goals foster the development of plans. Goals increase persistence. Goals direct attention.

The question "What are the chances of receiving various outcomes if I achieve my performance goals?" represents which element of Vroom's expectancy theory?

Instrumentality

Based on Maslow's need hierarchy theory, how can managers keep employees motivated at small businesses or startups?

Involve employees in decision making. Be flexible with scheduling. Reward good performance.

Frederick Herzberg's theory states which of the following?

Job satisfaction is associated with motivating factors. Job dissatisfaction is associated with hygiene factors Managers can improve motivation by improving both motivators that create satisfaction and hygiene factors that reduce dissatisfaction.

The theories that focus on explaining the process by which internal and situational factors influence employee motivation are known as ______ theories.

Process theories

The method of job design that draws from observation, experiments, and reasoning is

Scientific Management

Which of the following are among the top-down approaches to job design?

Scientific management Job rotation Job enlargement

McGregor's Theory........ is a pessimistic view of employees that includes the need to motivate them with carrots and sticks.

X

If a customer service representative changes the way she envisions her job, from recording complaints from customers to being an advocate for customer rights, she engages in which form of job crafting?

cognitive crafting

Among the lessons to be learned from equity and justice theories are:

employee perceptions about reward systems and procedures are what is important an appeals process is important to employees feelings of equity employees want a voice in decisions that affect them

The question "What are the chances of reaching my performance goal?" represents which element of Vroom's expectancy theory?

expectancy

According to Hackman and Oldham, the personal factors that moderate the effectiveness of the core job characteristics include which of the following?

growth need strength context satisfactions knowledge and skill

Valence, as used in Vroom's expectancy theory refers to the:

positive or negative value people place on outcomes

An example of an outcome with positive valence using Vroom's expectancy theory would be a(n):

promotion pay raise

The hygiene factors in Herzberg's study include:

relations with one's supervisor salary working conditions

The top-down approaches to job design include:

scientific management the job characteristics model job enlargement job rotation

According to Herzberg's theory, issues related to hygiene factors will cause an employee to move from a:

state of no dissatisfaction to dissatisfaction

Scientific management designs jobs based on which of the following?

systematic observation reason experimentation

The question that asks "How much do I value the outcomes I will receive by achieving my performance goals?" represents which element of Vroom's expectancy theory?

valence

Job enrichment is the job design method that uses....loading to improve motivation.

vertical

When do feedback and participation lead to higher performance in achieving a goal?

when the goal is specific and difficult

The job design method that puts more variety into a job by combining specialized tasks of comparable difficulty is job

Enlargement

Which process theory explains how people strive for fairness and justice in social exchanges or give-and-take relationships?

Equity theory

Advantages of designing jobs using job rotation include:

providing employees with a broader perspective of the organization building employee knowledge and ability to promote from within increased worker flexibility for scheduling through cross-training

Although not supported by research, why is Herzberg's two-factor theory useful?

Positive recognition to reinforce performance increases intrinsic motivation. It is harder to motivate someone who is dissatisfied with pay or working conditions. Building motivators into a job is the core of job design.

How can managers apply self-determination theory to help employees experience competence?

Provide extensive training to new hires. Ensure employees have all the information they need to perform their job.