Ob/gyn 2
Which of the following will be demonstrated as hypoechoic areas within the placenta that display turbulent flow on Color Doppler evaluation
Placenta accreta
Maternal cocaine abuse is associated with what critical findings on the fetal ultrasound
Placental abruption and premature birth
The most common cause of fetal bladder rupture is
Posterior urethral valves
If the radiologist suspects Potter syndrome and request that you perform a thoracic circumference. How will this measurement assist in the diagnosis
Potter syndrome usually demonstrates a bell shaped thorax that is much more narrow than the abdominal cavity
Which of the following terms refers to a patient that is pregnant with her first child
Primigravida
The health insurance portability and accountability act provide security for PHI. What does PHI stand for
Protected health information
Non-visualization of the fetal abdominal muscles, urinary track abnormalities and undescended testes are the classic triad of signs of
Prune belly syndrome
Which of the following structures is anterior to the ovary
Rectus abdominis muscle
When evaluating a small embryo for cardiac activity, it is important to
Reduce the size of the field of view and increase the frame rate
Which acoustic artifact causes decreased visualization of the cerebral hemisphere closest to the transducer face
Reverberation
The normal direction of flow through the fetal foramen ovale is
Right atrium to left atrium
Fetal lung volumetry performed with 3d sonography should be used to help diagnose
Skeletal dysplasia
If the femur length is more than two standard deviation's below the mean of gestational age, there is a strong suspicion of
Skeletal dysplasia
Which of the following abnormalities will demonstrate normal AFP levels in the amniotic fluid
Spina bifida occulta
Which arteries apply the functionalis layer of the endometrium
Spiral
Which of the following are common symptoms of preeclampsia
Sudden maternal weight gain, edema and proteinuria
While scanning a 35 week fetus for a BPP the patient becomes nauseous and dizzy. What is the most common cause for these acute symptoms
Supine hypotension
When evaluating twin pregnancies, fetus a is always defined as
The fetus closest to the internal os
Which of the following best describes the sonographic appearance of a patient in day 20 of their menstrual cycle
Thick and hyperechoic
The most common type of conjoined twin is
Thoracopagus
The embryo is most sensitive to teratogenic affects between____gestation
Three and eight weeks
A bicornuate uterus is identified during a pelvic ultrasound. The referring doctor now request an abdominal sonogram with a diagnosis of bicornuate uterus. One
To evaluate the kidneys for congenital anomaly
The correct cranial level for BPDandHC assessment is
Transverse axial view of the fetal skull at the level of the cavum septum pellucidum, third ventricle and thalamus
Three complete copies of the 23 human chromosomes results in fetal diagnosis of
Triploidy
A chronic maternal infection with parvovirus can lead to all the following except
Trisomy 21
While scanning the heart in 4 chamber view , you identify echogenic focus near the apex of the left ventricle, and two along the ventricular septum these findings would indicate the greatest increase in suspicion for what fedal syndrome
Trisomy 21
Which of the following early embryologic structures produces progesterone
Trophoblastic cells
A diagnosis of IUGR is made when the biometric measurements are more than_____below normal
Two standard deviation's
Applying color Doppler to a transverse view of the fetus at the level of the fetal bladder will help to demonstrate
Two umbilical arteries
There are several cysts in the left one that appear 2 to 4 cm in size. This finding most likely indicates
Type 1 congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation
In complete resolution of which embryologic structure can cause a cystic formation between the abdominal wall and the anterior bladder wall
Urachus
Which of the following is correct regarding the amniotic fluid volume
Use a transverse view to obtain an AP measurement of the deepest pockets of fluid in the four quadrants
Which of the following intracranial anomalies is associated most commonly with fetal hydrops, ascites and congestive heart failure
Vein of Galen aneurysm
Which of the following is listed in the correct order of embryologic development
Zygote, cleavage, morula, blastocyst
The ratio of kidney diameter to the abdominal diameter should stay between____for the entire pregnancy
0.23-0.27
The nuchal translucency is normally measured at what gestational age
11 to 14 weeks
Herniation of the midgut is an abnormal finding and gestations over_____in age
12 weeks
A midline facial cleft is most commonly associated with what intracranial abnormality
holoprosencephaly
The fetal stomach should be routinely visualized by week
14
On a transvaginal ultrasound, the minimal means that diameter that should always demonstrate an embryo in a normal IUP is
16 mm
The normal menstrual cycle last
28 days
____Is the gold standard method of evaluation of IUD position in the endometrial cavity
3-D ultrasound
Twins will exhibit the same fetal growth pattern as a fetus in a singleton pregnancy until,,, weeks
30
The fetal testicles normally the sand into the scrotum before____weeks gestation
34
Advanced maternal age refers to a pregnant woman who is greater than
35 years of age
Premature delivery is birth of the fetus that occurs before______weeks of gestation
37
A 27-year-old nongravid patient presents with a history of G4P2112. How many times has she been pregnant
4
Using a four quadrant method, which of the following AFI values would most likely be associated with a preeclampsia in a 27 week gestation
4 cm
Macrosomia describes a fetus weighing more than
4000 g
Benign unilocular cyst usually do not exceed a diameter of
5 cm
The optimum obtainable Doppler angle used for evaluation of the uterine artery's is
60°
An abnormally short fetal neck with fixed posterior flexion is called
iniencephaly
Which of the following Banan uterine condition characterized by invasion of the myometrium by endometrial tissue
Adenomyosis
A fused thalamus as identified in which of the following cranial abnormalities
Alobar and semilobar holoprosencephaly
Which of the following is associated with Asherman syndrome
Amenorrhea
The most common place for normal egg fertilization to occur is within which of the following fallopian tube segment
Ampulla
A uterine body/fundus that is tilted anteriorly with a sharp angle to the cervix is described about which of the following terms
Anteflexed
A patient presents with a 20 week pregnancy for a level two evaluation do you to a history of a prior child with arthrogryposis. Which of the following best describes the expected findings on today's exam if this child also has the disorder
Bilateral Talipes, deformed elbows, wrists, ankles, knees and hips
Hematometra refers to_____while hematometracolpos refers to
Blood dilating the uterine cavity, blood dilating the uterine cavity, cervix and vagina
Which of the following terms describes a rounded head with a cephalic index greater than 85%
Brachycephaly
All of the following require a C-section delivery of a fetus except
Breech presentation
Which cranial structures would be visualized in the head when performing a fetal head circumference in the proper location
CSP, third ventricle and thalamus
All of the following describes the ovarian cortex, except
Can be measured by locating the border with medullary tissue and measuring the thickness from central ovary to outer age
Which of the following correctly describes coelocentesis
Can be performed as early as six weeks
In the second trimester, documenting a normal lens in each eye on the fetal ultrasound can rule out which of the following abnormalities
Cataracs
A patient with a 25 week gestation presents with a history of an abnormal triple screen. The referring doctor would like to rule out spina bifida. What intracranial structure could be evaluated for signs of spina bifida
Cerebellum
All of the following are reasons for oligo except
Chorioangioma
The_____forms the outer layer of the percentage that is in contact with the endometrium
Chorion
What is the most common cause of demise in the first trimester
Chromosomal abnormalities
Cleidocranial dysplasia is an Autosomal dominant condition characterized by
Clavicular aplasia or hypoplasia
When attempting to image the fundus of an Anteverted uterus with transvaginal ultrasound, the transducer should be angled so that the handle is
Closer to the bed
Which of the following is a potential cause for deceleration of the heart rate on a non-stress test
Compression of the umbilical cord with fetal motion
What is the most common cystic pelvic mass seen with pregnancy
Corpus luteum
Which of the following adnexal masses as a sign of normal intrauterine pregnancy
Corpus luteum cyst
Which transducer is most commonly used for third trimester anatomy evaluation
Curvilinear
The most commonly reported entry uterine infection in pregnancy is
Cytomegalovirus
Which of the following correctly describes how to calculate gestational age of pregnancy produced through IVF
Date of conception +2 weeks
During fetal development, which of the following describes the maternal component of the placenta
Decidua basalis
You are evaluating the umbilical artery with PW Doppler and then move the cursor to evaluate the umbilical vein. Which of the following Console adjustments will need to be made for proper display of the new signal
Decrease the velocity scale
Which of the following describes the sonographic appearance of possible intestinal atresia and a 29 week fetus
Decreased or absent peristalsis of bowel
Which of the following can predict erythroblastosis fetalis using a sample of Amniotic fluid
Delta OD450 testing
A transverse image of the uterus allows measurement of which uterine dimensions
Depth and width
Which of the following can be used to provide estimated fetal age in a fetus with symmetric IUGR
Diameter of cerebellum
Which of the following is most common in the Amish community and presents as mesomelia, polydactyly and cardiac defects
ELLIS van creveld syndrome
____Is the term used to describe a thoracic defect where the heart has herniated outside of the chest wall
Ectopia cordis
A patient presents with an LMP7 weeks ago. Her chart shows she has been treated three times for PID over the last four years. The patient has an increased risk of
Ectopic pregnancy due to possible tubal adhesions from the PID
Special compounding requires a transducer that can perform
Electronic steering
Chorioangioma's are associated with
Elevated MSAFP
Most primary malignancies of the ovary originate in the
Epithelial -stromal tissues
While performing in anatomy scan of a 28 week gestation, you begin to image the umbilical cord. The court appears abnormally thickened that contains the vessels of normal size and number. Which of the following could explain these findings
Excessive Wharton's jelly within the cord
I Lipoleiomyoma will be hyperechoic to the Myometrium due to increased levels of
Fatty tissue
Polyhydramnios associated with all of the following except
Fetal demise
You are performing a third trimester scan with possible oligo. Which of the following should be evaluated to find the cause
Fetal kidneys and cervix
Which type of breech position is defined as fetus with butt first with legs extended adjacent to fetal abdomen
Frank
During renal development, the kidneys normally migrate________
From the pelvic region superiorly into the lower abdomen
Which of the following best describes the best way to measure the humerus length
From the window where the humerus is closest to the face of the probe and when the ultrasound beam is perpendicular to the length of the humerus
Which of the following is associated with precocious puberty
Granular cell tumor
Which of the following types of ovarian cysts are formed by bleeding into a functional cyst
Hemorrhagic cyst
I patient presents for a fetal anatomy scan due to a recent diagnosis of cytomegalovirus. Which of the following supplemental measurements should be performed during the exam to evaluate the affects of the virus
Hepatic length
A patient presents for a fetal anatomy scan at 26 weeks the head circumference, BPD and FL measure 25 weeks. They abdominal circumference measures 28.5 weeks. Which of the following could cause this discrepancy
Hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma
A trident hand is commonly seen with which skeletal abnormality
Heterozygous achondroplasia
Which of the following is most common type of non-lethal fetal skeletal dysplasia
Heterozygous achondroplasia
Hypotelorism is most commonly seen with which of the following
Holoprosencephaly
If the femur length does not correlate with the head or abdomen circumference for gestational age, the____should be measured to evaluate the fetal skeleton
Humerus
Drooping or dangling choroid plexus is commonly seen with which of the following cranial abnormalities
Hydrocephalus
Which of the following is a lethal skeletal dysplasia
Hypophosphatasia
Which of the following teratogens is least likely to be associated with IUGR
Ibuprofen use
Which of the following is true regarding autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
If it occurs in a fetus, at least one parent has ADPKD
All of the following sonographic findings are associated with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, except
Increased echogenicity of the ovaries
All of the following have been associated with DES exposure except
Increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities in pregnancy
A patient presents for a sonohysterogram with her prior ultrasound report from a pelvic ultrasound performed three months ago. Two polyps were suspected on the prior exam. While performing the preliminary ultrasound exam, you identify possible gestational sac that indicates a five week pregnancy. What should you do next
Inform the radiologist of your findings
What portion of the fallopian tube is described as trumpet shaped because it once before it opens up into the pelvic peritoneal cavity
Infundibulum
An ectopic pregnancy that forms the_____portion of the fallopian tube has the greatest risk for serious maternal complications
Interstitial
Which of the following locations of an ectopic pregnancy is most life-threatening to the patient
Interstitial
All of the following would be differential diagnosis for cystic formation in the posterior fossa, except
Intracranial hemorrhage
Which of the following scenarios would not result in the diagnosis of fetal hydrops
Isolated ascites
A patient presents for a transvaginal ultrasound with a history of acute pelvic pain and right salpingo-oophorectomy in 2012. Which of the following could be visualized on the exam as a cause for the symptoms
Left ovarian torsion
Which two muscles form the pelvic diaphragm
Levator Ani and coccygeus
Which of the following abnormalities is least likely to be evaluated with 3-D/4d techniques
Lissencephaly
When a malignant neoplasm and identified on the right ovary, what other structure should be evaluated for possible involvement
Liver, bladder and pelvic lymph nodes
Which of the following best describes the Doppler waveforms obtained from the uterine artery of a gravid uterus
Low resistance, average velocity
Amniocentesis screens for all the following except
MSAFP levels
You are evaluating the left ovary with color Doppler. As you manipulate the probe to improve the color display, the image appears to drag as you move the probe. There's a delay between when you move and the response of the image display how can you reduce this drag effect and improve color display
Make the color box smaller
When fluid is not present in the endometrial canal, how should you measure the endometrial thickness
Measure from the outer edge of the functionalis layer to the outer edge of the opposing functionalis layer
Which of the following correctly describes the measurement of the binocular distance
Measure the distance between the lateral orbital walls, inner wall to inner wall
A calcification within the liver is commonly associated with
Meconium peritonitis
Which of the following describes an encephalocele
Meninges and brain tissue herniation through a bony defect in the calvarium
If the physician ask you to measure the philtrum, what image what you use
Mid sagittal profile view
One yolk sack with two embryos indicates
Monoamniotic twins
Which of the following statements regarding twins is true
Most monozygous pregnancies are diamniotic
Pseudomyxoma pertonei is a complication of which type of ovarian tumor
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
What urinary anomaly is caused by urinary obstruction in the first trimester that leads to renal cyst formation and ureteral atresia
Multicystic kidney disease
In stage I endometrial cancer, the cancer has invaded the
Myometrium in the body of the uterus
If the gestational sack measures 30 x 30 x 40 mm, what is the estimated age of the pregnancy
Nine weeks plus or -14 days
Unilateral ureterocele formation is the least likely to cause which of the following
Non-visualization of the bladder
Which pelvic muscles form the lateral pelvic walls
Oburator internus
All of the following are sonographic finding seen with achondrogenesis, except
Oligohydramnios
Transvaginal sonography can detect embryological changes in the uterus about_____earlier than transabdominal techniques
One week
Which of the following Doppler a valuations of the ovary is the least likely to demonstrate a low resistance flow pattern
Ovarian torsion
Why is MMode preferred over PW Doppler as the method for fetal heart rate evaluation
PW Doppler uses a higher intensity pulse than and mmode so fetal exposure is greater with PW Doppler
Which of the following is most likely to cause polyhydramnios, fetal ascites and hepatomegaly
Parvovirus infection
All of the following would be considered to have an incompetent cervix, except
Patient with a cerclage in place
All of the following are true regarding color Doppler, except
Peak flow velocities can be evaluated
A_____can lead to the initial onset of ovulation and uterine enlargement in females_____years old
Pituitary tumor, less than eight years old