OB/GYN Wk 7-8
The transvaginal transducer should be soaked in disinfectant between uses for a minimum of _______________. 3 to 5 minutes 10 to 20 minutes 30 to 60 minutes 1 to 2 hours
10 to 20 minutes
A mature follicle typically is _____ cm in size right before ovulation. 1.0 1.5 2.0 3.0
2.0
In postmenopausal patients, an endometrial thickness of less than _____ mm reliably excludes endometrial abnormality. (Read question and material carefully) 2cm 5mm 8mm 10cm
5mm
Sonohysterography is usually performed on premenopausal women between days ________ of the menstrual cycle. 3 and 5 6 and 10 10 and 14 21 and 28
6 and 10
This muscle is best imaged in a transverse plane with a caudal angulation at the most inferior aspect of the bladder. A. levator ani B. rectus abdominis C. coccygeus D. piriformis
A. levator ani
Termination of a pregnancy
Abortion
On transabdominal imaging of the female pelvis, the distended urinary bladder: is an acoustic window to view the pelvic anatomy serves as a cystic reference displaces bowel into the false pelvis All of the above
All of the above
On transabdominal imaging of the female pelvis, the distended urinary bladder: is an acoustic window to view the pelvic anatomy. serves as a "cystic" reference. displaces the bowel into the false pelvis. All of the above are correct.
All of the above are correct.
Which one of the following portions of the fallopian tube is the most coiled? Infundibulum Ampulla Isthmus Interstitial
Ampulla
The thin outer layer of the uterus is separated from the immediate layer by which one of the following? Peripheral arteries Uterine arteries Arcuate vessels Radial arteries
Arcuate vessels
Which one of the following are small vessels found along the periphery of the uterus? Uterine arteries Arcuate vessels Iliac arteries Peripheral vessels
Arcuate vessels
To image the fundus of the uterus with transvaginal sonography, the transducer should be angled so that the handle is positioned as described in which one of the following? Closer to the bed Farther from the bed Lateral to the patient Perpendicular to the patient
Closer to the bed
Of or relating to a condition that is present at birth.
Congenital
Limitations of translabial scanning may be overcome by which one of the following? Emptying the patient's bladder Elevating the patient's head Elevating the patient's hips Assuming the left lateral decubitus position
Elevating the patient's hips
From conception to the eighth week of pregnancy
Embryo
Depending on the menstrual cycle, the inner lining of the uterine cavity that appears echogenic to hypoechoic on ultrasound is which one of the following structures? Myometrium Perineum Endouterine Endometrium
Endometrium
The unborn young from the end of the eighth after conception to the moment of birth.
Fetus
The number of the pregnancy that a woman is in.
Gravida
The thickness of the endometrium should be measured in which one of the following planes? Transverse Longitudinal Coronal Oblique
Longitudinal
The endometrium is at its greatest thickness and echogenicity with posterior enhancement in which one of the following phases? Menses Proliferative Ovulatory Luteal
Luteal
Having given birth two or more times
Multiparous
The middle layer of the uterus is which one of the following? Serosa Endometrium Body Myometrium
Myometrium
A woman who has never given birth to a child
Nullipara
The number of births
Para
Symmetrical bilateral pelvic masses are likely to be which one of the following? Ovarian cysts Uterine fibroids Pelvic muscles Iliac vessels
Pelvic muscles
The pouch of Douglas is also known as which one of the following? Anterior cul-de-sac Space of Retzius Posterior cul-de-sac Pouch of Dodd
Posterior cul-de-sac
A woman who is pregnant for the first time
Primigravida
Which one of the following ligaments occupies the space between the layers of another ligament and occurs in front of and below the fallopian tubes? Broad Uterosacral Round Tubal
Round
The ligament that occupies space between the layers of another ligament and occurs in front and below the fallopian tube is the: broad ligament uterosacral ligament round ligament tubal ligament
Round Ligament
The difference between the peak systole and the peak diastole is the __________. LS ratio S/D ratio D/S ratio CI ratio
S/D ratio
Which of the following about the ovaries is false? The ovaries are almond shaped. The ovaries are attached at the anterior aspect of the broad ligaments. The ovaries lie in the ovarian fossa. The ovaries receive blood from the ovarian and uterine arteries.
The ovaries are attached at the anterior aspect of the broad ligaments.
Which one of the following statements is false? The ovaries are almond shaped. The ovaries are suspended from the anterior aspect of the broad ligaments. The ovaries lie in the ovarian fossa. The ovaries receive blood from the ovarian and uterine arteries.
The ovaries are suspended from the anterior aspect of the broad ligaments.
Menarche may be defined as which one of the following? The state after reaching puberty during which menses occur every 21 to 28 days When menses have ceased permanently Time before the onset of menses Midcycle
The state after reaching puberty during which menses occur every 21 to 28 days
Which one of the following techniques is the best way to measure the cervical-fundal dimension of the uterus? Transvaginal Translabial Transabdominal Endorectal
Transabdominal
After the transducer has been soaked in a glutaraldehyde-type solution, which one of the following is an important step to ensure safe handling? Check the cord for damage. Wear gloves when handling the transducer. Immediately place the transducer into a protective container. Thoroughly rinse the transducer with water.
Wear gloves when handling the transducer.
A benign invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium is known as: endometriosis pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) adenomyosis endomyosarcoma
adenomyosis
Most gynecologic neoplasms occur before puberty during puberty during menopause after menopause during the childbearing years
after menopause
The widest part of the fallopian tube where fertilization occurs is the: infundibulum ampulla isthmus interstitial
ampulla
All of the following conditions can cause dilation of the fallopian tube EXCEPT: an ectopic pregnancy endometriosis pelvic inflammatory disease tubal ligation an endometrial polyp
an endometrial polyp
Bending forward of the fundus and body of the uterus is called: See pg 864 Hagen retroflexion anteversion anteflexion retroversion
anteversion
The thin outer layer of the uterus is separated from the immediate layer by the: peripheral arteries uterine arteries arcuate vessels radial arteries
arcuate vessels
These are small vessels found along the periphery of the uterus: uterine arteries arcuate vessels iliac arteries peripheral vessels
arcuate vessels
Nabothian cysts cause repeated miscarriages are part of pelvic inflammatory disease are a normal variant finding become larger during the menstrual cycle are painful during intercourse
are a normal variant finding
During the menstrual cycle how should the endometrium appear on ultrasound? i t will be thickened as a thin, echogenic line it will have a "3 line" sign trilaminar appearance
as a thin, echogenic line
Which of the following does NOT cause endometrial thickening after menopause? Benign endometrial hyperplasia endometrial cancer estrogen therapy multiple endometrial polyps atrophy of the endometrium
atrophy of the endometrium
Which of the following does NOT cause fluid in the endometrial cavity? radiation to cervical canal imperforate hymen menstruation hysterosonogram bicornuate uterus
bicornuate uterus
This ligament contains the uterine blood vessels and nerves. broad ligament round ligament uterosacral ligaments endometrial ligament
broad ligament
An acquired condition with obstruction of the cervical canal is most likely a result of: leiomyoma cervical carcinoma cervical stenosis adenomyosis
cervical stenosis
A small percentage of leiomyomas are located in the: body fundus myometrium cervix
cervix
Flexion refers to the axis of the uterine body relative to the ___________. fundus cervix vagina cornua
cervix
To image the fundus of the uterus with endovaginal sonography, the transducer should be angled so the handle is: closer to the bed farther from the bed lateral to the patient perpendicular to the patient
closer to the bed
In transvaginal scanning, the scanning plane that is 90 degrees from the sagittal plane is the ______________ plane. transverse parasagittal axial coronal
coronal
This refers to a horizontal plane through the longitudinal axis of the body to image structures from anterior to posterior: transverse axial sagittal coronal
coronal
Which of the following charts segments is NOT relevant to a gynecologic sonogram performed on a 70-year-old woman? history of abdominal surgery date of her last normal menstrual period history of tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus complaints of abdominal pain history of vaginal bleeding
date of her last normal menstrual period
Endometriosis is benign invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium ectopic endometrial tissue endomyosarcoma with chocolate tissue inflammation of the endometrium
ectopic endometrial tissue
The inner lining of the uterine cavity that appears echogenic to hypoechoic on ultrasound depending on the menstrual cycle is the: myometrium perineum endouterine endometrium
endometrium
The size and shape of the normal uterus are related to all except which of the following? family history age hormonal status parity
family history
The ovary produces two hormones. Estrogen is secreted by the _____, whereas progesterone is secreted by the _____. follicles; corpus luteum secretory; proliferative follicles; corpuscle corpus luteum; nabothian
follicles; corpus luteum
A mature follicle is known as a _____ follicle. mullerian graafian corpus luteal stimulated
graafian
Estrogen is mainly secreted by: graafian follicles the corpus luteum the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland the corpus albicans the thyroid gland
graafian follicles
The myometrium's echo texture can be described as: homogeneous with low to moderate echogenicity. homogeneous with hyperechoic texture. heterogeneous,hyperechoic to the endometrium. heterogeneous with low to moderate echogenicity.
homogeneous with low to moderate echogenicity
The endometrium should be measured from: hypoechoic layer to hypoechoic layer hyperechoic layer to hyperechoic layer hyperechoic layer to hypoechoic layer hypoechoic layer to hyperechoic layer
hyperechoic layer to hyperechoic layer
What muscle group may be seen in the greater pelvis along the lateral sidewall of the pelvis? obturator internus iliopsoas rectus sheath psoas major
iliopsoas
The most common site for a leiomyoma to occur is: submucosal subserosal pedunculated intramural
intramural
Clinical signs of a 32-year-old woman with an enlarged uterus on physical examination and a history of cyclic profuse, prolonged bleeding with increasing pain most likely represents: early pregnancy leiomyoma ruptured Nabothian cyst ruptured follicular cyst
leiomyoma
The most common uterine tumor is adenomyosis leiomyoma leiomyosarcoma endometrial hyperplasia
leiomyoma
Which of the following muscles is a hammock-like muscle that stretches between the pubis and coccyx and aids in holding the pelvic organ in place? iliopsoas muscle obturator internus muscle piriformis muscle levator ani muscle psoas major muscle
levator ani muscle
The thickness of the endometrium should be measured in the: transverse plane longitudinal plane coronal plane oblique plane
longitudinal plane
Which hormone causes the ovaries to release an egg during ovulation: estrogen progesterone luteinizing hormone
luteinizing hormone
Irregular, acyclic bleeding is defined as: metrorrhagia polymenorrhagia dysmenorrhea amenorrhea
metrorrhagia
The middle layer of the uterus is: serosa endometrium body myometrium
myometrium
The release of an egg from the ruptured follicle is: menstruation corpus luteum ovulation follicular stimulating hormone
ovulation
A single cyst seen outside of the ovary in the adnexa is MOST likely a follicular cyst corpus lutein cyst serous cystadenoma paraovarian cyst nabothian cyst
paraovarian cyst
A single cyst seen outside of the ovary in the adnexa is MOST likely a: follicular cyst corpus lutein cyst serous cystadenoma paraovarian cyst nabothian cyst
paraovarian cyst
The rectouterine space is also known as: anterior cul-de-sac space of Retzius posterior cul-de-sac pouch of Dodd
posterior cul-de-sac
Sonographic criteria for a simple ovarian cyst include all EXCEPT which of the following? anechoic smooth walls posterior shadowing acoustic enhancement
posterior shadowing
Arcuate artery calcifications may be observed in patients who are _______________. pregnant perimenopausal postmenopausal premenopausal
postmenopausal
The most common sonographic finding in endometrial carcinoma: presents with abnormal thinning of the endometrial cavity; usually presents with irregular bleeding in postmenopausal women presents with abnormal thickening of the endometrial cavity; usually presents with irregular bleeding in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women irregular bleeding heavy bleeding with thickening of the myometrium
presents with abnormal thickening of the endometrial cavity; usually presents with irregular bleeding in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women
What is the purpose of a corpus luteum cyst? causes the ovaries to release an egg during ovulation. produces progesterone to prep the endometrium for conception. it is a malignant pathology it signifies that a woman is pregnant.
produces progesterone to prep the endometrium for conception
The endometrium demonstrates the "three-line" sign in the: menstrual phase proliferative phase secretory phase luteal phase
proliferative phase
The Doppler measurement that uses peak systole minus peak diastole divided by the mean over one cardiac cycle is the ________________ index. pulsatility resistive mean systolic mean diastolic
pulsatility
On the sagittal image with endovaginal sonography, the cervix of an anteverted uterus is seen in the _____________ of the screen, whereas the fundus of the anteverted uterus is found in the _____________ of the screen. upper portion; lower portion right side; lower portion left side; right side right side; left side
right side; left side
The endometrium is at its greatest thickness and echogenicity with posterior enhancement in the _____ phase. menses proliferative secretory/luteal
secretory/luteal
The uterine layer are cervix, body, fundus serosal, myometrium, endometrial fundus, isthmus, endometrium peritoneum, serosal, and myometrial
serosal, myometrium, endometrial
The pelvic recess between the anterior bladder wall and the pubic symphysis is: vesicouterine pouch anterior cul-de-sac retrouterine pouch space of Retzius
space of Retzius
Which leiomyoma location is most likely to cause heavy irregular uterine bleeding? subserosal submucosal intramural pedunculated
submucosal
During the secretory phase, the endometrium appears thin, echogenic line, 4-8mm thin, hypoechoic line, 4-8mm thickened and hypoechoic medially with an echogenic basal layer thickened and echogenic throughout
thickened and echogenic throughout
During the early proliferative phase, the endometrium appears thickens and appears hypoechoic with a "three line" sign, 4-8mm thin, hypoechoic line, 4-8mm thickened and hypoechoic medially with an echogenic basal layer thickened and echogenic throughout
thickens and appears hypoechoic with a "three line" sign, 4-8mm
a period of three months
trimester
Endometrial hyperplasia develops from: the cause is unknown. unopposed progesterone stimulation. follicular stimulating hormone. unopposed estrogen stimulation.
unopposed estrogen stimulation
Endometrial hyperplasia develops from: unopposed estrogen stimulation. unopposed progesterone stimulation. follicular stimulating hormone. endometrial polyp.
unopposed estrogen stimulation
The vagina has two sources of blood supply; they are the: ovarian artery and uterine artery. uterine artery and vaginal artery. internal iliac artery and vaginal artery. aorta and external iliac artery.
uterine artery and vaginal artery.
