Obj-Oriented Analysis & Design - Test 1

The stages of Object-Oriented Software Development (OOSD) are: 1. Object-Oriented Analysis. 2. Object-Oriented _. 3. Object-Oriented Implementation.

Design

The _ Model represents the time-dependent aspects of a system.d

Dynamic

The main concepts of the _ Model are: 1. States 2. Transitions 3. Events 4. Actions 5. Concurrency of transitions

Dynamic

The three _ elements of an Object-Oriented System are: 1. Typing 2. Concurrency 3. Persistence

Minor

There are two categories of elements in an Object-Oriented System: 1. Major Elements 2. _ Elements

Minor

In the Object-Oriented Analysis stage (Stage 1) of OOSD: 1. The problem is formulated. 2. User requirements are identified. 3. A _ is built based upon real-world objects.

Model

The four major elements of an Object-Oriented System are: 1. Abstraction 2. Encapsulation 3. _ 4. Hierarchy

Modularity

_ is the process of decomposing a problem (program) into a set of modules so as to reduce the overall complexity of the problem.

Modularity

The four major elements of an Object-Oriented System are: 1. _ 2. Encapsulation 3. Modularity 4. Hierarchy

Abstraction

_ means to focus on the essential features of an element or object in OOP, ignoring its extraneous or accidental properties.

Abstraction

The main concepts of the dynamic model are: 1. States 2. Transitions 3. Events 4. _ 5. Concurrency of transitions

Actions

The primary tasks in Object-Oriented Analysis (OOA) are: 1. Identifying objects. 2. Organizing the objects by creating an object model diagram. 3. Defining the object attributes. 4. Defining the _ of the objects, i.e. object actions. 5. Describing how the objects interact.

Behavior

In the Object-Oriented _ stage (Stage 1) of OOSD: 1. The problem is formulated. 2. User requirements are identified. 3. A model is built based upon real-world objects.

Analysis

The stages of Object-Oriented Software Development (OOSD) are: 1. Object-Oriented _. 2. Object-Oriented Design. 3. Object-Oriented Implementation.

Analysis

A Link can be defined as an instance of an _.

Association

An _ is a group of links having common structure and behavior. This depicts the relationship between objects of one or more classes.

Association

The implementation of Object-Oriented Design (OOD) generally includes: 1. Restructuring the class data (if necessary). 2. Implementation of methods. 3. Implementation of control. 4. Implementation of _.

Associations

The constituents of a class are: 1. A set of _ for the objects that are to be instantiated from the class. 2. A set of operations that portray the behavior of the objects of the class.

Attributes

The primary tasks in Object-Oriented Analysis (OOA) are: 1. Identifying objects. 2. Organizing the objects by creating an object model diagram. 3. Defining the object _. 4. Defining the behavior of the objects, i.e. object actions. 5. Describing how the objects interact.

Attributes

_ in a class are often referred to as class data.

Attributes

Each object has: 1. An identity that distinguishes it from other objects in the system. 2. A state that determines the characteristic properties of the object as well as the values of the properties that the object holds. 3. _ that represents externally visible activities performed by the object in terms of changes in its state.

Behavior

A _ relationship connects objects of two classes.

Binary

The important features of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) are: 1. _ _ approach in program design. 2. Programs organized around objects, grouped in classes. 3. Focus on data with methods to operate upon object's data. 4 Interaction between objects through functions. 5. Reusability of design through creation of new classes.

Bottom-Up / Bottom Up

_ of an association denotes the number of instances participating in said association. There are three types of _ ratios: 1. One-to-One 2. One-to-Many 3. Many-to-Many (Only type answer once, they are the same)

Cardinality

A _ represents a collection of objects having characteristic properties that exhibit common behavior.

Class

The implementation of Object-Oriented Design (OOD) generally includes: 1. Restructuring the _ _ (if necessary). 2. Implementation of methods. 3. Implementation of control. 4. Implementation of associations.

Class Data

The three minor elements of an Object-Oriented System are: 1. Typing 2. _ 3. Persistence

Concurrency

_ in operating systems allows performing multiple tasks or processes simultaneously.

Concurrency

The implementation of Object-Oriented Design (OOD) generally includes: 1. Restructuring the class data (if necessary). 2. Implementation of methods. 3. Implementation of _. 4. Implementation of associations.

Control

Typically, a class is designed such that its data (attributes) can be accessed only by its class methods and insulated from direct outside access. This process of insulating an object's data is called _ _.

Data Hiding / Information Hiding

_ of an Association denotes the number of classes involved in a connection. This may be: 1. Unary 2. Binary 3. Ternary

Degree

The Object-Oriented _ stage (Stage 2) of OOSD includes two main stages: 1. System Design. 2. Object Design.

Design

The process of _ Modelling can be visualized in the following steps: 1. Identify states of each object. 2. Identify events and analyze the applicability of actions. 3. Construct dynamic model diagram, comprising of state transition diagrams. 4. Express each state in terms of object attribute. 5. Validate the state-transition diagrams drawn.

Dynamic

The three analysis techniques that are used in conjunction with each other for Object-Oriented Analysis are: 1. Object Modelling 2. _ Modelling 3. Functional Modelling

Dynamic

_ Modelling is a way of describing how an individual object responds to events, either internal events triggered by other objects, or external events triggered by the outside world.

Dynamic

The four major elements of an Object-Oriented System are: 1. Abstraction 2. _ 3. Modularity 4. Hierarchy

Encapsulation

_ is the process of binding both attributes and methods together within a class.

Encapsulation

_ is the process of binding both attributes and methods together within a class. Through this, the internal details of a class can be hidden from outside.

Encapsulation

The main concepts of the dynamic model are: 1. States 2. Transitions 3. _ 4. Actions 5. Concurrency of transitions

Events

The process of _ Modelling can be visualized in the following steps: 1. Identify all the inputs and outputs. 2. Construct data flow diagrams showing functional dependencies. 3. State the purpose of each function. 4. Identify constraints. 5. Specify optimization criteria.

Functional

The three analysis techniques that are used in conjunction with each other for Object-Oriented Analysis are: 1. Object Modelling 2. Dynamic Modelling 3. _ Modelling

Functional

_ Modelling shows the processes that are performed within an object and how the data changes as it moves between methods.

Functional

The important features of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) are: 1. Bottom-up approach in program design. 2. Programs organized around objects, grouped in classes. 3. Focus on data with _ to operate upon object's data. 4 Interaction between objects through functions. 5. Reusability of design through creation of new classes.

Functions / Methods

The implementation of Object-Oriented Design (OOD) generally includes: 1. Restructuring the class data (if necessary). 2. Implementation of _. 3. Implementation of control. 4. Implementation of associations.

Methods

The important features of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) are: 1. Bottom-up approach in program design. 2. Programs organized around objects, grouped in classes. 3. Focus on data with methods to operate upon object's data. 4 Interaction between objects through _. 5. Reusability of design through creation of new classes.

Functions / Methods

In the _ process, the common characteristics of classes are combined to form a super-class.

Generalization

_ is the reverse process of Specialization.

Generalization

When a class has a number of subclasses, each of which may have subsequent subclasses, continuing for a number of levels, so as to form a tree structure, that is called _ Inheritance.

Hierarchical

The four major elements of an Object-Oriented System are: 1. Abstraction 2. Encapsulation 3. Modularity 4. _

Hierarchy

_ is the ranking or ordering of abstraction.

Hierarchy

A combination of multiple and multilevel inheritance so as to form a lattice structure is called _ Inheritance.

Hybrid

The primary tasks in Object-Oriented Analysis (OOA) are: 1. _ objects. 2. Organizing the objects by an creating object model diagram. 3. Defining the object attributes. 4. Defining the behavior of the objects, i.e. object actions. 5. Describing how the objects interact.

Identifying

Each object has: 1. An _ that distinguishes it from other objects in the system. 2. A state that determines the characteristic properties of the object as well as the values of the properties that the object holds. 3. Behavior that represents externally visible activities performed by the object in terms of changes in its state.

Identity

The stages of Object-Oriented Software Development (OOSD) are: 1. Object-Oriented Analysis. 2. Object-Oriented Design. 3. Object-Oriented _.

Implementation

In the Object-Oriented _ _ _ (Stage 3) of OOSD: The design model developed in the Object Design stage is translated into code in an appropriate programming language or software tool. The databases are created and the specific hardware requirements are ascertained. Once the code is in shape, it is tested using specialized techniques to identify and remove the errors in the code.

Implementation and Testing

_ is the mechanism that permits new classes to be created out of existing classes by extending and refining its capabilities.

Inheritance

The primary tasks in Object-Oriented Analysis (OOA) are: 1. Identifying objects. 2. Organizing the objects by creating an object model diagram. 3. Defining the object attributes. 4. Defining the behavior of the objects, i.e. object actions. 5. Describing how the objects _.

Interact

Inheritance defines an "_" relationship.

Is-A / Is A

Generalization represents an "_" relationship.

Is-A-Kind-Of / Is A Kind Of

A _ can be defined as an instance of an Association.

Link

A _ represents a connection through which an object collaborates with other objects. This depicts the relationship between two or more objects.

Link

The four _ elements of an Object-Oriented System are: 1. Abstraction 2. Encapsulation 3. Modularity 4. Hierarchy

Major

There are two categories of elements in an Object-Oriented System: 1. _ Elements 2. Minor Elements

Major

Objects in a system may communicate with each other using _ _.

Message Passing

When a subclass derives from a super-class which in turn is derived from another class (and so on), this is called _ Inheritance.

Multilevel

When a subclass derives from more than one super-classes, that is called _ Inheritance.

Multiple

An _ is a real-world element in an object-oriented environment that may have a physical or a conceptual existence.

Object

An instance of a class.

Object

The Object-Oriented Design stage (Stage 2) of OOSD includes two main stages: 1. System Design. 2. _ Design.

Object

The process of _ Modelling can be visualized in the following steps: 1. Identify objects and group into classes. 2. Identify the relationships among classes. 3. Create user object model diagram. 4. Define user object attributes. 5. Define the operations that should be performed on the classes. 6. Review glossary.

Object

The three analysis techniques that are used in conjunction with each other for Object-Oriented Analysis are: 1. _ Modelling 2. Dynamic Modelling 3. Functional Modelling

Object

_ Modelling develops the static structure of the software system in terms of objects.

Object

In the _ _ (Stage 2b) of OOSD: A design model is developed based on both the models developed in the System Analysis stage and the architecture designed in the System Design stage. The associations between identified classes are established and the hierarchies of classes are identified. The developer also designs the internal details of the classes and their associations, i.e., the data structure for each attribute and the algorithms for the operations.

Object Design

The _ _ visualizes the elements in a software application in terms of objects.

Object Model

_ _ _ is the procedure of identifying software engineering requirements and developing software specifications in terms of a software system's object model, which comprises of interacting objects.

Object-Oriented Analysis / Object Oriented Analysis / OOA

_ _ _ involves implementation of the conceptual model produced during object-oriented analysis. Concepts in the analysis model, which are technology−independent, are mapped onto implementing classes, constraints are identified and interfaces are designed, resulting in a model for the solution domain, i.e., a detailed description of how the system is to be built on concrete technologies.

Object-Oriented Design / Object Oriented Design / OOD

_ _ _ is a programming paradigm based upon objects (having both data and methods) that aims to incorporate the advantages of modularity and reusability.

Object-Oriented Programming / Object Oriented Programming / OOP

The important features of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) are: 1. Bottom-up approach in program design. 2. Programs organized around _, grouped in _. 3. Focus on data with methods to operate upon object's data. 4 Interaction between objects through functions. 5. Reusability of design through creation of new classes.

Objects Classes

The constituents of a class are: 1. A set of attributes for the objects that are to be instantiated from the class. 2. A set of _ that portray the behavior of the objects of the class.

Operations

_ in a class are also referred to as functions or methods.

Operations

The primary tasks in Object-Oriented Analysis (OOA) are: 1. Identifying objects. 2. _ the objects by creating an object model diagram. 3. Defining the object attributes. 4. Defining the behavior of the objects, i.e. object actions. 5. Describing how the objects interact.

Organizing

The three minor elements of an Object-Oriented System are: 1. Typing 2. Concurrency 3. _

Persistence

_ allows objects with different internal structures to have a common external interface.

Polymorphism

In the Object-Oriented Analysis stage (Stage 1) of OOSD: 1. The _ is formulated. 2. User requirements are identified. 3. A model is built based upon real-world objects.

Problem

In the Object-Oriented Analysis stage (Stage 1) of OOSD: 1. The problem is formulated. 2. User _ are identified. 3. A model is built based upon real-world objects.

Requirements

The important features of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) are: 1. Bottom-up approach in program design. 2. Programs organized around objects, grouped in classes. 3. Focus on data with methods to operate upon object's data. 4 Interaction between objects through functions. 5. _ of design through creation of new classes.

Reusability

When a subclass derives from a single super-class, this is called _ Inheritance.

Single

In the _ process, the distinguishing features of groups of objects are used to form sub-classes from existing classes.

Specialization

_ is the reverse process of Generalization.

Specialization

Each object has: 1. An identity that distinguishes it from other objects in the system. 2. A _ that determines the characteristic properties of the object as well as the values of the properties that the object holds. 3. Behavior that represents externally visible activities performed by the object in terms of changes in its state.

State

The main concepts of the dynamic model are: 1. _ 2. Transitions 3. Events 4. Actions 5. Concurrency of transitions

States

The _ _ _ _ approach is the traditional approach of software development based upon the waterfall model.

Structured Analysis, Structured Design / SASD

The phases of development of a system using _ _ _ _ are: 1. Feasibility Study 2. Requirement Analysis and Specification 3. System Design 4. Implementation 5. Post-implementation Review

Structured Analysis, Structured Design / SASD

The Object-Oriented Design stage (Stage 2) of OOSD includes two main stages: 1. _ Design. 2. Object Design.

System

In the _ _ stage (Stage 2a) of OOSD: The complete architecture of the desired system is designed. The system is conceived as a set of interacting subsystems that are composed of a hierarchy of interacting objects, grouped into classes. The emphasis is on the objects comprising the system rather than the processes in the system.

System Design

A _ relationship connects objects of three or more classes.

Ternary

The main concepts of the dynamic model are: 1. States 2. _ 3. Events 4. Actions 5. Concurrency of transitions

Transitions

The three minor elements of an Object-Oriented System are: 1. _ 2. Concurrency 3. Persistence

Typing

_ is the enforcement of the notion that an object is an instance of a single class or type. It also enforces that objects of different types may not be generally interchanged; and can be interchanged only in a very restricted manner if absolutely required to do so.

Typing

A _ relationship connects objects of the same class.

Unary