Objective 1-3 Chapter 1 Intro to Pysch
What are the goals of psychology?
1. Describe- gain a better perspective 2. Explain- factors that contribute to problem 3. Predict- how we act/think 4. Control
Who is Wilhelm Wundt? Define structuralism (his "school of thought"/perspective or what he thought the goal of psychology should be), introspection (a technique) and what was the problem with it, and why do you think we refer to 1879 as the birth of psychology?
1st German scientist to be named a psychologist. Structuralism is Wundt's attempt to understand the structure or characteristics of the mind. Introspection is a process where someone examines their own conscious experience just like one would observe nature. The problem with it was that during training people wouldn't agree upon anything. We refer 1879 as the birth of psych because Wundt founded a psych lab teaching students and experimented to further understand psych.
What is the difference between a Ph.D and PsyD regarding clinical vs. research focus?
A psyD degree focuses the application of psychological principles in the CLINICAL area. A PhD is more focused on RESEARCH.
Sensation and Perception
Our experience in our world isn't the sum of our sensations, but where we focus our attention, experiences, and backgrounds
Briefly summarize the work of Pavlov, Watson (include why he was a major proponent of shifting focus from mind to behavior), and Skinner and define the school of thought/perspective known as Behaviorism. How is it different than the previously discussed schools of thoughts/perspective.
Pavlov- work involved a learning behavior where overtime animals/humans produce a reflex associated with the original stimulus. (classical conditioning) Watson- work shifted from the mind to behaviorism. He used animals in experiments to apply to human behavior. He believed you can't study the unconscious mind. Skinner- work focused on how behavior was affected by consequences. Made a behavior chamber. Behaviorism- behavior is learned through experience rather than unconscious mind.
What is the difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist?
Psychologist have a PhD/PsyD. Psychiatrists have a doctor of medicine degree. (MD)
What do Wertheimer, Koffka, and Kohler have to do with Psychology? Make sure you explain Gestalt psychology as well. Knowing what you know about structuralism, how does Gestalt psychology differ?
They introduced the U.S. to Gestalt psychology Gestalt focuses on the "whole" not the parts making it up. Structuralism focuses on the parts and Gestalt focuses on the whole.
Who was William James and explain his school of thought/perspective (make sure you include how it tied into the theory of evolution) and how it differs from structuralism.
William James was the 1st American psychologist who thought of a different perspective on psych. He believed in Darwin's theory of selection which meant he believed natural selection adapts to a person's behavior. This perspective was known as functionalism. This differs from structuralism because functionalism involves the whole mind rather than it's individual parts.
Define Psychology
the scientific study of the mind and behavior
Who is Freud, where did he theorize his patients problems arose from, and how could the "root" of those problems be accessed. Be sure to define psychoanalytic theory.
A very well-known Austrian neurologist interested in hysteria neurosis. He theorized the problems arose from the unconscious mind. The root could be accessed by a dream analysis, which means he examined the first thing that came to patients minds. Psychoanalytic theory focuses on a person's unconscious and childhood for a clinical purpose.
What is the difference between the APA and APS?
APS is more focused on research and APA has a strong clinical component.
Behaviorism
Behavior is learned through experience
Who are Maslow and Rogers and define their school of thought/perspective known as Humanism (include why this perspective emerged in regard to behaviorism).
Maslow- created hierarchy of human needs. Believed if basic needs were met higher-level needs would be met by motivation. Rogers- believed good is in all people. He used a therapeutic technique to help with people's problems Some psychologists objected behaviorism because it blames behavior on genetics and environment. They began a perspective called Humanism which means the potential for good is in all humans.
Evolutionary psychology
a behavior must have a survival advantage
Industrial-Organizational
applies psychological theories, principles, and research findings in industrial and organizational settings
Forensic
applies the science and practice of psych to issues within and related to the justice system
Sport and Exercise Psychology
area of psychology that focuses on the interactions between mental and emotional factors and physical performance in sports, exercise, and other activities
Psychoanalysis
focus on the role of the unconscious in affecting conscious behavior
Clinical
focuses on diagnosis and treatment of disorders/problems
Counseling
focuses on emotional, social, vocational, and health-related outcomes in individuals.
Explain the multicultural perspective.
focuses on how cultural factors influence patterns of behavior
Sociocultural
focuses on how cultural factors influence patterns of behavior
Health Psychology
focuses on how health is affected by the interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors
Humanism
good is in all humans
Social psychology
how we interact and relate to others
Biopsychology
study of how biology influences behavior
Personality
study of patterns of thoughts and behaviors that make each individual unique.
Cognitive
study of thoughts and how we react
What is cognitive perspective interested in studying?
the mind
Developmental
the scientific study of physical, cognitive, and social changes from conception to death
