Obsessive-Compulsive-Ralated Disorders

DSM-5 criteria for Hoarding Disorder

1. Consistent difficulty parting with objects, regardless of their value 2. Perceived need to save items 3. Distress associated with discarding items 4. The symptoms result in the accumulation of a large number of possession that clutter active living spaces of the home or workplace to the extent that their intended use is compromised unless others intervene

What behaviors do those engage in who have Body Dysmorphic Disorder?

1. Constantly checking oneself in the mirror 2. Camouflaging by tanning, plastic surgery, and makeup

Onset of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

1. Develops either before age 10 or during adolescence/early adulthood

Body Dysmorphic Disorder etiology

1. Excessive focus on details 2. Excessive valuation of physical attractiveness

Model 1 of OCD (etiology)

1. Focuses on compulsions - Problem with extinction of a conditioned response.

Model 2 of OCD (etiology)

1. Focuses on obsessions - Attempts to suppress the obsessions actually makes them stronger

Features men focus on who have Body Dysmorphic Disorder

1. Height 2. Penis size 3. Muscularity 4. Body hair

Compulsions

1. Impulse to repeat certain *behaviors* or *mental acts* to 2. Extremely difficult to resist the impulse 3. May involve elaborate behavioral rituals *BEHAVIORS AND MENTAL ACTS*

DSM-5 Criteria for Body Dysmorphic Disorder

1. Obsessing over appearance or part of the appearance that is actually slight 2. No one else can see the appearance problem, or it is very slight 3. The person performs repetitive actions (looking in the mirror, plastic surgery) 4. Preoccupation is not restricted to concerns about weight or fat

Obsessive-Compulsive related disorders

1. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) 2. Body Dysmorphic Disorder 3. Hoarding Disorder

In what three brain areas do OCD, BDD, and Hoarding Disorder show increased activity?

1. Orbitofrontal cortex 2. Caudate nucleus 3. Anterior cingulate

Hoarding Disorder etiology

1. Poor organizational and decision making abilities 2. Unusual beliefs about possessions 3. Avoidance behaviors

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder definition

1. Repetitive thoughts and urges 2. Repetitive behaviors and mental acts (compulsions)

Features women focus on who have Body Dysmorphic Disorder

1. Skin 2. Hips 3. Legs 4. Breasts

OCD and BDD are comorbid with

1. Substance abuse disorders 2. Anxiety 3. Depression

Lifetime commonness of Hoarding Disorder

1.5%

Lifetime commonness of BDD

2%

Lifetime commonness of OCD

2%

Percentage of people who engage in animal hoarding

33%

Heritability for OCD, BDD, and Hoarding Disorder

40-50%

Percentage of people who are unaware of the severity of their problems

66%

What do the Orbitofrontal cortex, the Caudate nucleus, and the Anterior cingulate control?

Behavioral activation and inhibition

Onset of Hoarding Disorder

Childhood/early adolescence

True/False: those who have Body Dysmorphic Disorder do not have another comorbid disorder?

False

Obsessions

Intrusive, persistent, and uncontrollable thoughts or urges that interfere with social interactions *THOUGHTS AND URGES*

Do animals receive adequate care when hoarded?

No

Are compulsive gambling, eating, etc. considered compulsions?

No. They are not considered compulsions because because are pleasurable. Compulsions reduce anxiety and they are not pleasurable.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Reparative thoughts and urges about personal appearance

Hoarding Disorder

Repetitive thoughts about possessions

Is Hoarding Disorder more common in men or women?

There is no gender difference

Are the objects important to those who hoard them and everyone else in the world?

Those who hoard the objects are extremely attached to the objects. The objects are worthless to everyone else who does not have Hoarding Disorder.

Is BDD more common in men or women?

Women

Is OCD more common in men or women?

Women