OCE 1001 FSU Ch. 4
Which of the following are microscopic, single-celled floating algae that accumulate to form biogenous sediment? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) Coccolithophores Radiolarians Diatoms Foraminifers Tektites
-Coccolithophores -Diatoms
Of the following, which energy resource(s) can be extracted from marine sediments? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) Gas hydrates Halite Phosphorites Manganese nodules Petroleum
-Gas hydrates -Petroleum
Of the following types of lithogenous sediment, which one(s) would you expect to find very far from the location of origin? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) Pebbles Quartz granules Volcanic ash Quartz silt Boulders
-Volcanic ash -Quartz silt
Where might one find calcareous oozes on the seafloor? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) on the floor of deep-sea trenches along the crests of mid-ocean ridges, above the CCD buried beneath abyssal clay buried beneath siliceous oozes on the abyssal plain, below the CCD
-along the crests of mid-ocean ridges, above the CCD -buried beneath abyssal clay -buried beneath siliceous oozes
Of the following sediments, which one(s) is/are considered hydrogenous? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) abyssal clay coatings of metal sulfides near black smokers manganese nodules black volcanic beach sand radiolarian ooze tests of foraminifers
-coatings of metal sulfides near black smokers -manganese nodules
What is the approximate depth of the calcite compensation depth (CCD) in the ocean? View Available Hint(s) 0.6 mile (1 kilometer) 1.6 mile (2.5 kilometers) 2 miles (3.2 kilometers) 3 miles (4.5 kilometers) 4.3 miles (7 kilometers)
3 miles (4.5 kilometers)
On average, at what ocean depth does calcite readily dissolve into seawater? View Available Hint(s) 100 meters (328 feet) 3400 meters (11,155 feet) 4500 meters (14,764 feet) 1000 meters (3281 feet) 2000 meters (6562 feet)
4500 meters (14,764 feet)
The cross-section below shows an area of the sea floor that is accumulating sediments. Match the type of sediment/feature with the correct letter. Upwelling, cool water Mid-ocean ridge Abyssal clay Calcite compensation depth (CCD) Siliceous ooze Calcareous ooze
A: Abyssal clay B: Calcareous ooze C: Mid-ocean ridge D: Calcite compensation depth (CCD) E: Siliceous ooze F: Upwelling, cool water
On the world ocean pie diagram below, match the percentage to the correct type of sediment. Abyssal clay Siliceous ooze Calcareous ooze
A: Abyssal clay B: Calcareous ooze C: Siliceous ooze
Part complete What would happen if the depth of the CCD were above the top of the mid-ocean ridge? The mid-ocean ridge would dissolve. Calcareous ooze would be found below the CCD. Non-calcareous sediment on the mid-ocean ridge would dissolve. Calcareous ooze would not be found below the CCD.
Calcareous ooze would not be found below the CCD.
Micrometeorites are an example of which of the following sediment types? Biogenous Sediment Cosmogenous Sediment Hydrogenous Sediment Lithogenous Sediment Terrigenous Sediment
Cosmogenous Sediment
Which of the following contains the most organic carbon on Earth? Living organisms Gas hydrates Peat Soil Fossil Fuels
Gas hydrates
Oolites are an example of which of the following sediment types? Biogenous Sediment Cosmogenous Sediment Hydrogenous Sediment Lithogenous Sediment Terrigenous Sediment
Hydrogenous Sediment
Rock salt (halite) is an example of which of the following sediment types? Biogenous Sediment Cosmogenous Sediment Hydrogenous Sediment Lithogenous Sediment Terrigenous Sediment
Hydrogenous Sediment
Abyssal clay is an example of which of the following sediment types? Biogenous Sediment Cosmogenous Sediment Hydrogenous Sediment Lithogenous Sediment
Lithogenous Sediment
Glacial deposits are an example of which of the following sediment types? Biogenous Sediment Cosmogenous Sediment Hydrogenous Sediment Lithogenous Sediment
Lithogenous Sediment
Which of the following natural gasses is most common in gas hydrates from under the ocean floor? Hydrogen sulfide Propane Carbon dioxide Ethane Methane
Methane
The ancient remains of which of the following, buried before they could decompose, are the source of today's petroleum deposits? Dinosaurs Microscopic organisms Peat and coal Fish and amphibians Land based plants
Microscopic organisms
Why do some organisms thrive in warm surface waters? View Available Hint(s) Warm water is higher in nutrients than cold water. Warm water is generally saturated in carbonate. Warm water holds more dissolved oxygen than cold water. Warm water is less salty than cold water. Warm water is more dense than cold water.
Warm water is generally saturated in carbonate.
What is calcareous ooze? -a fine-grained, deep-ocean sediment containing the skeletal remains of ooze-secreting microbes -a coarse-grained, deep-ocean sediment containing the skeletal remains of calcite-secreting microbes -a fine-grained, shallow-ocean sediment containing the skeletal remains of calcite-secreting microbes -a fine-grained, deep ocean sediment containing the skeletal remains of calcite-secreting microbes -a coarse-grained, deep-ocean sediment containing the skeletal remains of ooze-secreting microbes
a fine-grained, deep ocean sediment containing the skeletal remains of calcite-secreting microbes
Sediments that are poorly sorted were most likely deposited by: the wind. a river delta. a glacier. organisms a volcanic eruption.
a glacier
What common household item is used in this video to demonstrate rotary drilling? Silly Putty an apple corer oil and vinegar salad dressing a can of soda a candle
an apple corer
What factor primarily determines the distribution of radiolarian ooze? View Available Hint(s) areas of upwelling areas of low atmospheric pressure windy areas areas of warm surface water areas of high salinity
areas of upwelling
Marine sediments that originate in the warm tropical surface ocean would create deposits in the deep sea composed primarily of ___________. View Available Hint(s) quartz sand silica volcanic ash metal sulfides calcium carbonate
calcium carbonate
The sea floor provides the largest reservoir of usable energy in the ocean, and likely the world, in the form of ______________. View Available Hint(s) halites clathrates phosphorites coal crude oil
clathrates
From smallest to largest, which list of sediment particle sizes is in the correct order? View Available Hint(s) pebbles, sand, silt, clay clay, sand, silt, pebbles silt, clay, sand, pebbles clay, silt, sand, pebbles sand, silt, clay, pebbles
clay, silt, sand, pebbles
Forams, which are composed of calcium carbonate, __________ above the CCD and __________ below the CCD. View Available Hint(s) do not dissolve; do not dissolve do not dissolve; dissolve dissolve; dissolve dissolve; do not dissolve
do not dissolve; dissolve
Diatomaceous earth, which is composed of silica, __________ above the CCD and __________ below the CCD. View Available Hint(s) does not dissolve; dissolves does not dissolve; does not dissolve dissolves; does not dissolve dissolves; dissolves
does not dissolve; does not dissolve
A very important way to increase the settling rate of fine particles in the open ocean is via: precipitation. fecal pellets. deposit feeders. carbonate dissolution. wind.
fecal pellets
The main energy resources associated with marine sediments are petroleum and ________. wind power rare-earth elements coal gas hydrates ethanol
gas hydrates
Which of the following is a hollow steel tube with a heavy weight on top that is to collect sediment samples? Rotary corer Long line Seiche disk Dredge Gravity corer
gravity corer
Sediments produced because of chemical reactions in seawater are called: volcanogenic. biogenous. lithogenous. hydrogenous. cosmogenous.
hydrogenous
Part complete High-energy environments are most likely to deposit which one of the following? silt-sized particles manganese nodules cosmogenous sediments clay-sized particles large particles such as gravel
large particles such as gravel
Sediments derived from pre-existing rocks on land are called: biogenous. volcanogenic. cosmogenous. hydrogenous. lithogenous.
lithogenous
What percentage of the rocks exposed on the continents originated as sedimentary rocks deposited in ancient ocean environments? More than fifty percent Twenty to thirty percent Less than twenty percent Thirty to forty percent Forty to fifty percent
more than fifty percent
The type of marine sediment that forms the thickest deposits worldwide is: pelagic biogenous calcareous deposits. neritic, lithogenous sediment deposits. manganese nodule deposits. abyssal clay deposits. neritic siliceous sediment deposits.
neritic, lithogenous sediment deposits.
Where on the ocean floor do abyssal clays develop? View Available Hint(s) on the seafloor beneath areas of high productivity in the surface ocean on the deep-ocean floor, far from land at the bottom of the continental slope, in submarine fans along the continental shelf within a delta, where rivers supply clay-sized particles
on the deep-ocean floor, far from land
The number of organisms present in the surface water above the ocean floor is called ________. ecology productivity destruction erosion dilution
productivity
Which of the following is the most advanced technology used to collect sediment samples from the deep ocean? Gravity corer Dredge Long line Seiche disk Rotary corer
rotary corer
In the demonstration, what does the apple represent? View Available Hint(s) a weight suspended in water a circular fish that isn't very streamlined the flying object on the end of a string the deep sea floor a grain of sand on a beach
the deep sea floor
Which of the following organisms thrive in cold surface waters? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) radiolarians diatoms siliceous organisms foraminifers carbonate organisms
-radiolarians -diatoms -siliceous organisms
Which of the following are examples of pelagic sediments? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) evaporites volcanic dust abyssal clay biogenic ooze pebbles
-volcanic dust -abyssal clay -biogenic ooze
The most likely place to find abundant manganese nodules is on the: continental rise. crest of a mid-ocean ridge. continental shelf. abyssal plain far from a continent. All of the above locations contain manganese nodules.
abyssal plain far from a continent
Which sediment type dominates in the neritic environment? View Available Hint(s) cosmogenous sediments, such as space dust hydrogenous sediments, such as manganese nodules biogenous sediment, such as diatom tests coarse lithogenous sediment, such as sand and small rocks fine lithogenous sediment, such as clay
coarse lithogenous sediment, such as sand and small rocks
Sediments with an extraterrestrial origin are called: volcanogenic. biogenous. lithogenous. hydrogenous. cosmogenous.
cosmogenous
Which of the following are examples of neritic sediments? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) siliceous ooze evaporite deposits manganese nodules beach sand abyssal clay
-evaporite deposits -beach sand
Which of the following sediments would you expect to find in a lagoon? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) manganese nodules siliceous ooze salt broken bits of coral turbidites
-salt -broken bits of coral
This composite photomicrograph image shows various types of siliceous marine microorganisms that are found in sediment. Match the correct letter to the name and correct description of each organism listed below. Diatom, top view Diatom, showing both halves of its test Radiolarian, spherical shape Radiolarian, showing long appendages
A: Diatom, showing both halves of its test B: Radiolarian, showing long appendages C: Radiolarian, spherical shape D: Diatom, top view
This global map shows the distribution of different types of marine sediment (different colors). Match the correct letter to the sediment type listed below. Neritic continental lithogenous Siliceous ooze: diatom Calcareous ooze Abyssal clay Siliceous ooze: radiolarian
A: Siliceous ooze: diatom B: Abyssal clay C: Neritic continental lithogenous D: Calcareous ooze E: Siliceous ooze: radiolarian
Why is this drilling process called rotary drilling? View Available Hint(s) Because the constant pounding on the drill string causes a rotary motion. Because a high-powered rotary engine drives the drilling process. Because the drill bit turns around in a circle. Because the ship spins around in a circle to power the drilling process.
Because the drill bit turns around in a circle.
Why does calcareous material dissolve below the CCD? View Available Hint(s) -Below the CCD, weak acid is formed, which dissolves calcareous material. -The lack of light in the deep ocean causes chemical reactions to occur that dissolve calcareous material. -Deep-ocean marine organisms exude chemicals that cause calcareous material to dissolve. -The higher salinity at depth reacts with calcareous material and causes it to dissolve.
Below the CCD, weak acid is formed, which dissolves calcareous material.
Part complete Turbidite deposits are an example of which of the following sediment types? Biogenous Sediment Cosmogenous Sediment Hydrogenous Sediment Lithogenous Sediment
Lithogenous Sediment
Sediments produced by plants and animals in the sea are called: terrigenous. hydrogenous. biogenous. volcanogenic. cosmogenous.
biogenous
Calcareous ooze is an example of which of the following sediment types? Biogenous Sediment Cosmogenous Sediment Hydrogenous Sediment Lithogenous Sediment Terrigenous Sediment
biogenous sediment
Siliceous ooze is an example of which of the following sediment types? Biogenous Sediment Cosmogenous Sediment Hydrogenous Sediment Lithogenous Sediment Terrigenous Sediment
biogenous sediment
Which sediment below cannot accumulate below the CCD? View Available Hint(s) abyssal clay diatom tests manganese nodules turbidites calcareous tests
calcareous tests
Sandstone is an example of which of the following sediment types? Biogenous Sediment Cosmogenous Sediment Hydrogenous Sediment Lithogenous Sediment
lithogenous sediment
Neritic sediments are most likely to be composed of __________. View Available Hint(s) biogenic ooze sand, silt, and gravel basalt fragments and metallic sulfides halite, gypsum, and anhydrite red clay
sand, silt, and gravel
Ocean sediments consist of particles that have slowly settled out of the water by which of the following the processes? Sediment compaction Porosity reduction Paleooceanography Grain lithification Suspension settling
suspension settling
Marine sediments provide valuable clues about which of the following Earth history events? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) movement of the ocean floor past catastrophes, such as major extinction events the climate on Earth millions of years ago the ancient geographical locations of ocean basins previous ocean circulation patterns
-movement of the ocean floor -past catastrophes, such as major extinction events -the climate on Earth millions of years ago -the ancient geographical locations of ocean basins -previous ocean circulation patterns
Which of the following factors affect the distribution of biogenic oozes on the seafloor? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) seafloor spreading water depth biological productivity transform faulting dissolution
-seafloor spreading -water depth -biological productivity -dissolution
What mechanism(s) is/are responsible for transporting clay to deep ocean basins? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) wind ice rafting underwater landslides slow-moving ocean currents rivers
-wind -slow-moving ocean currents
This composite photomicrograph image shows various types of calcareous marine microorganisms that are found in sediment. Match the correct letter to the name and correct description of each organism listed below. Coccolithophore (single) Foraminifers Diatom (siliceous) Coccolithophores (multiple) Coccoliths (individual plates)
A: Coccolithophores (multiple) B: Foraminifers C: Coccoliths (individual plates) D: Coccolithophore (single) E: Diatom (siliceous)
Collecting adequate samples from which of the following is the most difficult? The deep-ocean floor Marine sediments on land Estuaries and lagoons Continental shelf
the deep-ocean floor
What is the calcite compensation depth, or CCD? the ocean depth below which calcite is unstable and will dissolve quickly the ocean depth above which calcite is unstable and will deposit quickly the ocean depth below which calcite is stable and will deposit quickly the ocean depth above which calcite is unstable and will dissolve quickly
the ocean depth below which calcite is unstable and will dissolve quickly
What factor primarily controls the distribution of calcareous ooze? View Available Hint(s) water temperature nutrient availability water depth proximity to land water salinity
water depth
Shale is an example of which of the following sediment types? Biogenous Sediment Cosmogenous Sediment Hydrogenous Sediment Lithogenous Sediment
Lithogenous Sediment
What sediment type(s) is/are included in the pink category labeled "Other" on the map? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) rock fragments diatom ooze cosmogenous sediments sand hydrogenous sediments
-cosmogenous sediments -hydrogenous sediments
Terrigenous sediment is another name for which of the following? Biogenous Sediment Cosmogenous Sediment Hydrogenous Sediment Lithogenous Sediment
lithogenous sediment
What have oceanographers determined from analyzing sea floor cores? View Available Hint(s) climate change and past extinctions how fast sediment is accumulating in the deep ocean how deep the ocean really is Highly-specialized marine life can exist at all depths in the ocean. There is an abundance of human-produced trash on the deep ocean floor.
climate change and past extinctions
What three steps are required for calcareous ooze to exist below the CCD? -deposition of calcite shells above the CCD, cover of these shells by a calcareous material, and stability of the sea floor over millions of years -deposition of calcite shells above the CCD, cover of these shells by a non-calcareous material, and movement of the sea floor over millions of years -deposition of calcite shells below the CCD, cover of these shells by a calcareous material, and movement of the sea floor over millions of years -deposition of calcite shells below the CCD, cover of these shells by a non-calcareous material, and movement of the sea floor over millions of years -deposition of calcite shells above the CCD, cover of these shells by a non-calcareous material, and stability of the sea floor over millions of years
deposition of calcite shells above the CCD, cover of these shells by a non-calcareous material, and movement of the sea floor over millions of years
