OCE1001 CH4
Fossiliferous limestone is an example of which of the following sediment types? Biogenous Sediment Cosmogenous Sediment Hydrogenous Sediment Lithogenous Sediment Terrigenous Sediment
Biogenous Sediment
Tektites are an example of which of the following sediment types? Biogenous Sediment Cosmogenous Sediment Hydrogenous Sediment Lithogenous Sediment Terrigenous Sediment
Cosmogenous Sediment
Which of the following is thought to have enriched ocean floor sediments with rare-earth elements? Clathrate formation Deep-sea hotsprings Nodule and crust creation Sea floor methane seeps Groundwater leaching
Deep-sea hotsprings
Sandstone is an example of which of the following sediment types? Biogenous Sediment Cosmogenous Sediment Hydrogenous Sediment Lithogenous Sediment
Lithogenous Sediment
Turbidite deposits are an example of which of the following sediment types? Biogenous Sediment Cosmogenous Sediment Hydrogenous Sediment Lithogenous Sediment
Lithogenous Sediment
Which of the following natural gasses is most common in gas hydrates from under the ocean floor? Carbon dioxide Hydrogen sulfide Ethane Methane Propane
Methane
Two common types of chemical compounds found in biogenous sediments are __________ and __________. Hints calcium carbonate; volcanic ash calcium carbonate; silica calcium carbonate; quartz quartz; volcanic ash silica; quartz
calcium carbonate; silica
You take a sediment sample from the ocean floor at a depth of 5500 m. The area has low biological productivity and the CCD is at 4500 m depth. Your sample will probably consist of __________. Hints clay calcareous ooze sand siliceous ooze coral
clay
The particles found in some sediment that suggests that an extraterrestrial impact event are: evaporites. tektites. clays. oozes. silt.
tektites.
What is the approximate depth of the calcite compensation depth (CCD) in the ocean? Hints 0.6 mile (1 kilometer) 1.6 mile (2.5 kilometers) 2 miles (3.2 kilometers) 3 miles (4.5 kilometers) 4.3 miles (7 kilometers)
3 miles (4.5 kilometers)
Marine sediments provide valuable clues about which of the following Earth history events? Choose all that apply. Hints the ancient geographical locations of ocean basins the climate on Earth millions of years ago past catastrophes, such as major extinction events movement of the ocean floor previous ocean circulation patterns
ALL OF THE ABOVE
Why does calcareous material dissolve below the CCD? Hints Below the CCD, weak acid is formed, which dissolves calcareous material. The higher salinity at depth reacts with calcareous material and causes it to dissolve. Deep-ocean marine organisms exude chemicals that cause calcareous material to dissolve. The lack of light in the deep ocean causes chemical reactions to occur that dissolve calcareous material.
Below the CCD, weak acid is formed, which dissolves calcareous material.
The White Cliffs of Dover are an example of which of the following sediment types? Biogenous Sediment Cosmogenous Sediment Hydrogenous Sediment Lithogenous Sediment Terrigenous Sediment
Biogenous Sediment
What would happen if the depth of the CCD were above the top of the mid-ocean ridge? Non-calcareous sediment on the mid-ocean ridge would dissolve. Calcareous ooze would be found below the CCD. The mid-ocean ridge would dissolve. Calcareous ooze would not be found below the CCD.
Calcareous ooze would not be found below the CCD
Which of the following was used during early exploration of the oceans to collect sediment samples? Dredge Gravity corer Long line Rotary corer Seiche disk
Dredge
Oolites are an example of which of the following sediment types? Biogenous Sediment Cosmogenous Sediment Hydrogenous Sediment Lithogenous Sediment Terrigenous Sediment
Hydrogenous Sediment
The ancient remains of which of the following, buried before they could decompose, are the source of today's petroleum deposits? Microscopic organisms Land based plants Peat and coal Dinosaurs Fish and amphibians
Microscopic organisms
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Foraminiferans Coccolithophores Radiolarians Oolites Diatoms
Oolites
Which of the following resources found in ocean sediments has the greatest economic value? Manganese nodules and crusts Rare-earth elements Gas hydrates Petroleum Sand and gravel
Petroleum
Of the following, which energy resource(s) can be extracted from marine sediments? Choose all that apply. Hints Petroleum Gas hydrates Halite Phosphorites Manganese nodules
Petroleum Gas hydrates
China currently supplies about 90% of which of the following resources? Gas hydrates Phosphorite Sand and gravel Manganese nodules and crusts Rare-earth elements
Rare-earth elements
Which of the following is the most advanced technology used to collect sediment samples from the deep ocean? Dredge Rotary corer Gravity corer Seiche disk Long line
Rotary corer
How does siliceous ooze accumulate on the seafloor if silica-based residues are dissolved slowly at all depths? Hints Silica tests sink slower than seawater can dissolve them. Low primary productivity in surface waters results in siliceous ooze accumulation. Silica-based residues do not accumulate on the seafloor. Silica tests accumulate faster than seawater can dissolve them.
Silica tests accumulate faster than seawater can dissolve them.
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Quartz sand Volcanic ash Siliceous ooze Rock fragments Clay
Siliceous ooze
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: An increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide due to the burning of coal will cause the calcite compensation depth to rise BECAUSE the oceans will get more acidic. The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid. The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid. The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect. The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct. Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Abyssal clays are commonly red-brown or buff in color BECAUSE they contain gypsum. The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid. The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid. The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect. The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct. Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
Collecting adequate samples from which of the following is the most difficult? Marine sediments on land The deep-ocean floor Continental shelf Estuaries and lagoons
The deep-ocean floor
What factor primarily determines the distribution of radiolarian ooze? Hints areas of upwelling areas of high salinity windy areas areas of low atmospheric pressure areas of warm surface water
areas of upwelling
Sediments derived from the remains of the hard parts of once-living organisms are called __________ sediments. Hints lithogenous biogenous volcanogenic cosmogenous hydrogenous
biogenous
What have oceanographers determined from analyzing sea floor cores? Hints how deep the ocean really is climate change and past extinctions how fast sediment is accumulating in the deep ocean There is an abundance of human-produced trash on the deep ocean floor. Highly-specialized marine life can exist at all depths in the ocean.
climate change and past extinctions
Calcite dissolves more readily in seawater that is ________ in temperature and ________ in pressure. colder; higher warmer; lower colder; lower warmer; higher
colder; higher
The deposition of coarse-grained lithogenous material in neritic environments along continental margins is an example of the ________ of biogenous sediment. destruction erosion ecology productivity dilution
dilution
Forams, which are composed of calcium carbonate, __________ above the CCD and __________ below the CCD. Hints do not dissolve; dissolve do not dissolve; do not dissolve dissolve; dissolve dissolve; do not dissolve
do not dissolve; dissolve
Diatomaceous earth, which is composed of silica, __________ above the CCD and __________ below the CCD. Hints dissolves; does not dissolve dissolves; dissolves does not dissolve; does not dissolve does not dissolve; dissolves
does not dissolve; does not dissolve
A very important way to increase the settling rate of fine particles in the open ocean is via: fecal pellets. wind. carbonate dissolution. deposit feeders. precipitation.
fecal pellets.
Which of the following contains calcium carbonate (CaCO3)? diatoms foraminiferans phosphorites glauconite radiolarians
foraminiferans
Siliceous ooze is particularly abundant on the seafloor at __________ and at __________. Hints mid latitudes; equatorial upwelling zones high latitudes; mid latitudes high latitudes; low latitudes high latitudes; equatorial upwelling zones
high latitudes; equatorial upwelling zones
Salt beds of the U.S. Gulf Coast are __________. Hints cosmogenous sediments hydrogenous sediments lithogenous sediments neritic sediments biogenous sediments
hydrogenous sediments
Sediments produced because of chemical reactions in seawater are called: volcanogenic. cosmogenous. lithogenous. hydrogenous. biogenous.
hydrogenous.
Sediments derived from pre-existing rocks on land are called: biogenous. cosmogenous. volcanogenic. hydrogenous. lithogenous.
lithogenous.
The most abundant mineral in lithogenous sediments is __________. Hints aragonite calcite quartz halite gypsum
quartz
Neritic sediments are most likely to be composed of __________. Hints sand, silt, and gravel basalt fragments and metallic sulfides halite, gypsum, and anhydrite red clay biogenic ooze
sand, silt, and gravel
Sediments with an extraterrestrial origin are called: volcanogenic. lithogenous. hydrogenous. cosmogenous. biogenous.
cosmogenous.
Why is this drilling process called rotary drilling? Hints Because the drill bit turns around in a circle. Because the ship spins around in a circle to power the drilling process. Because the constant pounding on the drill string causes a rotary motion. Because a high-powered rotary engine drives the drilling process.
Because the drill bit turns around in a circle.
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Biogenous sediment usually contains abundant calcite below the calcite compensation depth BECAUSE it readily dissolves above the calcite compensation depth. The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid. The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid. The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect. The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct. Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Coarse-grained lithogenous neritic deposits dominate continental margin areas BECAUSE they do not contain biogenous, hydrogenous, and cosmogenous particles. The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid. The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid. The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect. The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct. Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
What is calcareous ooze? a coarse-grained, deep-ocean sediment containing the skeletal remains of calcite-secreting microbes a coarse-grained, deep-ocean sediment containing the skeletal remains of ooze-secreting microbes a fine-grained, deep-ocean sediment containing the skeletal remains of ooze-secreting microbes a fine-grained, shallow-ocean sediment containing the skeletal remains of calcite-secreting microbes a fine-grained, deep ocean sediment containing the skeletal remains of calcite-secreting microbes
a fine-grained, deep ocean sediment containing the skeletal remains of calcite-secreting microbes
The most likely place to find abundant manganese nodules is on the: continental rise. crest of a mid-ocean ridge. continental shelf. abyssal plain far from a continent. All of the above locations contain manganese nodules.
abyssal plain far from a continent.
The main energy resources associated with marine sediments are petroleum and ________. wind power ethanol coal rare-earth elements gas hydrates
gas hydrates
In general, polar neritic sediment tends to have more ________. shell fragments than in temperate waters silt and sand than in tropical waters gravel than in tropical waters clay than in temperate waters coral debris than in tropical waters
gravel than in tropical waters
Shortly after the devastating 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake, the Chikyu drillship began an expedition to study which of the following? The mechanism that causes tsunamis The properties of the deep crust Earthquake-generated heat from friction Earth's climate change patterns The microbiology of the deep-ocean floor
Earthquake-generated heat from friction
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Marine sediments can't provide insight into today's climate changes BECAUSE they reveal a detailed history of Earth's past climate. The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid. The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid. The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect. The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct. Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
Calcium carbonate is most likely to dissolve in water with which characteristic? low oxygen concentration low salinity high carbon dioxide concentration low carbon dioxide concentration high oxygen concentration
low salinity
What is the calcite compensation depth, or CCD? the ocean depth below which calcite is stable and will deposit quickly the ocean depth above which calcite is unstable and will deposit quickly the ocean depth below which calcite is unstable and will dissolve quickly the ocean depth above which calcite is unstable and will dissolve quickly
the ocean depth below which calcite is unstable and will dissolve quickly
What factor primarily controls the distribution of calcareous ooze? Hints proximity to land water depth water temperature water salinity nutrient availability
water depth
Which of the following marine resources is used to make wallboard or sheet rock? Evaporative salts Phosphorite Sand and gravel Sediments rich in tin Manganese nodules
Evaporative salts
Which of the following statements about marine sediments is correct? They record the timing and severity of some global extinction events. They represent Earth history dating back for billions of years. They provide a discontinuous, disturbed record of Earth history. They are useful for determining the distribution of ancient dinosaurs. They contain plant fossils used to map the movement of the continents.
They record the timing and severity of some global extinction events.
Which sediment type dominates in the neritic environment? Hints cosmogenous sediments, such as space dust hydrogenous sediments, such as manganese nodules fine lithogenous sediment, such as clay biogenous sediment, such as diatom tests coarse lithogenous sediment, such as sand and small rocks
coarse lithogenous sediment, such as sand and small rocks
The two major types of microscopic, planktonic organisms that produce siliceous oozes are __________ and __________. Hints coccolithophores; foraminifers diatoms; radiolarians diatoms; coccolithophores radiolarians; coccolithophores diatoms; foraminifers
diatoms; radiolarians
