OCE1001 Ch.7

Which of the following statements is most accurate about tsunami hazards and the number of people at risk? A low tsunami hazard and a high number of people at risk are present along the coast of northern Australia. A low tsunami hazard and a high number of people at risk are present along the coast of the eastern United States. The greatest tsunami hazard and a low number of people at risk are present along the coast of southern Africa. A low tsunami hazard and a high number of people at risk are present along the coasts of islands located in the western Pacific Ocean. A significant tsunami hazard and a high number of people at risk are present along the coast of western South America.

A low tsunami hazard and a high number of people at risk are present along the coast of the eastern United States.

Which of the following statements about earthquakes and tsunami hazards is most accurate? A relatively high number of earthquakes and the greatest tsunami hazard occur along the eastern coast of South America. A relatively high number of earthquakes and a significant tsunami hazard occur along the coast of northern Australia. A relatively high number of earthquakes and a low tsunami hazard occur along the eastern coast of North America. A relatively high number of earthquakes and the greatest tsunami hazard occur along the western coast of South America. A relatively low number of earthquakes and the greatest tsunami hazard occur along the western rim of the Pacific Ocean.

A relatively high number of earthquakes and the greatest tsunami hazard occur along the western coast of South America.

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A. Agulhas Current B. Benguela Current C. California Current D. Canary Current E. West Australian Current

A. Agulhas Current

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A. California Current B. Canary Current C. Gulf Stream D. North Atlantic Current E. North Equatorial Current

A. California Current

The arrangement of water masses in the southern Atlantic Ocean from the surface to the bottom is: Antarctic Intermediate Water, Antarctic Bottom Water, North Atlantic Deep Water. North Atlantic Deep Water, Antarctic Bottom Water, Antarctic Intermediate Water. Antarctic Intermediate Water, North Atlantic Deep Water, Antarctic Bottom Water. Antarctic Bottom Water, Antarctic Intermediate Water, North Atlantic Deep Water. North Atlantic Deep Water, Antarctic Intermediate Water, Antarctic Bottom Water.

Antarctic Intermediate Water, North Atlantic Deep Water, Antarctic Bottom Water.

The following block diagram shows coastlines in the Northern Hemisphere that are influenced by coastal winds (not shown). Based on the flow of surface waters due to Ekman transport, identify the correct coastal wind direction in each diagram.

B: Wind blowing parallel to the coast and toward the bottom of the diagram A: Wind blowing parallel to the coast and toward the top of the diagram

Which body of water is shown with the highest percentage of coastal pollution? Atlantic Ocean Bay of Biscay Mediterranean Sea Black Sea Baltic Sea

Baltic Sea

Which of the following is a western boundary current? Peru Current Canary Current Benguela Current Brazil Current California Current

Brazil Current

Using this image of the waters adjacent to the East Coast of the United States, match the correct letter to each of the following.

C: Colder for warm water D: Warm core ring(s) A: Colder for cold water B: Cold core ring (s)

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A. thermohaline circulation B. density-driven circulation C. Antarctic Bottom Water D. Kuroshio Current E. North Atlantic Deep Water

D. Kuroshio Current

The image below is a block diagram showing the Pacific Ocean during an El Niño event. Correctly match the letters with the corresponding features.

E: Pacific Warm Pool B: Walker Circulation Cell (reversed direction) C: High atmospheric pressure D: Low atmospheric pressure A: Thermocline

Why does upwelling occur along the west coast of South America under normal conditions? Winds moving southward in the South Pacific drive ocean currents toward the south; deep water rises to replace water driven southward. Winds moving northward in the South Pacific drive ocean currents toward the north; deep water rises to replace water driven northward. Winds moving eastward in the South Pacific drive ocean currents toward the east; deep water rises to replace water driven eastward. Winds moving westward in the South Pacific drive ocean currents toward the west; deep water rises to replace water driven westward.

Winds moving westward in the South Pacific drive ocean currents toward the west; deep water rises to replace water driven westward.

Use the map of Pacific and Atlantic Ocean currents shown below to correctly identify the following ocean currents and gyres.

F: Canary Current I: Brazil Current B: Subtropical gyre E: California current C: Gulf Stream Current G: Peru Current D: Benguela Current A: Subpolar gyre H: Antarctic Circumpolar Component (West Wind Drift)

The diagram below shows a generalized cross-sectional view across the Atlantic Ocean. Correctly match the letters with the corresponding water masses and associated features.

F: North Atlantic Deep Water E: Antarctic Intermediate Water G: Upwelling C: Seasonally warm water A: Thermocline and pynocline D: Antarctic Bottom Water B: Warmest water

True or False: An eastern boundary current is generally narrow and swift.

False

True or False: Surface currents affect about 90% of the world's ocean water.

False

True or False: The Gulf Stream moves water away from the equator; the Benguela Current moves some of this same water back toward the equator.

False

True or False: Thermohaline circulation is wind-driven.

False

One of the world's most powerful currents, located off the east coast of the United States, is the __________. North Atlantic Current Gulf Stream Kuroshio Current North Equatorial Current Canary Current

Gulf Stream

The current in the northwestern part of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre that transports warm water toward the North Atlantic is called the __________.

Gulf Stream

Which of the following is not an eastern boundary current? California Current Canary Current Gulf Stream W. Australian Current Peru Current

Gulf Stream

The thermocline is _________________. a steep temperature gradient in the ocean that separates deeper warm water from colder upper water a steep temperature gradient in the ocean that separates deeper cold water from warmer upper water a steep gradient in the ocean that separates deeper saltier water from less salty upper water a steep gradient in the ocean that separates deeper less salty water from saltier upper water.

a steep temperature gradient in the ocean that separates deeper cold water from warmer upper water

Warm ocean currents ___. are warmer than 15 degrees Celsius generally flow from high latitudes towards the equator are warmer than the surrounding water generally flow along the west coasts of continents

are warmer than the surrounding water

When a meander from the Gulf Stream pinches off and isolates a body of water within the North Atlantic gyre, the body of water is called a: geostrophic circulation. Langmuir cell. cold core ring. cyclonic circulation. warm core ring.

cold core ring

California Current

cold current, northern hemisphere, temperate latitudes

West Wind Drift

cold current, polar latitudes, southern hemisphere

When a meander from the Gulf Stream pinches off into the warm water south of the current, the eddy is called a __________. geostrophic circulation cold-core eddy or ring warm-core eddy or ring cyclonic circulation Langmuir cell

cold-core eddy or ring

The coastlines with the greatest tsunami hazard are most commonly associated with what type of plate boundary? uncertain plate boundary divergent convergent transform faults There is no relationship between tsunami hazards and the type of plate boundary.

convergent

What is the Walker Circulation Cell? It is the path that air takes as it moves from high to low pressure, and back to high pressure, in the North Pacific under normal conditions. It is the path that air takes as it moves from high to low pressure, and back to high pressure, in the South Atlantic under normal conditions. It is the path that air takes as it moves from high to low pressure, and back to high pressure, in the South Atlantic under El Niño conditions. It is the path that air takes as it moves from high to low pressure, and back to high pressure, in the South Pacific under normal conditions. It is the path that air takes as it moves from high to low pressure, and back to high pressure, in the South Pacific under El Niño conditions.

It is the path that air takes as it moves from high to low pressure, and back to high pressure, in the South Pacific under normal conditions.

Identify the mismatched pair from the choices below. Agulhas Current, West Australia Current Kuroshio Current, California Current Canary Current, Gulf Stream Brazil Current, Benguela Current Labrador Current, Humboldt Current

Labrador Current, Humboldt Current

The Gulf Stream transports warm water into the __________. Gulf of Mexico Eastern Atlantic South Atlantic North Atlantic Caribbean Sea

North Atlantic

A deep and powerful southward subsurface current that flows under the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic is the __________.

North Atlantic Deep Water

Which of the following statements is true of surface ocean currents? Surface currents occur within and below the pycnocline. Surface currents concentrate warm water in the center of the gyre at mid latitudes. Surface currents transport warm water toward the equator. Surface currents form circular patterns in the major ocean basins called "gyres." Surface currents transport cold water toward the poles.

Surface currents form circular patterns in the major ocean basins called "gyres."

What would you expect weather to be like on the eastern coast of Australia if the western coast of South America were experiencing unusually warm, wet weather? The eastern coast of Australia would be experiencing unusually dry weather. The eastern coast of Australia would be experiencing unusually wet weather. The eastern coast of Australia would be experiencing unusually cool weather. The eastern coast of Australia would be experiencing unusually warm weather.

The eastern coast of Australia would be experiencing unusually dry weather.

True or False: A Doppler flow meter is a scientific instrument used to measure current flow rates.

True

True or False: Deep ocean water masses have characteristic temperatures and salinities.

True

True or False: In polar regions where surface waters mix into the deep ocean, deep water can become enriched in oxygen.

True

True or False: The circular movement of surface water currents driven by the major wind belts are called gyres.

True

True or False: The five subtropical gyres exhibit geostrophic flow, related to pressure gradients, friction, and the Coriolis effect.

True

True or False: The main current in Antarctic waters is the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, also called the West Wind Drift.

True

Which of the following is true of surface water circulation near Antarctica? The circulation of water around the Antarctic continent is driven by density differences. The surface ocean has no strong currents. Two circumpolar currents dominate it, one current that moves water to the east and one current that moves water to the west. It is dominated by water flow directly away from the polar region toward the north. A gyre is formed here.

Two circumpolar currents dominate it, one current that moves water to the east and one current that moves water to the west.

Surface waters are pushed away from land and replaced by nutrient-rich bottom water through:

Upwelling

The loss of heat from the ocean surface, resulting in a lowered temperature, causes ocean water to become __________.

denser

Thermohaline circulation is driven by: longitude. wind. density differences. the Coriolis effect. latitude.

density differences

Deep ocean currents are driven primarily by ________ and modified by ________.

density differences; differences in salinity and temperature

Equatorial currents that are part of the subtropical gyres flow ___. Equatorial counter currents between the gyres flow ___ . west to east; west to east east to west; east to west east to west; west to east west to east; east to west

east to west; west to east

Which direction do ocean currents in the South Pacific move under El Niño conditions? westward southward northward eastward

eastward

Ocean frontal systems that spin off from currents such as the Gulf Stream, akin to atmospheric storms, are known as __________. meanders geostrophic flow eddies

eddies

Surface ocean currents ___. transfer large amounts of heat from the high latitudes toward the equator form large rotating gyres in the major ocean basins are driven by winds are influenced by Coriolis effect

form large rotating gyres in the major ocean basins are driven by winds are influenced by Coriolis effect

Cool ocean currents ___. generally flow along the east coasts of continents are still warmer than the surrounding water are cooler than 15 degrees C generally flow from high latitudes towards the equator

generally flow from high latitudes towards the equator

Which type of current flow moves in a circular path around a subtropical convergence, reflecting Ekman transport, gravity, and the Coriolis effect? counter-current circulation thermohaline circulation geostrophic circulation density-driven circulation Langmuir circulation

geostrophic circulation

Geostrophic circulation within a gyre driven by: the wind and pressure. gravity and the Coriolis effect. density and the wind. salinity and gravity. temperature and pressure.

gravity and the Coriolis effect.

Deep-water circulation brings dense, cold, oxygen-rich water from the surface to the deep ocean because of: greater volcanic out-gassing at the ocean surface. decreases in pH with depth. increases in pH with depth. greater dissolution of oxygen in colder water than warmer water. greater rates of photosynthesis in deep water.

greater dissolution of oxygen in colder water than warmer water.

A large system of rotating ocean currents, usually driven by the major wind belts, is called a(n) __________.

gyre

What is the overall effect of the stronger than normal trade winds typical of La Niña conditions? swapping of the South Pacific high and low pressure zones from normal conditions flipping of the South Pacific ocean current direction from normal conditions lowering of the South Pacific ocean temperature from normal conditions raising of the South Pacific ocean temperature from normal conditions

lowering of the South Pacific ocean temperature from normal conditions

Fluctuations in the flow of the Gulf Stream current result in curving loops of water known as __________. eddies fronts meanders

meanders

upwelling

movement of water from the bottom to the top of the water column

Ekman transport

net water movement to the left or right of the direction of the wind

Gulf Stream

northern hemisphere, temperate latitudes, warm current

The subtropical gyres ___. are only important because the currents affect ships crossing them result from changes in water density (due to temperature and salt content) drive the trade winds play a large role in climate

play a large role in climate

Deep ocean currents ___. include deep water that rises in the North Atlantic and surface water that sinks in the Pacific and Indian Oceans result from changes in water density (due to temperature and salt content) are primarily driven by wind patterns

result from changes in water density (due to temperature and salt content)

Thermohaline circulation in the ocean is driven primarily by differences in __________ and __________ among water masses.

temperature; salinity

The El Niño Southern Oscillation can best be described as: the relationship between sea surface temperature and changing atmospheric pressure. tidal differences between coastal Peru and Darwin, Australia. wind speed and wind direction differences along the equator. variation in wind speed over the Pacific Ocean. relative changes between two different atmospheric pressure systems at high altitude.

the relationship between sea surface temperature and changing atmospheric pressure.

What is the Southern Oscillation? the swapping of high and low pressure zones in the South Pacific under normal conditions the swapping of high and low pressure zones in the South Pacific under El Niño conditions the swapping of high and low temperature zones in the South Pacific under normal conditions the swapping of high and low temperature zones in the South Pacific under El Niño conditions

the swapping of high and low pressure zones in the South Pacific under El Niño conditions

Deep ocean current movement is also known as __________.

thermohaline flow

Under which conditions are droughts and wildfires common in Australia? under La Niña conditions under normal conditions under El Niño conditions under Walker Circulation conditions

under El Niño conditions