OCE1001 Chapter 14

Strategies for staying afloat in pelagic environments include a swim bladder, increased body fat and increased body density. True False

False

The Odontoceti or toothed whales include the humpback, the gray, and the sperm whales. True False

False

The migratory routes of many commercially important baleen whales are poorly known. True False

False

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. walrus Order Carnivora Order Sirenia Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti Order Cetacea, Suborder Mysticeti

Order Carnivora

atch the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. gray whale Order Sirenia Order Cetacea, Suborder Mysticeti Order Carnivora Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti

Order Cetacea, Suborder Mysticeti

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. killer whale Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti Order Sirenia Order Cetacea, Suborder Mysticeti Order Carnivora

Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. sperm whale Order Sirenia Order Cetacea, Suborder Mysticeti Order Carnivora Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti

Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti

atch the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. bottlenose dolphin Order Carnivora Order Cetacea, Suborder Mysticeti Order Sirenia Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti

Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. goatfish forked caudal fin truncate caudal fin heterocercal caudal fin lunate caudal fin rounded caudal fin

forked caudal fin

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. herring rounded caudal fin truncate caudal fin lunate caudal fin forked caudal fin heterocercal caudal fin

forked caudal fin

Where do amphipods live? on kelp in the kelp forest in bottom mud in shallow, rocky tidepools within the water column only in surface waters

in bottom mud

Where do dolphins generate sounds for use in echolocation? in the blowhole in the melon in the nose in the mouth

in the blowhole

What are krill? a type of shellfish related to mussels small shrimp-like organisms a type of marine macro-algae a type of barnacle small fish

small shrimp-like organisms

All the following are baleen whales except : sperm whales. gray whales. blue whales. right whales. fin whales.

sperm whales.

What type of caudal fin is characteristic of fast-swimming fish that migrate long distances? lunate fins forked fins heterocercal fins rounded fins truncate fins

lunate fins

Identify the adaptation that allows deep-sea fishes to capture prey without exerting much energy. hinged jaws sensitive lateral lines counterillumination expandable bodies long, sharp teeth

sensitive lateral lines

Sharks have lunate caudal fins. True False

False

One adaptation for deep diving in marine mammals is an increase in heart rate during the dive. True False

False

How does sonar work? An infrared signal is bounced off the ocean floor. A gravitational signal is bounced off the ocean floor. A laser signal is bounced off the ocean floor. An electromagnetic signal is bounced off the ocean floor. A sound signal is bounced off the ocean floor.

A sound signal is bounced off the ocean floor.

Of the following statements about the characteristics of marine mammals, which is/are true? Marine mammals are warm-blooded. Marine mammals bear live young. Marine mammals have hair (or fur) during at least some stage of their development. Marine mammals need to come ashore to give birth. Marine mammals must surface to breathe air. Marine mammals evolved from land species.

All EXCEPT Marine mammals need to come ashore to give birth.

Of the following characteristics, which is/are true of marine mammals of order Sirenia? They have a paddle-like tail and rounded front flippers. They have sparse hairs that are concentrated around the mouth but cover their bodies. They live in shallow water and move slowly, which can often endanger them to being run over by boats. They are the only vegetarian marine mammals. Their ancestors were wolf-like creatures. Sirenians include manatees, which have nails on their front flippers.

All EXCEPT Their ancestors were wolf-like creatures.

Of the following groups of organisms, which is/are considered zooplankton? Jellyfish Radiolarians Copepods Krill Diatoms

All EXCEPT diatoms

the following adaptations, which is/are used by various pelagic organisms to keep them from sinking? swim bladders that use gas to regulate buoyancy intricate ornamental body projections fatty organs that effectively increase buoyancy soft, gelatinous bodies with little if any hard tissue expansion and contraction of the overall body size to regulate buoyancy

All EXCEPT expansion and contraction of the overall body size to regulate buoyancy

All the following are adaptations to staying above the ocean floor except : ability to float. production of low-density fats or oils. swim bladders. rigid gas containers. All the above are correct.

All the above are correct.

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Please identify the word and/or phrase that does NOT fit the pattern. Enter only the letter of the answer (caps, no period, and not the full entry) in the field below. A. copepods B. foraminiferans C. krill D. radiolarians E. squid.

E. squid.

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Please identify the word and/or phrase that does NOT fit the pattern. Enter only the letter of the answer (caps, no period, and not the full entry) in the field below. A. anal B. caudal C. dorsal D. pelvic E. ventral

E. ventral

How are echolocation and sonar different? Echolocation is used by dolphins, whereas sonar is used by whales and is a data collection tool developed by people. Sonar is used by dolphins and whales, whereas echolocation is a data collection tool developed by people. Sonar and echolocation are two words for the same process. Echolocation is used by dolphins and whales, whereas sonar is a data collection tool developed by people

Echolocation is used by dolphins and whales, whereas sonar is a data collection tool developed by people

A group of animals that "violates" the trophic pyramid by feeding on organisms two or three levels below it is the _________. polar bears pinnipeds Mysticeti or baleen whales Odontoceti or toothed whales sea otters

Mysticeti or baleen whales

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. fur seal Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti Order Sirenia Order Cetacea, Suborder Mysticeti Order Carnivora

Order Carnivora

Of the following statements about schooling, which is/are true? Schooling reduces the percentage of ocean volume in which a cruising predator might find one of their kind. Schooling allows fish to learn avoidance techniques from each other through observation and socialization. Schools can move and appear as one large and dangerous fish, thus preventing a predator from attacking. More than half of all fish species are known to join schools during at least a portion of their lives. Schools can gang up on larger predators and chase them away, thus avoiding an attack. Schooling provides conservation of body heat and allows fish to be warmer, thus using less energy to keep warm.

Schooling reduces the percentage of ocean volume in which a cruising predator might find one of their kind. Schools can move and appear as one large and dangerous fish, thus preventing a predator from attacking. More than half of all fish species are known to join schools during at least a portion of their lives.

Which of the following is not a member of the Order Carnivora? Polar bears Sea otters Sperm whales Seals Sea lions

Sperm whales

What does a dolphin's melon do? The melon focuses sound waves during emission. The melon makes sound waves during emission. The melon interprets sound waves during reception. The melon focuses sound waves during reception.

The melon focuses sound waves during emission.

How do gray whales collect and eat such small organisms? They use their baleen to filter prey items from their environment. They use cooperative behavior to corral them into a group and then swallow their prey items whole. They use their countershading to sneak up on their prey items. They emit high-pitched sounds that drive their prey items into tight masses. They use a technique called bubble-net feeding.

They use their baleen to filter prey items from their environment.

Krill, cnidarians, and arrow worms are macroscopic zooplankton. True False

True

Many cetaceans can extract almost 90% of the oxygen from each breath. True False

True

Photophores are cells found in bioluminescent organisms that may contain bioluminescent bacteria and the pigment luciferin. True False

True

Red muscle tissue is abundant in cruisers, while white muscle tissue is abundant in lungers. True False

True

We currently believe that all marine mammals evolved from land-dwelling mammals. True False

True

Which set of fins is used as stabilizers? anal and caudal anal and dorsal caudal and pelvic caudal and dorsal pectoral and pelvic

anal and dorsal

Which of the following is an example of commensalism? gobies that host "cleaning stations" to remove the parasites and dead skin from other fishes a photosynthetic alga embedded in the body of a coral polyp barnacles attached to the surface of a large migrating whale sea lice attached to the skin of juvenile salmon a male deep-sea anglerfish attached permanently to the larger female anglerfish

barnacles attached to the surface of a large migrating whale

Which fin(s) is/are most commonly used for moving fast? caudal pelvic anal and dorsal pectoral and anal caudal and dorsal

caudal

Microscopic, shrimplike animals that have a hard exoskeleton that can be either herbivorous, carnivorous, or parasitic are called: cnidarians. foraminifers. radiolarians. copepods. fishes.

copepods.

What does sonar data tell us about the seafloor? depth, shape, and composition depth and shape depth and temperature composition and depth depth, temperature, and composition

depth, shape, and composition

Because of the scarcity of food in the deep-sea environment, many organisms rely on _________ as their principal source of food. cephalopods zooplankton krill multicellular algae detritus

detritus

Sea lions are easily distinguished from seals because they: have a short neck. cannot rotate their front flippers backward. cannot rotate their front flippers forward. use their rear flippers for swimming. have external ears.

have external ears.

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. tiger shark truncate caudal fin forked caudal fin rounded caudal fin heterocercal caudal fin lunate caudal fin

heterocercal caudal fin

The caudal fin shape that is asymmetrical, with most of the mass in the upper lobe, is a: rounded fin. forked fin. heterocercal fin. truncate fin. lunate fin.

heterocercal fin.

Fossil evidence indicates that modern whales have evolved from ancestors similar to the _________. water buffalo hippopotamus plesiosaur sea lion horse

hippopotamus

This marine mammal: has posterior flippers than can be moved forward. has anterior flippers covered with hair that cannot be rotated backwards. is a tropical herbivore found in shallow coastal waters. has thick fur with hollow fur shafts for insulation. is a small mammal with dense fur and lack an insulating blubber layer.

is a small mammal with dense fur and lack an insulating blubber layer.

Cruisers are thought to have relatively high body temperature because: they only need to move periodically. it increases the power output of muscle tissue. it helps them blend more easily with their environment. it assists them in predator avoidance. they are cold blooded.

it increases the power output of muscle tissue.

The cultural tradition and government-ordered capture of pilot whales for food by Faroe Islanders in the North Atlantic is deemed __________. illegal by the International Whaling Commission legal whaling by objection legal aboriginal subsistence whaling legal scientific whaling a direct violation of the 1986 whaling moratorium

legal aboriginal subsistence whaling

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. blue marlin rounded caudal fin lunate caudal fin forked caudal fin heterocercal caudal fin truncate caudal fin

lunate caudal fin

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. bluefin tuna forked caudal fin rounded caudal fin truncate caudal fin heterocercal caudal fin lunate caudal fin

lunate caudal fin

The oxygen-storing compound in the red muscle tissue of fishes is called _________. luciferin myoglobin gamma globulin hemoglobin algin

myoglobin

The stinging cells used by cnidarians to capture prey are called _________. nematocysts photophores blastocysts chromatophores Macrocystis

nematocysts

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. flounder forked caudal fin truncate caudal fin heterocercal caudal fin lunate caudal fin rounded caudal fin

rounded caudal fin

Individual fishes within schools maintain their spacing through visual contact and _________. electrical impulses response to physical contact echolocation the lateral line system audible signals and sensitive hearing

the lateral line system

The most sophisticated use of sound by marine mammals is found in the _________. sea otters baleen whales seals and sea lions toothed whales manatees and dugongs

toothed whales

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. gray angelfish forked caudal fin heterocercal caudal fin lunate caudal fin rounded caudal fin truncate caudal fin

truncate caudal fin

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. salmon heterocercal caudal fin truncate caudal fin rounded caudal fin lunate caudal fin forked caudal fin

truncate caudal fin

An example of a "cruiser" is a: shark. tuna. mackerel. grouper. flounder.

tuna.

Bioluminescence is employed by deep-sea animals for all the following reasons except: attracting food. predator avoidance. counterillumination. communication. warning coloration.

warning coloration.

The muscle tissue of a "lunger" is predominantly: gray. red. white. pink. blue.

white.