Oceanography

Sediments with an extraterrestrial origin are called:

cosmogenous

hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of:

the polarity of water molecules

which of the fallowing best defines melting point?

the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid

which of the following powers tropical cyclones?

the vast amounts of latent heat as water evaporates and condenses

A rapid change in ocean temperature with a change in depth occurs in the:

thermocline

As a result of the Coriolis effect in the northern hemisphere, winds always are deflected:

to the right of their original direction

Low latitude wind belt(s) with strong, reliable, generally easterly winds is (are) the ________.

trade winds

the oceanic climate region(s) where the majority of strong tropical cyclonic storms are produced is ____________.

tropical

the Coriolis effect is due to changes in the_______of earth within latitude.

velocity

which of the following parcels of air would have the lowest density?

warm moist air

the air surrounding of the eye of the hurricane is _________ air moving______.

warm moist; upward

The atmospheric high-pressure cells over North America in the map suggest that the atmospheric patterns shown most likely represent which season for the northern hemisphere?

winter

Earth's axis of rotation is tilted at an angle of:

23.5°

Sea surface salinity is greatest at which of the following latitudes?

25°

the average salinity of typical seawater is:

3.5%

the major deserts of the world occur in which of the fallowing regions?

30 degrees

a boundary or belt characterized by winds generally from the west an brings storms that influence weather across the united states occurs in which of the following regions?

30° to 60°

a boundary or belt characterized by cold, dry winds generally from the east, occurs in which of the following regions?

60° to 90°

The apparent deflection of air masses to the right or left (depending on latitude) as they move from one latitude to another is called the:

Coriolis effect

which of the following will cause the highest air pressure at the surface?

a column of cool, dense air

which of the following will cause the lowest air pressure at the surface?

a column of warm, less dense air

Sediments that are poorly sorted were most likely deposited by:

a glacier

Winds blowing out of the north toward the south in the southern hemisphere will appear to:

be deflected toward the east

Sediments produced by plants and animals in the sea are called:

biogenous

Latent heat is the quantity of heat gained or lost as a substance undergoes a:

change in state

Calcite dissolves more readily in seawater that is ________ in temperature and ________ in pressure.

colder; higher

which of the fallowing occurs at the same temperature as the boiling point?

condensation point

Low-pressure regions in the northern hemisphere rotate:

counterclockwise

in the troposphere, air temperatures______.

decreased with increasing altitude

as the salinity of seawater increases, its:

density increases

The dissolution of the thick tests of foraminifers below the CCD is an example of the ________ of biogenous sediment.

destruction

which of the fallowing is a biogenous sediment?

diatom ooze

Idealized pressure belts and wind systems are significantly modified by Earth's tilted axis of rotation and:

differences in the heat capacities of the ocean and land

the deposition of coarse-grained lithogenous material in neuritic environments along continental margins is an example of the ______ of biogenous sediment.

dilution

which of the fallowing bests describes hydrogen bonding?

electrostatic attraction between charged areas of adjacent molecules

a boundary or belt characterized by light, variable winds, abundant cloudiness and much precipitation occurs of the following regions?

equatorial (0° to 5°)

the doldrums occur in which of the following regions?

equatorial (0° to 5°)

of all the fallowing processes which one increases the salinity of water?

evaporation

which of the fallowing contains calcium carbonate (CaCO3)?

foraminiferans

the intensity of solar radiation received at lower latitudes (near the equator) compared to higher latitudes (near the poles) is_____.

greater

A layer of rapidly changing salinity with depth is called a ________.

halocline

Which property of water causes coastal communities to have only moderate differences in daily highs and lows when compared to inland communities?

high heat capacity

When ice forms from seawater, the remaining seawater will have a:

higher salinity

In comparison to most other liquids, the heat capacity of liquid water is:

higher than other liquids

Sediments produced because of chemical reactions in seawater are called:

hydrogenous

the transfer of water between the atmosphere, the oceans, and the continents is known as the:

hydrological cycle

In coastal regions, sea breezes happen ________ and land breezes happen ________.

in the afternoon; at night

the salinity curve for low latitudes shows ______ salinity at the surface and ______ salinity at depth.

increased; decreased

the density curve for high latitudes shows ______ density at the surface and ______ density at depth.

increased; increased

the doldrums refer to the same region as the________.

inter-tropical convergence zone

Many of the unique properties of water are attributed to the fact that water:

is a polar molecule

the surface tension of water______.

is relatively high

a beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure liquid water at 0 deg. celsius. what happens to the temperature of the liquid water as heat is added?

it remains constant until the ice melts, and then it begins to rise

High-energy environments are most likely to deposit which one of the following?

large particles such as gravel

the strength of a hurricane stems from waters ________.

latent heat of condensation

Pelagic clays contain lots of material that settles to the seafloor through the water column and are:

less than 30% biogenous material

Sediment that begins as rocks on continents or islands is called:

lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment

Abyssal clay is an example of which of the following sediment types?

lithogenous sediment

glacial deposits are an example of which of the fallowing sediment types?

lithogenous sediment

terrigenous sediment is another name for which of the fallowing?

lithogenous sediment

turbidite deposits are an example of which of the fallowing sediment type?

lithogenous sediment

calcium carbonate is most likely to dissolve in water with which characteristic?

lots of carbon dioxide and colder temperatures

which of the following surface seawater salinity conditions would you predict for the following location: Lat- 60° N, Long- 20° W

low surface seawater salinity due to precipitation

what percentage of the rocks exposed on the continents originated as sedimentary rocks deposited in ancient ocean environments?

more than fifty percent

Sediments found on continental margins are called:

neritic

the type of marine sediment that forms the thickest deposits worldwide is:

neritic, lithogenous sediment deposits

the study of how the ocean, atmosphere, and land have interacted in the past to produce changes in ocean chemistry, circulation, biology, and climate is called:

paleoceanography

a person experiences a popping feeling in there ears during the takeoff or landing of an airplane or while driving on steep mountain roads due to changes in the:

pressure

the number of organisms present in the surface water above the ocean floor is called:

productivity

An area of the ocean where rapid change in ocean density occurs with a change in depth is the:

pycnocline

which of the fallowing contains silica(SiO2)?

radiolarians

Air warmed by the land that rises and is replaced by cooler air from the ocean may produce a:

sea breeze

the largest loss of life from a hurricane is usually due to______.

storm surge

which of the following is responsible for 90% of the deaths associated with hurricanes?

storm surge

which of the fallowing is a biogenous sediment?

stromatolites

the sun reaches its most northerly point in the sky, directly overhead along the Tropic of Cancer, during the______.

summer solstice

Ocean sediments consist of particles that have slowly settled out of the water by which of the following the processes?

suspension settling

the states of matter in which water exists is primarily determined by ________.

temperature

the two factors that are most important in determining the density of air are __________.

temperature and water vapor content

the term referring to the size and shape of sediment particles is:

texture

which of the fallowing best defines temperature?

the direct measure of the average kinetic energy of a substance's molecules

which of the fallowing defines latent heat?

the energy needed to break the intermolecular bonds that hold molecules in place

which of the fallowing best defines heat?

the energy transfer from one body to another due to a difference in temperature

which of the following statement about the movement of earths atmosphere is correct?

the movement of air within the atmospheric convection cells generates the wind belts