Oceanography- chapter 4

Which of the following conditions allows for calcareous ooze to exist beneath the CCD?Select only one answer.

A layer of clay buries the ooze before the sea floor subsides.

Which of the following are microscopic, single-celled floating algae that accumulate to form biogenoussediment? ​Choose all that apply.

Coccolithophores, diatoms

Which of the following statements correctly interpret the environmental conditions associated with types of biogenous deposits? ​Choose all that apply.

Diatomaceous ooze on the sea floor indicates cool surface water above. Foraminifer ooze on the sea floor means warm surface water above. Coccolith ooze on the sea floor indicates the water is shallower than 4000 meters.

Of the following, which energy resource(s) can be extracted from marine sediments? ​Choose all that apply.

Gas hydrates, Petroleum

Which of the following organisms are responsible for the creation of siliceous ooze?Choose all that apply.

Radiolarians, diatoms

Of the following types of lithogenous sediment, which one(s) would you expect to find very far from thelocation of origin? ​Choose all that apply.

Volcanic ash, Quartz silt

In which of the following environments would you expect lithogenous sediment to be the dominantsediment type? ​Choose all that apply.

a sandy beach, the abyssal plains, at the base of the continental slope

You take a sediment sample from the ocean floor at a depth of 5500 m. The area has low biologicalproductivity and the CCD is at 4500 m depth. Your sample will probably consist of

clay (The "default" sediment in areas of very low sediment input is abyssal red clay)

From smallest to largest, which list of sediment particle sizes is in the correct order?

clay, silt, sand,pebbles

You add sand, silt, and clay to a jar of water, shake the jar vigorously, and allow the sediment to settle.The resulting sediment will most closely resemble that of a(n)

continental rise (composed of turbidites and other lithogenous sediments. The largest grains settle fastest and the smaller grains form successive layers on top.)

Salt beds of the U.S. Gulf Coast are

hydrogenous sediments (Salt is halite, an evaporite mineral.)

Of the following sediments, which one(s) is/are considered hydrogenous? ​Choose all that apply.

manganese nodules, coatings of metal sulfides near black smokers

Marine sediments provide valuable clues about which of the following Earth history events? ​Choose allthat apply.

movement of the ocean floor. the ancient geographical locations of ocean basins. the climate on Earth millions of years ago. previous ocean circulation patterns. past catastrophes, such as major extinction events.

Marine sediment with more than 30% biogenous material is called

ooze (can be either siliceous or calcareous; the descriptive name usually includes the dominant component organism, e.g., foraminiferal ooze.)

The most abundant mineral in lithogenous sediments is

quartz (silicon dioxide, a very hard and chemically stable mineral under conditions at the surface of Earth.)

Sediment samples from deep beneath the ocean floor are recovered by

rotary drilling (recovers core samples that are too deep to reach by other mean)

Neritic sediments are most likely to be composed of

sand, silt, and gravel (Coarser lithogenous sediments tend to be deposited on the continental margins.)

Of the following sediments, which one(s) is/are considered biogenous? Choose all that apply.

tests of foraminifers, radiolarian ooze

Oozes are uncommon on continental margins because

the biogenous component tends to be overwhelmed by the amount of lithogenous material derived from the nearby continent (There is high biological productivity over most continental margins, but the influx of lithogenous material tends to keep the proportion of biogenous sediment below 30%.)

Sediments with all grains of about the same size are classified as

well sorted (If waves, current, or wind of a constant energy level transport sediment for a long time, large particles are left behind and small particles are carried away, producing sediment with a uniform grain size.)