Oceanography Chapters 4, 5, and 6
Which of the following is the correct order of formation of sea ice as it forms directly from seawater?
(START) slush; pancake ice; ice floes; sea ice (FINISH)
Worldwide, about ________ storms grow to named tropical cyclones status each year.
100
Earth's axis of rotation is tilted at an angle of ________.
23.5 degrees
A boundary or belt characterized by light, variable winds, dry, clear, fair weather with little precipitation occurs in which of the following regions?
30 degrees
The horse latitudes boundary occurs in which of the following regions?
30 degrees
The major deserts of the world occur in which of the following regions?
30 degrees
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Glaciers B) Turbidity currents C) Siliceous ooze D) Volcanic ash E) Rivers
C
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Radiolarians B) Diatoms C) Oolites D) Foraminiferans E) Coccolithophores
C
Manganese nodules are an example of ________. A) biogenous sediments B) cosmogenous sediments C) hydrogenous sediments D) volcagenic sediments E) terrigenous sediments
C
Sediment that begins as rocks on continents or islands is called ________. A) biogenous sediment B) hydrogenous sediment C) cosmogenous sediment D) lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment
D
Sediments produced because of chemical reactions in seawater are called ________. A) biogenous B) cosmogenous C) lithogenous D) hydrogenous E) volcanogenic
D
Sediments that are poorly sorted were most likely deposited by ________. A) a river delta B) the wind C) a volcanic eruption D) a glacier E) organisms
D
The type of marine sediment that forms the thickest deposits worldwide is________. A) pelagic biogenous calcareous deposits B) manganese nodule deposits C) neritic siliceous sediment deposits D) neritic, lithogenous sediment deposits E) abyssal clay deposits
D
High-energy environments are most likely to deposit which one of the following? A) Cosmogenous sediments B) Silt-sized particles C) Manganese nodules D) Clay-sized particles E) Large particles such as gravel
E
In general, polar neritic sediment tends to have more ________. A) shell fragments than in temperate waters B) coral debris than in tropical waters C) clay than in temperate waters D) silt and sand than in tropical waters E) gravel than in tropical waters
E
Which of the following will cause the lowest air pressure at the surface?
a column of warm, less dense air
Winds blowing out of the north toward the south in the southern hemisphere will appear to ________.
be deflected toward the east
A cold air mass moving into an area occupied by relatively warm air is called a/an ________.
cold front
Which of the following will cause the highest air pressure at the surface?
column of cool, dense air
The air in the center of the eye of the hurricane is ________ air moving ________.
cool dry; downward
The apparent deflection of air masses to the right or left (depending on latitude) as they move from one latitude to another is called the ________.
coriolis effect
Low-pressure regions in the northern hemisphere rotate ________.
counterclockwise
In the troposphere, air temperatures ________.
decrease with increasing altitude
Which of the following countries is the world leader (by percentage of its energy use) in wind power?
denmark
Idealized pressure belts and wind systems are significantly modified by Earth's tilted axis of rotation and ________.
differences in the heat capacities of the ocean and land
A boundary or belt characterized by light, variable winds, abundant cloudiness and much precipitation occurs of the following regions?
equatorial (0-5 degrees)
The Doldrums occur in which of the following regions?
equatorial (0-5 degrees)
The trade winds blow in which of the following directions in the Northern Hemisphere?
from the northeast to southwest
The intensity of solar radiation received at lower latitudes (near the equator) compared to higher latitudes (near the poles) is ________.
greater
When ice forms from seawater, the remaining seawater will have a ________.
higher salinity
In coastal regions, sea breezes happen ________ and land breezes happen ________.
in the afternoon; at night
The doldrums refer to the same region as the ________.
inter-tropical convergence zone
The strength of a hurricane stems from water's ________.
latent heat of condensation
The two factors that are most important in determining the density of air are ________.
temperature and water vapour content
Which of the following statements about the Coriolis effect is correct?
the magnitude of the coriolis effect depends on hoe long the object is in motion
Which of the following statements about the movement of Earth's atmosphere is correct?
the movement of air within the atmospheric convection cells generates the wind belts
Which of the following powers tropical cyclones?
the vast amounts of latent heat as water evaporates and condenses
A tropical cyclone with a wind speed of 190 km/hr. would be classified as Category ________ on the Saffir-Simpson Scale of hurricane intensity.
three
As a result of the Coriolis effect in the northern hemisphere, winds always are deflected ________.
to the right of their original direction
Low latitude wind belt(s) with strong, reliable, generally easterly winds is (are) the ________.
trade winds
The oceanic climate region(s) where the majority of strong tropical cyclonic storms are produced is ________.
tropical
The lowermost portion of the atmosphere where most weather occurs is called the ________.
troposphere
The average albedo of Earth's surface is about ________.
30%
A boundary or belt characterized by winds generally from the west and brings storms that influence weather across the United States occurs in which of the following regions?
30-60 degrees
Storms are most common in which of the following regions?
30-60 degrees
The prevailing westerlies occur in which of the following regions?
30-60 degrees
A boundary or belt characterized by strong, steady winds, generally from the east occurs in which of the following regions?
5-30 degrees
The trade winds occur in which of the following regions?
5-30 degrees
A boundary or belt characterized by variable winds and stormy, cloudy weather year round occurs in which of the following regions?
60 degrees
The polar front occurs in which of the following regions?
60 degrees
A boundary or belt characterized by cold, dry winds generally from the east, occurs in which of the following regions?
60-90 degrees
The polar easterlies occur in which of the following regions?
60-90 degrees
A very important way to increase the settling rate of fine particles in the open ocean is via ________. A) fecal pellets B) wind C) precipitation D) carbonate dissolution E) deposit feeders
A
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Calcareous B) Hydrogenous C) Lithogenous D) Biogenous E) Cosmogenous
A
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Tektites B) Halite and other salts C) Phosphates D) Manganese nodules E) Metal sulfides
A
Sediments with an extraterrestrial origin are called ________. A) cosmogenous B) volcanogenic C) hydrogenous D) biogenous E) lithogenous
A
Which of the following contains calcium carbonate (CaCO3)? A) Foraminiferans B) Diatoms C) Glauconite D) Phosphorites E) Radiolarians
A
Which of the following is a biogenous sediment? A) Diatom ooze B) Volcanic particles C) Glacial deposits D) Beach sand E) Clays
A
The particles found in some sediment that suggests that an extraterrestrial impact event are ________. A) silt B) tektites C) evaporites D) oozes E) clays
B
Calcium carbonate is most likely to dissolve in water with which characteristics? A) Low pressure and warmer temperatures B) Low pressure and colder temperatures C) Lots of carbon dioxide and colder temperatures D) Lots of carbon dioxide and warmer temperatures E) Low carbon dioxide and warmer temperatures
C
Sediments found on continental margins are called ________. A) estuarine B) oceanic C) neritic D) pelagic E) continental
C
The most likely place to find abundant manganese nodules is on the ________. A) continental rise B) crest of a mid-ocean ridge C) abyssal plain far from a continent D) continental shelf
C
Which of the following contains silica (SiO2)? A) Corals B) Coccolithophores C) Phosphorites D) Radiolarians E) Foraminiferans
D
Which of the following is a biogenous sediment? A) Halites B) Phosphates C) Manganese nodule D) Stromatolites E) Evaporites
D
Cosmogenous sediment consists of two main types of sediment ________. A) abyssal clays and evaporites B) biogenous oozes and evaporites C) biogenous oozes and macroscopic meteor debris D) microscopic spherules and abyssal clays E) microscopic spherules and macroscopic meteor debris
E
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Clay B) Rock fragments C) Quartz sand D) Volcanic ash E) Siliceous ooze
E
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Stromatolites B) Chalk C) Coccolithophores D) Limestone E) Diatoms
E
Pelagic clays contain lots of material that settles to the seafloor through the water column and are ________. A) less than 30% neritic material B) more than 30% neritic material C) more than 30% hydrogenous material D) more than 30% biogenous material E) less than 30% biogenous material
E
Phosphate-rich nodules form in ________. A) hydrothermal vent areas B) mid-ocean ridges C) continental shelf waters D) estuaries E) regions of upwelling
E
Sediments derived from preexisting rocks on land are called ________ A) hydrogenous B) biogenous C) cosmogenous D) volcanogenic E) lithogenous
E
Sediments produced by plants and animals in the sea are called ________. A) cosmogenous B) terrigenous C) volcanogenic D) hydrogenous E) biogenous
E
Earth's breeding ground for hurricanes occurs in which of the following regions?
equatorial (0-5 degrees)
A tropical cyclone with a wind speed of 260 km/hr. would be classified as Category ________ on the Saffir-Simpson Scale of hurricane intensity.
five
A tropical cyclone with a wind speed of 220 km/hr. would be classified as Category ________ on the Saffir-Simpson Scale of hurricane intensity.
four
The polar easterly winds blow in which of the following directions in the Northern Hemisphere?
from northeast to southwest
The prevailing westerly winds blow in which of the following directions in the Southern Hemisphere?
from northwest to southeast
The polar easterly winds blow in which of the following directions in the Southern Hemisphere?
from southeast to northwest
The trade winds blow in which of the following directions in the Southern Hemisphere?
from southeast to northwest
The prevailing westerly winds blow in which of the following directions in the Northern Hemisphere?
from southwest to northeast
The two most abundant components of dry air are ________.
nitrogen and oxygen
A tropical cyclone with a wind speed of 150 km/hr. would be classified as Category ________ on the Saffir-Simpson Scale of hurricane intensity.
one
Typically, the United States is influenced more by ________ air masses during the winter and more by ________ air masses during the summer.
polar; tropical
A boundary or belt characterized by cold deserts occurs in which of the following regions?
poles (90 degrees)
Polar high pressure occurs in which of the following regions?
poles (90 degrees)
A person experiences a popping feeling in their ears during the takeoff or landing of an airplane or while driving on steep mountain roads due to changes in the ________ of the atmosphere.
pressure
The strength of a hurricane is ranked from 1 to 5 on the ________.
saffir-simpson scale
Air warmed by the land that rises and is replaced by cooler air from the ocean may produce a ________.
sea breeze
The largest loss of life from a hurricane is usually due to ________.
storm surge
Which of the following is responsible for 90% of the deaths associated with hurricanes?
storm surge
The oceanic climate region that is characterized by sea ice coverage in the winter and open water (but cold) in the summer is ________.
subpolar
The Sun reaches its most northerly point in the sky, directly overhead along the Tropic of Cancer, during the ________.
summer solstice
A tropical cyclone with a wind speed of 170 km/hr. would be classified as Category ________ on the Saffir-Simpson Scale of hurricane intensity.
two
The Coriolis effect is due to changes in the ________ of Earth with latitude.
velocity
Which of the following is not one of the names associated with huge rotating masses of low pressure characterized by strong winds and torrential rain?
vortex
Which of the following parcels of air would have the lowest density?
warm moist air
The air surrounding of the eye of the hurricane is ________ air moving ________.
warm moist; upward
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Autumnal equinox B) Summer solstice C) Westerlies D) Vernal equinox E) Ecliptic
westerlies
The temperate regions are characterized by ________.
westerly winds
The majority of the world's tropical cyclones are formed in the waters north of the equator in the ________ Ocean.
western pacific
A tropical maritime air mass is likely to be ________.
wet and warm
