Oceanography Mastering 9

Oolites are less than ________ millimeters in size.

2

The sediments that are produced in areas of high primary productivity are indicated by the number(s):

2 and 3

Calcareous oozes are represented by the number(s):

4

Where can stromatolites be found?

Australia

From smallest to largest, which list of sediment particle sizes is in the correct order?

Clay, silt, sand, pebbles

Turbidite deposits are an example of which of the following sediment types?

Lithogenous deposits

The most abundant mineral in lithogenous sediments is __________.

Quartz // is silicon dioxide, a very hard and chemically stable mineral under conditions at the surface of Earth.

Sediment samples from deep beneath the ocean floor are recovered by __________.

Rotary drilling recovers core samples that are too deep to reach by other means.

Sediments that are poorly sorted were most likely deposited by:

a glacier

Marine sediments that originate in the warm tropical surface ocean would create deposits in the deep sea composed primarily of ___________.

calcium carbonate makes up the protective cell wall of microorganisms that sink and form calcareous oozes.

According to the Wentworth scale, what is the particle name for a sediment that is 64 to 256 millimeters in size?

cobble

All the following are examples of lithogenous sediment except :

diatom ooze

Which of the following marine resources is used to make wallboard or sheet rock?

evaporative salts

Which of the following contains calcium carbonate (CaCO3)?

foraminiferans

The main energy resources associated with marine sediments are petroleum and ________.

gas hydrates

In general, polar neritic sediment tends to have more ________.

gravel than in tropical waters

Which of the following is a hollow steel tube with a heavy weight on top that is to collect sediment samples?

gravity corer

Oolites are an example of which of the following sediment types?

hydrogenous sediment

Rocks that are composed primarily of calcium carbonate are called ________.

limestone

Volcanic ash is considered to be which type of marine sediment?

lithogenous

Shale is an example of which of the following sediment types?

lithogenous sediment

The ancient remains of which of the following, buried before they could decompose, are the source of today's petroleum deposits?

microscopic organisms

Sediments found on continental margins are called

neritic

A sediment sample dominated by microscopic lithogenous sediment grains would be classified as a ___________.

pelagic deposit / Microscopic lithogenous grains are abyssal clays. They are so small that they sink slowly and can travel long distances from shore, usually due to winds.

One of the most abundance, chemically stable, and durable minerals in the Earth's crust is ________.

quartz

Which of the following contains silica (SiO2)?

radiolarians

Ocean sediments consist of particles that have slowly settled out of the water by which of the following the processes?

suspension settling

Oozes are uncommon on continental margins because __________.

the biogenous component tends to be overwhelmed by the amount of lithogenous material derived from the nearby continent // There is high biological productivity over most continental margins, but the influx of lithogenous material tends to keep the proportion of biogenous sediment below 30%.

Sediments comprised of grains of roughly the same size are classified as __________.

well sorted

Which of the following organisms are responsible for the creation of siliceous ooze?

- Diatoms - Radiolarians

Marine sediments provide valuable clues about which of the following Earth history events?

- Previous ocean circulation patterns - Movement of the ocean floor - Past catastrophes, such as major extinction events - The climate on Earth millions of years ago - The ancient geographical locations of ocean basin

Of the following sediments, which one(s) is/are considered biogenous?

- Tests of foraminifera - Radiolarian ooze

Which of the following is the most dominant sediment in the deepest ocean basin - the North Pacific?

abyssal clay

Which type of marine sediments include siliceous and calcareous oozes?

biogenous

According to the Wentworth scale, what is the particle name for a sediment that is above 256 millimeters in size?

boulder

You take a sediment sample from the ocean floor at a depth of 5500 m. The area has low biological productivity and the CCD is at 4500 m depth. Your sample will probably consist of __________.

clay // The most common sediment in areas of very low sediment input is abyssal red clay.

Sediments with an extraterrestrial origin are called:

cosmogenous

Which type of marine sediments include space dust and meteors?

cosmogenous

Tektites and chondrites fall under which sediment classification?

cosmogenous // These sediments are from space. Tektites are small grains that are likely from impacts in space. Chondrites are a type of meteorite material.

Abyssal clay is sometimes referred to as ________.

red clay

All the following are examples of hydrogenous sediment except :

stromalites