Oceanography midterm
Today more than ______ seas, bays, and gulfs are recognized worldwide.
100
The mid-ocean ridge forms Earth's longest mountain chain, extending across approximately ______ miles of deep-ocean basin.
46,000
Relic sediments cover about _________ of the world's continental shelves.
70%
Which of the following is a characteristic of oceanic-continental convergent plate boundaries?
Andesitic volcanoes
Oceanic crust is predominantly composed of the igneous rock called
Basalt
Who of the following is thought to be the first viking to have seen what is now called Newfoundland?
Bjarni Herjólfsson
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below. The Coriolis force is a true force BECAUSE it accelerates a moving body or air and influences its speed.
Both the assertion and reason are incorrect.
Which of the following properties of pure water is different depending on the amount of water present?
Color
Where does the deep-ocean basin begin along a passive continental margin?
Continental slope
Examine the five words and or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority or words/phrases. Choose the option that does not fit the pattern.
Doldrums
Which of the following Vikings is credited with discovering Greenland?
Erik Throvaldson
Around 300 million years ago when the continents were assembled together, which landmass did not touch North America?
Europe
The United States launches its space missions from which state?
Florida
Which of the following features is related to transform faults along mid-ocean ridges?
Fracture zone
The polar easterly winds blow in which of the following directions in the Northern Hemisphere?
From northeast to southwest
The polar easterly winds blow in which of the following directions in the Southern Hemisphere?
From southeast to northwest
Which of the following surface seawater salinity conditions would you predict for the following location: Latitude: 30S Longitude: 80E
High surface seawater salinity due to evaporation
What type of bonding does water have?
Hydrogen
Which one of the following is not considered a true type of oceanic island?
Islands that are parts of continents (such as British Isles)
Which of the following is not a layered water mass based on density?
Lower water
Which type of sediment deposit has an average rate of deposition (per 1000 years) of 0.001 millimeter (0.00004 inch)?
Manganese nodule, pelagic deposit
Examine the five words and or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority or words/phrases. Choose the option that does not fit the pattern.
Mariana Trench
The ancient remains of which of the following, buried before they could decompose, are the source of today's petroleum deposits?
Microscopic organisms
At which latitude on the Earth is the speed of Earth's rotation the slowest?
North and South poles
On an annual basis which of the following fluxes between reservoirs of the hydrologic cycle is the largest?
Ocean to atmosphere
Deep-ocean trenches and volcanic arcs result from the collision of two plates at convergent plate boundaries and mostly occur along the margins of which of the following oceans?
Pacific Ocean
The first recorded circumnavigation of Africa was made by
Phoenicians
Polar high pressure occurs in which of the following regions?
Poles (90 degrees)
Which process has zero effect on salt in seawater?
Precipitation
Which of the following contains silica (SiO2)?
Radiolarians
Halite is used in the production of chemicals, which of the following is used for making soap products?
Sodium hydroxide
Which of the following continental margin features is illustrated in the image?
Submarine canyons
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria below. The next reversal of Earth's magnetic poles is thought to be overdue BECAUSE the last major reversal occurred 780,000 years ago.
The assertion and the reason are both correct and the reason is valid.
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below. Density decreases as temperature increases BECAUSE the molecules lose energy and slow down with increasing temperature.
The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria below. Andesitic volcanic eruptions are usually less explosive and destructive than basaltic eruptions BECAUSE andesite magma is more viscous than basalt magma and contains a higher gas content.
The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct
How did the moon form?
The moon formed due to the impact of a Mars sized body with the Earth.
In terms of temperature for high-latitude regions which layer is absent?
Thermocline
Sediments that are poorly sorted were most likely deposited by ___________.
a glacier
The Mariana Trench is an example of ________ plate boundary.
an oceanic-oceanic convergent
One of the reasons that free oxygen in our atmosphere is important to the development and maintenence of life on Earth is because oxygen
can form ozone and block some UV radiation
The study of the structure of the sea floor and how the sea floor has changed through time is an example of __________ oceanography.
geological
Manganese nodules are an example of ________.
hydrogenous sediments
The island of Honshu is an example of a volcanic island associated with volcanic activity at a(n)
island arc
Cosmogeneous sediment consists of two main types of sediment ___________.
microscopic spherules and macroscopic meteor debris
Chains of extinct volcanoes that are progressively older as one travels away from a hotspot are called
nemataths
Which of the following statements regarding pH is true?
pH relative acid-base ion balance in a solution.
Frederick Vine and Drummond Matthews determined that new ocean floor was being produced at ocean ridges by examining
the magnetic pattern of rocks on the sea floor
The oceanic climate region(s) where the majority of strong tropical cyclonic storms are produced is ___________.
tropical
Worldwide, scientists estimate that there are about 125,000 known seamounts, many of which originated at _________ centers.
volcanic
The energy source for hurricanes is ____________.
warm seawater
