Oceans - Test 2
Which of the following is the predominant process that forms the metallic minerals in and around black smokers?
Precipitation
The instrument that emits a high frequency sound beam to measure the depth of the ocean developed in the 1950s is the..
Precision-depth recorder
A person experiences a popping feeling in their ears during the takeoff or landing of an airplane or while driving on steep mountain roads due to changes in the ______ of the atmosphere
Pressure
Volcanic peaks on the deep-ocean floor with conical tops are called
Seamounts
Volcanic peaks that are below sea level but rise more than 1 km above the deep-ocean floor and have a pointy top like an upside-down ice cream cone are called
Seamounts
What does not fit the pattern: Abyssal hill, abyssal plain, table mount, seamount, submarine canyon
Submarine Canyon
Which of the following is the predominant process that forms the thick blanket of sediment on abyssal plains the deep-ocean floor?
Suspension settling
The two factors that are most important in determining the density of air are
Temperature and water vapour current
Which of the following statements about the Coriolis effect is correct?
The Magnitude of the Coriolis effect depends on how long the object is in motion
Which of the following will cause the lowest air pressure at the surface?
Column of warm, less dense air
What does not fit the pattern: Continent, ice shelf, sea ice, iceberg, ice floes
Continent
What does not fit the pattern: Global positioning system, Precision depth recorder, GLORIA, SeaBeam, Sea MARC
Global Positioning system
The intensity of solar radiation received at lower latitudes compared to higher latitudes is
Greater
The two most abundant components of dry air are
Nitrogen and oxygen
Volcanic features on the ocean floor that are less then 1000 meters tall are called
abyssal hills
Satellites use microwave beams to measure sea level to an accuracy of four
centimeters
A cold air mass moving into and area occupied by relative warm air is called a/an
cold front
In the troposphere, air temperatures
decrease with increasing altitude
Older lithosphere is destroyed in association with
deep-sea trenches
Idealized pressure belts and wind systems are significantly modified by Earth's tilted axis of rotation and
differences in the heat capacities of the ocean and land
Air warmed by the land that rises and is replaced by cooler air from the ocean may produce a
sea breeze
The oceanic climate region that is characterized by sea ice coverage in the winter and open water (but cold) in the summer is
subpolar
What does not fit the pattern: Shelf Break, Continental rise, Continental slope, Continental shelf, Abyssal hill
Abyssal Hill
What does not fit the pattern: Abyssal hill, seafloor spreading, oceanic ridge, rift valley, oceanic rise
Abyssal hill
What does not fit the pattern: Turbidite deposits, Deep sea fans, turbidity currents, Abyssal Plains, Graded bedding
Abyssal plains
What does not fit the pattern: Albedo, Oxygen, Troposphere, Water Vapour, Nitroegn
Albedo
Where are the deepest portions of the world's oceans found?
At convergent plate boundaries
Directly seaward of the continental shelf is a more steeply sloping region called the
Continental Slope
What does not fit the pattern: Continental floor basalt, Continental shelf, Abyssal plain , Continental rise, continental slope
Continental flood basalt
Passive Margins are usually produced over geologic tie by which of the following?
Continental rifting and continued sea floor spreading
The relief in which of the following regions is similar to that found in mountain ranges on the continents?
Continental slope
Where does the deep-ocean basin begin along a passive continental margin?
Continental slope
The apparent deflection of air masses to the right or left as they move form one latitude to another is called the
Coriolis effect
Low pressure regions in the northern hemisphere rotate
Counterclockwise
Which of the following is an example of a passive continental margin?
East Coast of the United States
The doldrums occur in which of the following regions?
Equatorial (0-5 degrees)
Submarine canyons were most likely formed by
Erosion by turbidity currents
Which of the following is the standard unit of ocean depth?
Fathom
What is the linear sea floor feature that is seismically inactive, occurs beyond offset mid ocean ridge segments, and the realize movement between two points on either side of the feature is in the same direction?
Fracture zone
Which of the following features is related to transform faults along mid-ocean ridges?
Fracture zone
The distinctive type of sedimentary layering that has largest particles on the bottom and smallest particles on the top, with intermediate sized particles i the middle, is called which of the following?
Graded bedding
A table mount is another name for a
Guyot
Volcanic peaks that are below sea level but rise more than 1 km above the deep ocean floor and have a flattened top are called
Guyots
When ice form from seawater the remains seawater will have a
Higher Salinity
The Big Island of Hawaii is an example of a volcanic island associated with volcanic activity at a
Hotspot
The two relatively flat areas on the hypsographic curve represent
Interior continental areas and abyssal plains on the ocean floor
The Island of Java is an example of a volcanic island associated with volcanic activity at a
Island arc
The island of Honshu is an example of a volcanic island associated with volcanic activity at a
Island arc
The strength of a hurricane stems from water's
Latent heat of condensation
Is the linear sea floor feature that has the following properties: A transform fault, a fracture zone or neither? It is seismically active, occurs between offset side ocean ridge segments and the relative movement between two points on either side of the feature is in the same direction.
Neither
Is the linear sea floor feature that has the following properties: A transform fault, a fracture zone or neither? It is seismically inactive, occurs between offset side ocean ridge segments and the relative movement between two points on either side of the feature is in the same direction.
Neither
Segments of the oceanic ridge system that are gentler and less rugged in slope due to faster rates of seafloor spreading are called
Oceanic rises
Deep ocean trenches and volcanic arcs result from the collision of two plates at convergent plate boundaries and mostly occur along the margins of which of the following oceans?
Pacific Ocean
Tamu Massif, the largest single volcano on Earth occurs in which of the following oceans?
Pacific ocean
With respect to mid-ocean ridges, transform faults are
Perpendicular to the ridge axis
What does not fit the pattern: Continental margin, Rift valley, Active Margin, Transform active margin, Convergent active Margin
Rift valley
The strength of a hurricane is ranked from 1 to 5 on the
Saffir-Simpson Scale
What does not fit the pattern: Minimal central pressure, Storm diameter, Sea surface salinity, Maximum sustained winds, storm surge
Sea Surface salinity
Volcanic feature on the ocean floor that are less than 1000 meters tall are called
Seaknolls
Oceanographers who want to know about ocean structure beneath the sea floor use which of the following techniques?
Seismic Reflection
The correct order of seafloor features from the coast to the mid-ocean ridge is
Shelf, Slope, Rise, Abyssal plain
The method that is used most frequently to investigate sediment and rock layers of the sea floor is
Sound waves
The first recorded attempt to measure the ocean's depth was conducted using which of the following techniques?
Sounding
The largest loss of life from a hurricane is usually due to
Storm surge
Underwater avalanches of muddy water mixed with rocks and debris are
Turbidity currents
Which of the following best describes turbidity currents?
Underwater avalanches of muddy water mixed with rocks and other debris
The Coriolis effect is due to changes in the ____ of earth with latitude
Velocity
Seamounts and abyssal hills are _______ in origin.
Volcanic
Which of the following parcels of air would have the lowest density
Warm moist air
What does not fit the pattern: Westerlies, Summer solstice, Ecliptic, Autumnal equinox, Vernal equinox
Westerlies
The temperature regions are characterized by
Westerly winds
The Average slope of the continental shelf is approximately
a tenth of a degree
Extending from the base of the continental rises into the deep-ocean basins are flat deposits surfaces called
abyssal plains
Winds blowing out of the north toward the south in the southern hemisphere will appear to
be deflected toward the east
oceanic ridges and rises result from seafloor spreading along
divergent plate boundaries
The direction of motion along a seafloor transform fault is
in the same direction as the plates are spreading
The doldrums refer to the same region as the
inter-tropical convergence zone
Ascension Island is an example of a volcanic island associated with volcanic activity at a
mid ocean ridge
Along the margins of the Pacific are found most of Earth's
ocean trenches
New lithosphere is produced in association with
oceanic ridges
Low latitude wind belt with strong, reliable, generally easterly winds is the
trade
Worldwide, scientists estimate that there are about 125000 known seamounts, many of which originated at ______ centres
volcanic
A tropical maritime air mass is likely to be
wet and warm
Warm-water (From 30 to 350) hydrothermal vents form
white smokers
What does not fit the pattern: Island arc, passive margin, volcanic arc, continual arc, ocean trench
passive margin
All true oceanic islands are _____ in origin
volcanic
Earth's axis of rotation is tilted at an angle of
23.5
The average albedo of earth's surface is about
30
The trade winds occur in which of the following regions?
5 to 30 degrees
What percent of Earth's volcanic activity, each year, takes place on the seafloor?
85%
How many volcanic peaks are known to exist on the Pacific sea floor?
> 20 000
Which of the following will cause cause the highest air pressure at the surface?
A column of cool, dense air
the average slope of the continental shelf is similar to the slope of which of the following?
A large parking lot
Characteristics of passive continental margins include which of the following?
Broad Continental Shelves
What does not fit the pattern: Black smoker, White smoker, rift valley, hydrothermal vent, deep focus earthquake
Deep focus earth quake
Active continental margins are characterized by which of the following?
Deep sea trenches
What does not fit the pattern: Northeast trade winds, southeast trade winds, Doldrums, Westerlies, Polar easterlies
Doldrums
Which of the following statement about the movement of Earth's atmosphere is correct?
The movement of air within the atmosphere convection cells generates the wind belts
Which part of Earth's cumulative hypsographic curve includes the mid-ocean ridges?
The shallowed slope below sea level
Which part of Earth's cumulative hypsographic curve includes the continental shelves of passive margins?
The shallowest slope below sea level
Satellites are used to map the ocean floor because
The shape of the ocean surface reflects large features of the seafloor
Which part of Earth's cumulative hypsographic curve includes linear scars in the ocean floor, caused by the collision of two plates along the convergent plate margins?
The steep deepest part below sea level
As a result of the Coriolis effect in the northern hemisphere, winds always are deflected
To the right of their original direction
What is the linear sea floor feature that is seismically active, occurs between offset mid ocean ridge segments and the relative movement between two points on either side of the feature is in the opposite direction
Transform fault
What does not fit the pattern: Pillow basalts, Metal sulphide deposits, trenches, seamounts, rift valley
Trenches
The oceanic climate regions where the majority of strong tropical cyclonic storms are produced is
Tropical
The lowermost portion of the atmosphere where most weather occurs is called the
Troposphere
The sun reaches its most northerly point in the sky, directly overhead along the Tropic of Cancer during the
summer solstice
Relatively few abyssal plains are located in the Pacific Ocean due to
the presence of convergent active margins
