Oceans TEST 2 NEW
The average salinity of sea water is:
3.5%
15) Sediments with an extraterrestrial origin are called ________. A) cosmogenous B) volcanogenic C) hydrogenous D) biogenous E) lithogenous
A
21) A very important way to increase the settling rate of fine particles in the open ocean is via ________. A) fecal pellets B) wind C) precipitation D) carbonate dissolution E) deposit feeders
A
23) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Calcareous B) Hydrogenous C) Lithogenous D) Biogenous E) Cosmogenous
A
28) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Tektites B) Halite and other salts C) Phosphates D) Manganese nodules E) Metal sulfides
A
35) The White Cliffs of Dover are an example of which of the following sediment types? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment E) Terrigenous Sediment
A
36) Siliceous ooze is an example of which of the following sediment types? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment E) Terrigenous Sediment
A
37) Calcareous ooze is an example of which of the following sediment types? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment E) Terrigenous Sediment
A
38) Stromatolites are an example of which of the following sediment types? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment E) Terrigenous Sediment
A
39) Fossiliferous limestone is an example of which of the following sediment types? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment E) Terrigenous Sediment
A
4) Which of the following is a biogenous sediment? A) Diatom ooze B) Volcanic particles C) Glacial deposits D) Beach sand E) Clays
A
61) Ocean sediments consist of particles that have slowly settled out of the water by which of the following the processes? A) Suspension settling B) Grain lithification C) Porosity reduction D) Sediment compaction E) Paleooceanography
A
64) The term referring to the size and shape of sediment particles is ________. A) texture B) angularity C) composition D) provenance E) fabric
A
7) Which of the following contains calcium carbonate (CaCO3)? A) Foraminiferans B) Diatoms C) Glauconite D) Phosphorites E) Radiolarians
A
ITCZ
Area where air rises close to the equator
17) The particles found in some sediment that suggests that an extraterrestrial impact event are ________. A) silt B) tektites C) evaporites D) oozes E) clays
B
47) Micrometeorites are an example of which of the following sediment types? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment E) Terrigenous Sediment
B
48) Chondrites are an example of which of the following sediment types? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment E) Terrigenous Sediment
B
49) Tektites are an example of which of the following sediment types? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment E) Terrigenous Sediment
B
62) Which of the following statements about marine sediments is correct? A) They contain plant fossils used to map the movement of the continents. B) They record the timing and severity of some global extinction events. C) They provide a discontinuous, disturbed record of Earth history. D) They are useful for determining the distribution of ancient dinosaurs. E) They represent Earth history dating back for billions of years.
B
63) What percentage of the rocks exposed on the continents originated as sedimentary rocks deposited in ancient ocean environments? A) Thirty to forty percent B) More than fifty percent C) Twenty to thirty percent D) Less than twenty percent E) Forty to fifty percent
B
12) Manganese nodules are an example of ________. A) biogenous sediments B) cosmogenous sediments C) hydrogenous sediments D) volcagenic sediments E) terrigenous sediments
C
13) The most likely place to find abundant manganese nodules is on the ________. A) continental rise B) crest of a mid-ocean ridge C) abyssal plain far from a continent D) continental shelf
C
18) Sediments found on continental margins are called ________. A) estuarine B) oceanic C) neritic D) pelagic E) continental
C
25) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Glaciers B) Turbidity currents C) Siliceous ooze D) Volcanic ash E) Rivers
C
26) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Radiolarians B) Diatoms C) Oolites D) Foraminiferans E) Coccolithophores
C
42) The dissolution of the thick tests of foraminifers below the CCD is an example of the ________ of biogenous sediment. A) productivity B) erosion C) destruction D) dilution E) ecology
C
44) Oolites are an example of which of the following sediment types? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment E) Terrigenous Sediment
C
45) Rock salt (halite) is an example of which of the following sediment types? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment E) Terrigenous Sediment
C
46) Marine phosphate is an example of which of the following sediment types? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment E) Terrigenous Sediment
C
65) Collecting adequate samples from which of the following is the most difficult? A) Marine sediments on land B) Estuaries and lagoons C) The deep-ocean floor D) Continental shelf
C
9) Calcium carbonate is most likely to dissolve in water with which characteristics? A) Low pressure and warmer temperatures B) Low pressure and colder temperatures C) Lots of carbon dioxide and colder temperatures D) Lots of carbon dioxide and warmer temperatures E) Low carbon dioxide and warmer temperatures
C
1) Sediment that begins as rocks on continents or islands is called ________. A) biogenous sediment B) hydrogenous sediment C) cosmogenous sediment D) lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment
D
10) Sediments produced because of chemical reactions in seawater are called ________. A) biogenous B) cosmogenous C) lithogenous D) hydrogenous E) volcanogenic
D
11) Which of the following is a biogenous sediment? A) Halites B) Phosphates C) Manganese nodule D) Stromatolites E) Evaporites
D
22)The type of marine sediment that forms the thickest deposits worldwide is________. A) pelagic biogenous calcareous deposits B) manganese nodule deposits C) neritic siliceous sediment deposits D) neritic, lithogenous sediment deposits E) abyssal clay deposits
D
29) Sandstone is an example of which of the following sediment types? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment
D
3) Sediments that are poorly sorted were most likely deposited by ________. A) a river delta B) the wind C) a volcanic eruption D) a glacier E) organisms
D
30) Terrigenous sediment is another name for which of the following? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment
D
31) Shale is an example of which of the following sediment types? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment
D
32) Turbidite deposits are an example of which of the following sediment types? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment
D
33) Abyssal clay is an example of which of the following sediment types? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment
D
34) Glacial deposits are an example of which of the following sediment types? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment
D
40) Calcite dissolves more readily in seawater that is ________ in temperature and ________ in pressure. A) warmer; higher B) colder; lower C) warmer; lower D) colder; higher
D
41) The number of organisms present in the surface water above the ocean floor is called ________. A) dilution B) erosion C) ecology D) productivity E) destruction
D
8) Which of the following contains silica (SiO2)? A) Corals B) Coccolithophores C) Phosphorites D) Radiolarians E) Foraminiferans
D
14) Phosphate-rich nodules form in ________. A) hydrothermal vent areas B) mid-ocean ridges C) continental shelf waters D) estuaries E) regions of upwelling
E
16) Cosmogenous sediment consists of two main types of sediment ________. A) abyssal clays and evaporites B) biogenous oozes and evaporites C) biogenous oozes and macroscopic meteor debris D) microscopic spherules and abyssal clays E) microscopic spherules and macroscopic meteor debris
E
19) In general, polar neritic sediment tends to have more ________. A) shell fragments than in temperate waters B) coral debris than in tropical waters C) clay than in temperate waters D) silt and sand than in tropical waters E) gravel than in tropical waters
E
2) High-energy environments are most likely to deposit which one of the following? A) Cosmogenous sediments B) Silt-sized particles C) Manganese nodules D) Clay-sized particles E) Large particles such as gravel
E
20) Pelagic clays contain lots of material that settles to the seafloor through the water column and are ________. A) less than 30% neritic material B) more than 30% neritic material C) more than 30% hydrogenous material D) more than 30% biogenous material E) less than 30% biogenous material
E
24) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Clay B) Rock fragments C) Quartz sand D) Volcanic ash E) Siliceous ooze
E
27) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Stromatolites B) Chalk C) Coccolithophores D) Limestone E) Diatoms
E
43) The deposition of coarse-grained lithogenous material in neritic environments along continental margins is an example of the ________ of biogenous sediment. A) productivity B) ecology C) erosion D) destruction E) dilution
E
5) Sediments derived from preexisting rocks on land are called ________ A) hydrogenous B) biogenous C) cosmogenous D) volcanogenic E) lithogenous
E
6) Sediments produced by plants and animals in the sea are called ________. A) cosmogenous B) terrigenous C) volcanogenic D) hydrogenous E) biogenous
E
66) Which of the following was used during early exploration of the oceans to collect sediment samples? A) Long line B) Rotary corer C) Gravity corer D) Seiche disk E) Dredge
E
The ion in sea water that is serves as a buffer is:
HCO3-.
A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure water at 0oC. What happens to the temperature of the mixture as heat is added?
It remains constant until the ice melts then it begins to rise.
Trade Winds
Prevailing Wind Pattern at Tropical Latitudes
The following statements regarding pH are true
a. A pH of 3.0 is acidic and a pH of 10.0 is alkaline. c. Buffers prevent large changes in the pH of a solution. d. pH will increase in areas of rapid plant or algal growth. e. pH relates to relative acid-base ion balance in a solution.
The amount of energy that is necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree C is called the:
calorie
Some insects can glide across the surface of water due to water's:
capillarity
Latent heat is used to:
change the temperature of a substance.
change in phase from gas to liquid
condensation
precipitation
decrease seawater salinity
river input
decrease seawater salinity
change in phase from liquid to gas
evaporation
Any solution with a pH of greater than 7.0 is acidic.
false
Latent heat of vaporization is the same as latent heat of sublimation
false
Salinity refers to all of the solid materials in seawater including dissolved and suspended substances
false
The alkalinity of a solution is a measure of its tendency to release hydroxide ions when dissolved.
false
Water can pile up higher than the edge of a container due to its low surface tension
false
rapid change in salinity with slight change in depth
halocline
Which property of water causes coastal communities to have only moderate differences in daily highs and lows when compared to inland communities?
high heat capacity
Water can pile up short distance above a container's rim due to:
high surface tension.
In comparison to most other liquids, the heat capacity of water is:
higher than other liquids.
The transfer of water from the atmosphere to the oceans to the continents is known as the:
hydrologic cycle.
low latitude
increase seawater salinity
sea ice formation
increase seawater salinity
The surface tension of water is
increases as density decreases
Many of the unique properties of water are attributed to the fact that water:
is a polar molecule.
Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of:
polarity of water molecules.
rapid change in density with slight change in depth
pycnocline
A rapid change in ocean density with change in depth is the:
pycnocline.
Covalent bonds form between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule as a result of the:
sharing of electrons between atoms.
change in phase from solid to gas
sublimination
The phase in which water exists water is determined by:
temperature and pressure.
The Principle of Constant Proportions states that:
the relative concentration of seawater ions does not change.
When water evaporates from the ocean surface:
the remaining water is cooled.
A rapid change in ocean temperature with change in depth is the:
thermocline.
As a whole, the ph of the ocean is slightly alkaline.
true
Evaporation causes cooling in the residual liquid
true
Heat capacity of liquid water is 1 calorie per gram per degree C.
true
Sodium and chloride are the most abundant ions in seawater
true
The density of seawater is affected by salinity and temperature.
true
The latent heat of vaporization of water is larger than the latent heat of melting
true
Water is a polar molecule
true
Water molecules exhibit strong cohesion
true
pH will tend to rise in areas of the ocean with high primary productivity.
true
