OCN Mo. 1

__ were the dominant navigators in the Mediterranean Sea in the Middle Ages.

Arabs

Consider an interdisciplinary study that is aimed at understanding how ocean currents affect the distribution of coral larvae. What two disciplines of oceanography would the researchers be focused on?

Biological and physical oceanography

__ was an English navigator who determined the outline of the Pacific Ocean and was the first person known to cross the Antarctic Circle.

Captain James Cook

__ was an Italian navigator who made a total of four trips across the Atlantic. He was erroneously credited with discovering North America.

Christopher Columbus

How did the view of the ocean by early Mediterranean cultures influence the naming of planet Earth?

Mediterranean cultures believed Earth was composed of large land masses surrounded by marginal bodies of water.

__ used the polar North Star to determine latitude (distance from the equator)

Greeks

What are the major steps involved in the process of science?

Observation, hypothesis, testing, and theory

were the first humans from the Western Hemisphere to develop the art of navigation.

Phoenicians

What is the difference between an ocean and a sea?

Seas are smaller and shallower bodies of salt water that are somewhat enclosed by land, but they are directly connected to the world ocean.

How deep is the Mariana Trench (the deepest part of the ocean) compared to Mount Everest (the tallest mountain on Earth)?

The Mariana Trench is thousands of meters deeper than Mount Everest is tall.

How do the physical properties of the asthenosphere differ from the lithosphere?

The athenosphere is plastic or malleable and capable of slow flow. The lithosphere is a brittle and rigid solid region comprised mosly of basalt and granite.

How are the materials that make up Earth's interior stratified in relation to their densities?

The highest-density materials are concentrated at Earth's core, whereas lower-density materials are located closer to Earth's surface.

__ possessed excellent ships and good navigation skills to actively explore the Atlantic Ocean in the late 10th century.

Vikings

In science, which one of the following would be considered an observation? Select only one answer.

Waves approach the beach at an angle.

What is the basis for relative positions of Earth's physical layers?

material density, with the least-dense material on the surface and the most-dense material in the center