OLDTS3323 OT II Final

Ezekiel's vision of the dry bones depict the restoration of

Israel

The book of Lamentations closes with a question of whether God has become so angry with Israel that he will no longer deliver them. What book in the Hebrew Bible follows Lamentations and provides an answer to the question.

Esther​

What event does Jeremiah compare to the promise of return to the land?

Exodus​

Daniel is included among the Prophets within the Hebrew Bible.

False

In the Hebrew Bible, Daniel is included as the last of the Major Prophets.

False

The book of Daniel is the only book in the Old Testament written in both Hebrew and Aramaic.

False

The day of the LORD is a day that God will judge the nations, but never Israel. ​

False

The four-kingdom vision of Daniel can only be understood in relation to specific historical referents.

False

The prophet Ezekiel lived after the exile, while the Temple was beginning to be rebuilt.

False

The structure of Lamentations is difficult to discern and quite irregular.

False

"According to the names of the kings in the superscription, the ministry of Isaiah was quite short, lasting only about a decade."

False (60 years)

According to Lamentations, Israel did not deserve the severe judgment of exile and destruction.

False​

What two jobs of the prophets express their role in interpreting the past, explaining the present, and predicting the future?

Forthtelling Foretelling

Isaiah (Hess)

Isaiah presents the grand theme of God's plan for his people and for the world. The included themes are God as Creator, God as Judge for sin, God as Redeemer, and God as bringing history to its final conclusion.

Which nations threaten Judah during Isaiah's lifetime?

Israel, Syria/Aram, Assyria

Jeremiah (Hess)

Jeremiah addresses a people of God who feel that they have their theology all in proper order. The people feel secure that God will protect them as he did for their ancestors. Jeremiah is called to warn that lack of faith on the part of the people and the king will lead to Jerusalem not being delivered. Jeremiah counsels the people to repent to God and surrender for mercy to King Nebuchadnezzar. Their refusal leads to destruction. Jeremiah makes clear the new covenant will depend on God writing the covenant on the human heart so that people of God will turn to God and accept the new covenant. God is able to overturn the power of all nations and use his own power to bring both Israel and others of this world to follow him alone.

Complete the phrase to describe best the structure of the book of Jeremiah:

Jeremiah is a book of books.​

According to tradition (and LXX), who is the author of Lamentations? ​

Jeremiah​

Daniel refers to which other prophet's specific prophecy regarding the time period of Israel's destruction?

Jeremiah​

The following passage belongs to the book of Ezekiel: "But I will make you as unyielding and hardened as they are. I will make your forehead like the hardest stone, harder than flint. Do not be afraid of them or terrified by them, though they are a rebellious people."

True (3:8-9)​

According to the book of Jeremiah, Jeremiah is a priest.

True​

Jeremiah shares its final chapter with the book of Kings.

True​

Jeremiah 1:10 ("See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.") reflects many of the themes throughout the book of Jeremiah.

True​ (commission, authority, repetition, fulfillment)

According to the superscript, Isaiah prophesies during the reign of which of the following kings?

Uzziah, Ahaz, Jotham, Hezekiah​​

During Jeremiah's prophecy which of the following does he attack?

Temple, Scribes, prophets, People, King​

The book of Ezekiel consists of oracles and narratives.

True

The book of Lamentations reflects on the conditions of exile.

True

The prophet Micah's point of view reflects the lower class rather than the royal court.

True

The prophets in the English Bible consist of Major and Minor Prophets.

True

According to Ezekiel, the soul that ________ the law is the soul that dies.

sins/disobeys/transgresses/breaks

The book of Ezekiel closes with a vision of a new

temple/sanctuary. (Ezekiel 40-48)​

Which prophet encourages the people to be just by believing in the LORD even while he sees a foreign nation approaching?

Habakkuk​

Which prophet's book addresses almost exclusively the destruction of Nineveh?

Nahum

What is the meaning of the phrase "vaticinium ex eventu"? ​

Prophecy after the fact​

Discuss the authorship of Isaiah. Be sure to include the major positions(single, dual, triple authorship), evidence claimed by adherents, responses by others, and the importance of the issue.

(First, Second, Third Isaiah)​ ​ Why multiple authors?​ (setting, language, theme, nature of prophecy) 1. Once you get to Isaiah ch. 40, the setting is no longer pre-exilic, but exilic - comfort my people. Then, Isaiah is dead. ​ ​ 2. Languages between 1 and 2 Isaiah are different. Servant is not seen very much in First Isaiah, but Second Isaiah. There is an emphasis on Kingdom in First Isaiah which goes away in Second Isaiah. ​ ​ 3. Isaiah 2: Jerusalm is lifted up - Mt. Zion growing taller, but the other part of Isaiah focuses on the new Jerusalm, earth and heavens - not growing but re-done.​ ​ 4. Nature of Prophecy: If Isaiah ch. 40 was written by 8th centuary prophet living in Judah in the days of Ahaz, that it would have nothing to say to 8th centuary audience - no forthtelling. ​ (There are three basic settings but not three authors, but more.)​ ​ ​ Single author: ​ ​ 1. Isaiah is not from the perspective of pre-exilic period; God's people have been clearly judged, destroyed and in exilic. Isaiah is providing exilic perspective on God's work which allows Isaiah to have a full range of God's activity from Isaiah's present to new heavens and earth. ​ ​ 2. Integrated language: The themes that are picked up in the beginning of the book, even the notion of servant, are incorporated in various ways later in the book. Webs of connections. ​ ​ 3. Isaiah identified as author​ ​ 4. The way Isaiah talks about prophecy. E.g., later part of the Isaiah asks how should we trust the Lord? Is the Lord trustworthy? It say the Lord declares at the end and beginning; if God doesn't know what will happen in the future, then God is not God. If say, predictions in Second Isaiah aren't really visions of the future, then the nature of prophecy itself is undermined. (most significant point implication of how to understand the book of Isaiah) Being able to what is going to happen in the future is a confirmation that what is being said is true in that the Lord is really God (frustration of dealing with Egyptions).​

Which of the following inform the picture of how Jeremiah was put together as a book?​

1. There are first person superscriptions throughout book​ 2. There are third person superscriptions throughout book​ 3. The superscriptions show that the material is not arranged in chronological order​

Name three responses to the reasons given for separating Isaiah into First and Second Isaiah.

1. big blank space at the end of ch. 33 in one of dead sea scrolls 2. structure for the book 3. cuts across 1st, 2nd and 3rd Isaiah

The book of Lamentations is made up how many poems? ​

5

Describe what is meant by a bifid structure of the book of Isaiah.

A proposal that the book of Isaiah is split into two halves (1-33 & 34-66).

Which prophet specifically claims that he is not a prophet (at least, according to occupation)?

Amos

Who is the prophet who was from Judah but prophesied in and against Israel?

Amos

Which nation invades Judah and unsuccessfully attempts to overthrow Hezekiah during the ministry of Isaiah?

Assyria​

What is the role of the Hezekiah narrative for the book of Isaiah?

Building anticipation

List two of the four techniques by which the Twelve Prophets are connected together.​ Discuss the 12 Minor Prophets as the Book of the Twelve. Are the 12 to be read as a single book? What evidence is there that others read them this way? What techniques are used to relate them to one another? Do you think they represent a unified plot?​

Catchwords Motifs Framing Devices Quotations/Allusions

The structure of the Aramaic portion of Daniel is called a(n) [x] structure.

Chiasm

Within Jewish and Christian traditions, who is the Suffering Servant in Isaiah?

Christ in Israel (Israel, Christ)

The two genres that make up Daniel are as follows:

Court Narrative, Apocalyptic​

Which of the following names is translated "God is my judge"?

Daniel

Who is traditionally identified as the author of the book of Daniel?

Daniel

Daniel (Hess)

Daniel highlights the encouragement of the believer in Israel's God to remain faithful amid temptations and persecution. The book also addresses human history and its role in God's plan and emphasizes the significant role of God's faithful people who can be used for God's kingdom. Daniel also introduces the promise of the resurrection of the dead and brings hope for the revival.

The book of Jeremiah is closely associated with which part of the Pentateuch?

Deuteronomy​

What is the significance of Ezekiel s seeing the LORD's glory moving eastward?

Disobedience of Israel has a direct impact on the Lord's presence in glory; moving out of the promised land; exile.

Against which nation does Obadiah prophesy?

Edom

Ezekiel (Hess)

Ezekiel emphasizes God's judgment and justice on his people by calling them to repentence from their wickedness. Ezekiel proclaims the guilt of God's people against God's holiness. The sins of God's people in the temple cannot be tolerated, so the glory of God departs from the sanctuary and and Israel falls. God's presence returns by restoring the heart of Israel.

Which of the following connect the first part of Ezekiel to the second part of Ezekiel?

Ezekiel's gaining or losing the ability to speak​ The occurrence of the phrase "That they may know a prophet is among them"​ Appointing Ezekiel as a watchman​

What is the significance of the angel's interpretation of Jeremiah's prophecy in Daniel 9?

Gabriel is taking the prophecy and pushing it out into the future. The fulfillment of Jeremiah's prophecy is being associated not with the immediate period that Daniel can expect in his own days, but further out into the future, way off into the future - centuries later.

Daniel's four kingdom vision alludes to what other parts of the Old Testament?

Genesis 1, 11

According to the professor, what is the significance of the statue's destruction by a rock not cut out by human hands at the end of the Babylonian king's vision?

God destroys human effort to secure God's blessing without God

What is the English translation of Ezekiel's name, which plays a role in his call narrative?

God strengthens

Isaiah depicts the Servant in which of the following ways?

God, king and priest​

Name the three minor prophets who are clearly post-exilic.

Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi​

Which of the following prophets encouraged the Jews to rebuild the temple?

Haggai​

Which of the following is true about Ezekiel?​

He is a priest​ He lives among exiles in Babylon ​ He is a prophet​

Which of the following applies to the Book of the Twelve?

Historical context is somewhat muted because of inclusion in Book of Twelve​ ​ Put altogether no earlier than the fifth century BC​ ​ Editing is likely part of process of making the Book of the Twelve​​

Which prophet's marriage serves as a metaphor for the LORD's relationship with Israel?

Hosea

What is the prominent theme at the center of the Aramaic portion of Daniel? ​​

Humiliation of Gentile king​

What connections exist between the end of Ecclesiastes and the book of Lamentations?

Image of abandoned city

Which minor prophet becomes furious when God relents from sending disaster?

Jonah

Discuss the 12 Minor Prophets as the Book of the Twelve. Are the 12 to be read as a single book? What evidence is there that others read them this way? What techniques are used to relate them to one another? Do you think they represent a unified plot?

Josephus (upper class Jewish commentaters from 1st century): Jews written history since the beginning, we agree 22 books, if we count 12 as one book. Origen: Preserved as one book. LXX: Intro in the beginning of Hosea that refers to the collection of 12. Babylonian Talmud Jerome: 12 MT: Keep count of words and verses in a particular book - count for individual prophets and of the 12. Techniques: Catchwords: Same word occurs in the end of the previous book and in the beginning of the next book Motifs: the Day of the Lord mentioned in similar ways in a number of places Framing devices: Superscriptions Quotations/Allusions Hosea 12:10 As programmatic statement Multiplied visions By hands of prophets Common motifs: Important gentile nations

Discuss the compositional features of Ezekiel. How does his initial call relate to later parts of the book? What other significant reversals are found in Ezekiel? What message do these texts communicate?

Judgment - Restoration Loss of speech - Recovery of speech They will know a prophet was among them I have made you a watchman Glory of Lord leaves - Glory of Lord returns

What other biblical book is the book of Ezekiel most dependent upon for its language and theology? ​

Leviticus​

What is the tragedy that provides the setting for the book of Joel?​

Locust plague

Discuss the textual evidence for the book of Jeremiah. Discuss the differences between the LXX and MT, the possible ways of explaining those differences, and the possible dating (original to Jeremiah or not) of those differences.

MT 1/8 longer text oracles against nations at end of book duplicate passages historical notices - states specific references (name of nation) LXX 1/8 shorter text orcles against nations after 25:13 Non-duplicate passages open references - do not specify details 1. Abbreviation: MT is the original and LXX was shortened as a translation technique. 2. Expansion: LXX is the original and MT expanded LXX. 3. Mediating: Take each and determine parts as original. 4. Editorial: Two different editions - early and late. Geographic regions: MT - Palestine LXX - Egypt Way of reading: MT - Historicized reading, old, historical, specific, prophecies are assigned to the past. LXX - Beyond the frame work of Judah

Generally, critical scholars assign the date for the book of Daniel to which period?

Maccabean

Which prophet's name is translated into English as "my messenger"?

Malachi​

Name the two past prophets who, at the end of the Law and the Prophets, serve as models for a coming prophet. In other words, they are important for shaping the canon.

Moses Elijah

What contrast between Jeremiah and Moses is important for the message of the book of Jeremiah?

Moses leads Israel out of Egypt but Jeremiah takes Israel back to Egypt.​

Jeremiah is compared to what other prophet through verbal allusions?

Moses​

In what part of the book does Jeremiah demonstrate his authority over nations and kingdoms?

Oracles against the nations

What is the basic outline or structure of the book of Ezekiel?​​

Oracles of cursing for Judah and Jerusalem ​ Oracles against the nations​ Oracles of blessing for Judah and Jerusalem​

What is significant about the setting in which Ezekiel sees the vision of God in the beginning of the book?

People are rebellious, no repentence, God will make Ezekiel's forehead stronger.

Which of the following nations play an important role among the twelve minor prophet?

Persia, Assyria, Edom​

What is God's mission for Isaiah when he calls him in Chapter 6?

Preach until God judges Israel entirely.​

Name two ways that the office of prophet in Israel has been characterized, especially in relation to tradition.​

Religious "geniuses" Social activists Apocalypic/Eschatological Messianic forecasters Guardians of the covenant Interpreters of the Pentateuch

Name two ways by which scholars describe the nature of prophetic fulfillment.​

Single Dual Multiple Spiritual Messianic

The keyword diamond occurs in Jeremiah 17:1, Ezekiel 3:9, and Zechariah 7:12 to describe the people of Israel. What does this term suggest about the character of the people?​

Stubbornness (no change in heart) Jeremiah 17:1 (before exile) - Judah's sin is so deep, it can't be erased.​ Ezekiel 3:9 (in exile) - Rebellious people are hard headed, but God will make Ezekiel's forehead harder. ​ Zechariah 7:12 (after exile) - Still hard heart.​ Characterization of Israel: stubbornness of Israel. ​

Which of the following translates Isaiah's name?

The Lord saves.

Hosea (Hess)

The message of Hosea is embodied in Yahweh's love for Israel, in Israel's rebellion against God, and in the judgment and restoration that God brings. It addresses the absence of truth, covenantal love and knowledge of God. However, God is faithful with his covenantal love. The promise of restoration after judgment forms an essential part of Israel's experience as the spouse of Yahweh.

According to the professor, the book of Isaiah is an integrated composition.

True

Isaiah and Micah were prophets contemporary to one another.

True

What theories explain the differences between the Masoretic text of Jeremiah and the Septuagint text of Jeremiah?​

abbreviation, expansion, a little bit of both (mediating position), or editorial

When Jeremiah depicts the nature of Israel as a stubborn people, he makes a visit to the house of ________.

a potter

Discuss the theological message (also called the teaching of the prophets by VanGemeren) of the minor prophets according to VanGemeren. (See page 243 for a summary of the message of the prophets)

Yahweh will establish his kingdom through his Messiah. The people of the Messiah will be characterized by holiness and righteousness and the renewal of the Spirit. At the coming of his kingdom in its fullness, creation will undergo a complete transformation. The Trinity is involved in the process of redemption from the beginning to the end. (The summary of teaching of the prophets: TRUMPET) 1. Transformation of all things. 2. Rule of God: the great king. 3. Unbroken covenants: creation and redemption. 4. Messianic kingdom: Messiah. 5. Purification and glorification of the remnant. 6. Enemy avenged: judgment, vindication, vengeance. 7. Torah of God internalized: Spirit of restoration.

When Jeremiah describes God's future work of restoration, he talks about it as a new _________​

covenant

When Ezekiel describes God's future work of restoration, he talks about putting a new __________ within the people.​ ​

heart/spirit/temple

Name two of the types of prophetic address used in the prophetic literature.

judgment oracle, woe oracle, lawsuit, lament, hymn, others