Ole Miss Bisc 102 Final Exam

A pheromone is a chemical substance that elicits a specific response in members of a different species.

False

An increase in the number of red blood cells is called anemia.

False

If you were given a piece of a cow's heart and told that it was one of the thicker-walled chambers, you would know that you had an atrium.

False

Muscle rich in fast-twitch fibers is darker than muscle rich in slow-twitch fibers.

False

Of all the people who have studied inheritance, the person who made the most lasting impression on the science of genetics is

Gregor Mendel

Philodendron flowers pass electrons through a modified electron transport chain to generate heat. What is the source of these electrons?

NADH and FADH2

The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus belongs to which domain?

Bacteria

Which is incorrect?

Both the nervous system and the endocrine system use neurotransmitters to affect target cells.

The DNA sequence ATGCATGC will pair with which of the following DNA strands?

TACGTACG

If a growth plate is damaged before bone growth is complete, what may result?

The bone will not grow to its full length.

Which of the following organelles would help you differentiate between plant and animal cells?

a chloroplast

Unlike microtubules, which operate in the cilia and flagella, what is the role of microfilaments in eukaryotic cells?

a component of the cytoskeleton provide strength during cell stretching and compression anchor cells to each other involved in muscle contractions with myosin protein (All of the answers choices are correct.)

As part of a lab practical, you need to attach labels about chemical models. For the bond between amino acids, you would add a label describing that it is

a covalent bond in proteins.

A protein channel linking the cytoplasm of adjacent cells is called

a gap junction.

The cap-like ________ covers the head of the sperm and releases enzymes that will help the sperm penetrate the egg.

acrosome

The enzyme that breaks down starch is

amylase

The phase of mitosis in which the centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell is

anaphase.

Which is the correct sequence for levels of biological organization within a multicellular organism?

atom - molecule - organelle - cell - tissue

The nerve that conducts impulses to the area of the brain that determines sound is the

auditory nerve

The only type of connective tissue in which collagen is not secreted is

blood.

Immunological memory results from the production of

both B and T memory cells.(maybe)

Functions of the vertebrate endoskeleton include

both production of blood cells and storage of calcium.

The liver produces 90% of the cholesterol in your body. Most cholesterol is transported in the blood as low density lipoprotein (LDL). When the levels of blood LDL increase, the enzyme in the liver that makes cholesterol is inhibited. This is an example of ________ feedback.

negative

The temperature in a room dropping below the setting on the thermostat, causing the heater to turn on, and the heater turning off when the set temperature is reached, is an example of the principle of

negative feedback.

Which is not a function of skeletal muscles?

pump blood through the heart

The opening for light to enter into the eye is the

pupil

Since its invention in the 1980s, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a very common tool, because PCR

rapidly replicates DNA sequences without the use of living organisms.

The three major components of the human nervous system are

seeing, feeling, and hearing. (maybe)

The three types of neurons in the nervous system of humans are

sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons.

The type of epithelial tissue that forms a single layer of elongated cells is

simple columnar

Blood vessels are lined by a single layer of flattened cells. Which type of cells line blood vessels?

simple squamous

The walls of the bronchioles are made up of

smooth muscle.

The part of the central nervous system that conducts information to and from the brain is the

spinal cord.

Growth of ________ does not include turning off genes.

stem cells

Antacids would be effective in which part of the digestive system?

stomach

The type of epithelial tissue that forms multiple layers of flattened cells is

stratified squamous

the junctions between one neuron and another neuron are called

synapses

You are asked to help prepare a lab and need to label some beakers. In one, you are told, there are sugars polymerizing into a large polymer, so you prepare a label that mentions

dehydration synthesis.

A common feature of preimplantation genetic diagnosis, genetic testing, and gene therapy is the

use of DNA technology to detect or treat genetic disorders.

The tube-like structure that serves as the birth canal in the human female is the

vagina.

Thalidomide was given to pregnant women from 1957 to 1961 to help relieve the symptoms of morning sickness. Thalidomide binds to and inactivates the protein cereblon, which is important in limb formation. If a woman took thalidomide during the ________ period of her baby's development, it could result in stunted growth of their limbs.

embryonic

The type of skeleton that is an internal support structure is a(n)

endoskeleton.

The tissue type that acts as a lining of organs, serves in absorption and secretion, and also conducts gas diffusion is

epithelial.

Neurons insulate neuroglia as the latter carry electrical signals.

false

The breast muscles of a wild duck are dark, while that of a domesticated chicken are white. The breast muscles in a domesticated chicken are

fast-twitch muscles with few capillaries or mitochondria.

In the electron transport chain, if some of the protons are utilized for other functions in the cell and do not flow through the ATP synthase, then

fewer ATP will be made.

Vertebrates with a two-chambered heart include

fishes

Receptors for the general senses are

found throughout the body.

Which is not an endocrine gland?

gallbladder

The enzyme that unwinds DNA is

helicase.

If, for a study, you wanted to cause blood vessel dilation and swelling to mimic effects of innate immunity, you would want to inject

histamine

Which is not an important function of calcium in vertebrates?

homeostasis

All of the glands of the vertebrate endocrine system are regulated by the

hypothalamus and pituitary gland.

If you were asked to list systems that are most critical for protecting the body from external threats, you would list

immune, and urinary.

A diuretic is a substance that

increases the volume of urine.

Most antibiotics are not effective against viruses because they ________ and this does not affect the activity of viruses.

inhibit synthesis of cell walls

The type of neuron that connects one neuron to another within the central nervous system is the

interneuron

An endocrine gland releases its product directly

into the digestive system. onto an outer epithelial surface. into the circulatory system.X into a body cavity. All answers are correct.

An acid

is a chemical that adds hydrogen ions to a solution.

alcoholic fermentation

is carried out by yeasts. produces far less ATP than aerobic respiration. produces ethanol. produces carbon dioxide. (All answers are correct.)

Which would be the primary target for antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

kidney

To make use of the sugar in milk, your body needs the enzyme

lactase

A sprain is a stretched or torn

ligament

Air moves into the lungs when the air pressure in the lungs is ________ than the air pressure outside of the lungs. This occurs when the muscles of the diaphragm ________.

lower; contract

In eukaryotic cells, the Krebs cycle occurs in the

mitochondrion.

The tissue type that provides contractions that power movement is

muscle.

The two closely allied organ systems that allow for running, swimming, and flying under the direction of the nervous system are the

muscular and skeletal systems.

When Mendel crossed tall (Tt) plants with tall (Tt) plants the offspring

were mostly tall individuals and a few short individuals.

If you cross two heterozygous Yy pea plants, what proportion of the offspring will be the dominant color yellow?

75%

Which is correct about sexually transmitted infections?

All STIs are treatable with antibiotics if caught early enough. (maybe)

Beano is a product containing an enzyme that breaks down complex carbohydrates in beans and other vegetables, thereby reducing gas production when these foods are eaten. Why would humans need to take Beano to avoid gas?

If they don't break down the complex carbohydrates, bacteria in their colon will.

Which statement about sexually transmitted infections is wrong?

STIs are unique to humans.

Which characteristic sets insulin and glucagon apart from steroid hormones?

They bind to a receptor on the surface of the cell.

Each year there are an estimated 250,000 people who could benefit from a bone marrow transplant. What would happen to a patient who no longer had active bone marrow?

They would be immunocompromised.

Blood that reaches the heart tissue via the coronary artery has more oxygen in it than the tissue itself.

True

If you see B cells, you know that a humoral response is underway.

True

Most burn victims who have substantial damage to their skin are prescribed powerful antibiotics because the intact skin is the first defense against bacterial infections.

True

Odorous molecules are first detected in the nose and are transduced into receptor potentials, which travel to the olfactory bulb and then to the cerebral cortex.

True

Since parathyroid hormone causes calcium to be liberated from bone, blocking that hormone could be a partial aid in dealing with loss of calcium from bone.

True

The primary immune response produces memory cells that stimulate a faster immune response on a subsequent exposure to the same foreign antigen.

True

When a baby receives antibodies in breast milk, this is an example of passive immunity.

True

When needed, parathyroid hormone causes the removal of calcium from the bone. Insufficient calcium intake can lead to issues such as osteoporosis where severe calcium loss from bones weakens them.

True

In muscle tissue, if there is not enough oxygen for aerobic respiration to occur, the muscle cell

can produce ATP by fermentation.

In animals, the pouch that forms the entrance to the large intestine is the

cecum.

The division of the nervous system that integrates sensory information and coordinates the body's response is the

central nervous system.

The vertebrae in descending order from the skull are

cervical, thoracic, lumbar.

Lipid-soluble steroid hormones are synthesized from

cholesterol

A tRNA molecule is "bilingual" because it binds to

codons of mRNA and amino acids.

The molecule that rapidly replenishes ATP at the beginning of muscle activity is

creatine phosphate.

Type 2 diabetes is strongly associated with

obesity

You are asked to research what the eye is. You read that it contains nerves, muscles, and blood cells. Therefore, you decide that it is a(n)

organ

In humans, what receptor is used primarily to detect sharp blows and excessive heat?

pain receptor

What is an endocrine glad?

pancreas, thyroid gland, ovaries, and testes

The study of the function of all of the body's parts is

physiology

When a blood clot begins to form, the enzyme thrombin is formed. Thrombin then activates the enzymes that produce more thrombin. This is an example of ________ feedback.

positive

Birth control pills contain a combination of estrogen and progesterone and prevent pregnancy by

preventing ovulation.

Which option lists the primary endocrine product(s) of the ovaries?

progesterone and estrogen

To inherit an autosomal dominant disorder a person could receive the allele leading to the disease from

the mother or the father.

An example of DNA technology is

transferring genes from a bacterium to a fish.X

The tightly coiled structure/s inside the testes that produce the sperm cells is/are the

tubules.