OLT 10

Areas that once had vast economic growth and large amounts of industry, but are now suffering from the effects of outsourcing are going through a period of: 1) Industrialization 2) Deindustrialization 3) Industrialization transition 4) Post-industrialization

Deindustrialization

"Multinational corporations (from wealthy countries) benefit poor countries when they locate there, particularly by giving jobs to workers there." A sociologist who would likely approach this conclusion may be using the ____________ theoretical perspective. 1) Structural functionalist 2) Symbolic interactionist 3) Conflict 4) Feminist

Structural functionalist

What's the average annual GNI in a low-income nation? 1) About $15,000. 2) About $11,000. 3) About $4,000. 4) About $500

About $15,000

88 million people in the world live on less than $1.00 a day. These people are said to be living in _____________. 1) Subjective poverty 2) Marginal poverty 3) Absolute poverty 4) Relative poverty

Absolute poverty

About 3 billion people in Asia, Africa, and Latin America live on about $2.5 a day, which represents _____ poverty. 1) subjective 2) relative 3) absolute 4) exploitative

absolute

While the modernization theory explains global inequality as a result of lack of ____ in low-income nations, the dependency theory explains it as an effect of ____ by high-income nations. 1) democracy; work ethic 2) work ethic; democracy 3) exploitation; industrialization 4) industrialization; exploitation

industrialization; exploitation

Which continent has the greatest number of impoverished nations in the world? 1) Africa 2) Asia 3) South America 4) North America

Africa

An example of slavery, according to Anti-Slavery International, is: 1) Factories employing adults at salary level 2) Factories using child labor 3) Children attending school 4) Children playing with friends

Factories using child labor

"The global economic system is fair, even in its inequality. Multinational corporations (from wealthy countries) benefit poor countries, particularly by giving jobs to workers there. This motivates the less fortunate countries to work harder in order to be better off by adapting to new technologies." The above paragraph is more likely to represent arguments of the _____ theory. 1) dependency 2) conflict 3) functional 4) symbolic interactionist

Functional

"Multinational corporations from core countries exploit workers in peripheral countries by giving them wages, which are so much lower than the wages received by workers in core countries." A sociologist who would likely approach this conclusion may be using the ____________ theoretical perspective. 1) Structural functionalism 2) Symbolic interactionism 3) Conflict theory 4) Feminist theory

Conflict theory

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was created under the influence of a country belonging to the: 1) Core nations. 2) Third world. 3) Middle-income countries. 4) Asian and American Alliance.

Core Nations

How would the US, China, Guatemala, and Saudi Arabia be described respectively, according to the World Systems theory? 1) Most industrialized, industrializing, least industrialized, oil-exporting. 2) First World, Second World, Third World, Fourth World. 3) Core, periphery, semi-periphery, external arena. 4) Core, semi-periphery, periphery, external area.

Core, semi-periphery, periphery, external area.

In his original model, Immanuel Wallerstein classified Northwestern Europe as the ____ of the World System. However, he classified Eastern Europe as the ____ of the World System. 1) first; second. 2) high income; middle-income. 3) periphery; semi-periphery. 4) core; periphery

Core; periphery

A major problem facing middle-income nations is _____. 1) deindustrialization 2) capital flight 3) debt accumulation 4) feminization of poverty

Debt Flight

Using the original model of the world systems theory to explain global stratification, the oil-exporting countries can be referred to as the: 1) core 2) periphery 3) semi-periphery 4) external area.

External Area

Jessica babysits as a form of income while she is in college. Because the amounts she gets per job are not huge, Maria never bothers to report her earnings to the IRS. Maria is a part of the _____________. 1) Underground economy 2) Under-reported economy 3) Under-earning economy 4) Under-paid economy

Underground economy

What is one practical way we can try to stop multinational companies from abusing workers in child labor and sweatshops? 1) We can ignore the problem because it will eventually go away. 2) We can trust CEOs and board members of the companies to do the right thing. 3) We can justify such practices because they are legal in other countries. 4) We can be responsible consumers and research products before buying them.

We can be responsible consumers and research products before buying them.

Is there a relationship between the wealth of a group of nations and how much land it occupies? 1) Yes, the more the land, the less the wealth. 2) Yes, the less the land, the less the wealth. 3) No, wealth and poverty are related to industrialization, not to areas of land. 4) No, wealth and poverty are related to values and morality, not to land areas.

Yes, the less the land, the less the wealth.

What has been the main factor that has aided the financial situations of many countries in Latin America? 1) Taking legal steps to prevent drug trafficking and guerilla warfare 2) Borrowing money from countries like China and the United States 3) A greater emphasis on educating young people 4) Allowing residents to engage in the underground economy

A greater emphasis on educating young people

In the United States, where outsourcing is almost always addressed negatively, companies still get away with outsourcing. How do they do this? 1) Capital flight, caused by outsourcing, helps local economies thrive, so Americans are willing to make the trade off. 2) Deindusrialization, also caused by outsourcing, is better for the environment, so Americans are in favor of it. 3) Americans want lower prices for their consumable products, and the only way for companies to deliver those low prices is to outsource the work to cheaper laborers. 4) Companies find that the many U.S. restrictions on manufacturing can seriously disrupt production, which leads to profit loss, which in turn results in outsourcing.

Americans want lower prices for their consumable products, and the only way for companies to deliver those low prices is to outsource the work to cheaper laborers.

Which continent has the largest number of people living in poverty in the world? 1) Africa 2) Asia 3) South America 4) North America

Asia

All of the following are forms of current slavery on Planet Earth, EXCEPT: 1) chattel 2) human trafficking 3) international debt 4) Child Labor

Chattel

A major factor that contributed to China's economic successes compared with other East Asian countries, such as Cambodia, Vietnam, and Bangladesh, is ____. 1) China's population control rules. 2) China's Communist centrally-controlled economy. 3) Religious beliefs in these East Asian countries prohibit women from full participation. 4) Religious beliefs in China, which encourage women to participate in the economy.

China's population control rules.

The ethnic struggle and genocide in Rwanda is an example of the negative influence of ____ in Africa. 1) the weather 2) colonial powers. 3) World Bank. 4) Lack of irrigation systems.

Colonial Powers

"Global inequality is created and reproduced when wealthy, powerful core nations exploit resources of poor, peripheral nations. An example is when multinational corporations from core countries exploit workers in peripheral countries by giving them lower wages than those received by workers in core countries." The above paragraph is more likely to represent arguments of the _____ theory. 1) dependency 2) conflict 3) functional 4) symbolic interactionist

Conflict

Until recently global stratification was depicted by a model consisting of First, Second, and Third World countries. In that model, a Third World country was 1) an industrialized nation. 2) an industrializing nation. 3) a least industrialized nation. 4) a semi-industrializing nation.

a least industrialized nation

Which one of the following formulas does the World Bank use to determine the status and classification of each nation? 1) Gross National Income. 2) Gross Domestic Product. 3) Purchasing Power Parity. 4) Organization for Economic and Cooperative Development data (OECD).

Gross National Income

A nation with a $30,000 GNI and two-thirds of its population live in cities is more likely to be classified by the World Banks as a _____ nation. 1) high-income 2) middle-income 3) low-income 4) under-income

High income

Neocolonialism is a term which refers to: 1) How the Most Industrialized Nations turn to the international markets to control the Least Industrialized Nations. 2) How the Most Industrialized Nations turn to the New World to establish new colonies. 3) How the Most Industrialized Nations control resources of the Least Industrialized Nations through war and military invasions. 4) How the Least Industrialized Nations attack the Most Industrialized Nations through war and military invasions.

How the Most Industrialized Nations turn to the international markets to control the Least Industrialized Nations.

In 1994, the Rwandan ____ majority initiated a genocidal attack on the ____ minority, in which they killed about 800,000 people in about three months. 1) Tutsi; Hutu 2) Hutu; Tutsi 3) African; European 4) European; African

Hutu; Tutsi

What is global stratification? 1) It refers to the concentration of resources in certain nations. 2) It refers to higher Life expectancy in wealthy countries and lower in others. 3) It refers to the unequal distribution of resources and wealth among nations. 4) It refers to social inequality as a result of prejudice and discrimination.

It refers to the unequal distribution of resources and wealth among nations

Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in the process of the development of capitalism? 1) Slavery, caste, apartheid, estate, class. 2) Slavery, caste, estate, apartheid, class. 3) Mercantilism, colonialism, neo-colonialism, imperialism. 4) Mercantilism, colonialism, imperialism, neo-colonialism.

Mercantilism, colonialism, imperialism, neo-colonialism.

Which social class is quickly disappearing from modern economies? 1) Upper Class 2) Middle Class. 3) Lower Class. 4) Under Class.

Middle class

Which trend has the World Bank seen in its study of poverty in low-income nations? 1) Equal numbers of men and women live in poverty. 2) More men live in poverty than women. 3) More women live in poverty than men. 4) Children can avoid living in poverty if they live with their fathers.

More women live in poverty than men.

Which statement would you find in the analysis of poverty by Neckerman and Torche? 1) People will take advantage of social welfare programs if you do not watch them carefully 2) People live in poverty because they are lazy and lack meaningful work. 3) Once poverty has entered a geographic location, it is very difficult to get rid of it. 4) People living in poverty enjoy living in poverty.

Once poverty has entered a geographic location, it is very difficult to get rid of it.

Which of the following is not one of the natural causes of poverty in Africa? 1) Less available arable land (that can be farmed). 2) Inadequate rainfall in some areas. 3) Lack of irrigation infrastructure. 4) Religious beliefs, which encourage people to accept poverty.

Religious beliefs, which encourage people to accept poverty