OPEC and Oil embargo 1973
"Read my lips No new Taxes"
"Read my lips: no new taxes" is a phrase spoken by then-American presidential candidate George H. W. Bush at the 1988 Republican National Convention as he accepted the nomination on August 18. Written by speechwriter Peggy Noonan, the line was the most prominent sound bite from the speech.
Al Qaeda
Al-Qaeda is a militant Sunni Islamist multi-national organization founded in 1988 by Osama bin Laden, Abdullah Azzam, and several other Arab volunteers who fought against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in the 1980s.
Mikhail Gorbachev
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev is a former Soviet statesman. He was the eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union, having been General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991, when the party was dissolved
OPEC and 1973 oil Embargo
Oil Embargo, 1973-1974. During the 1973 Arab-Israeli War, Arab members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) imposed an embargo against the United States in retaliation for the U.S. decision to re-supply the Israeli military and to gain leverage in the post-war peace negotiations.
Pardoning of Nixon
On September 8, 1974, one month after President Richard Nixon resigned the presidency amid the Watergate scandal, his successor, President Gerald R. Ford, announced his decision to grant Nixon a full pardon for any crimes he may have committed while in office
Perestroika
Perestroika was a political movement for reformation within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union during the 1980s, widely associated with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and his glasnost (meaning "openness") policy reform.
Stagflation and W.I.N
Summary and Definition: Stagflation was an economic phenomenon of the 1970's resulting from a combination of economic stagnation, rising prices and inflation. The post WW2 boom years of the 1950's and 1960's in which the United States dominated International trade ended as European competition increased, oil prices rose, imports exceeded exports, spending decreased and unemployment increased. The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States fell as the economic performance of the nation declined resulting in a lower standard of living across the whole country.
Supply-side Economics
Supply-side economics is a macroeconomic theory that argues economic growth can be most effectively created by investing in capital and by lowering barriers on the production of goods and services.
Contract With America
The 1994 elections resulted in Republicans gaining 54 House and 9 U.S. Senate seats. When the Republicans gained this majority of seats in the 104th Congress, the Contract was seen as a triumph by party leaders such as Minority Whip Newt Gingrich, Dick Armey, and the American conservative movement in general.
The Arab Spring
The Arab Spring or Democracy Spring was a revolutionary wave of both violent and non-violent demonstrations, protests, riots, coups and civil wars in North Africa and the Middle East that began on 17 December 2010 in Tunisia with the Tunisian Revolution.
Camp David Accords
The Camp David Accords were signed by Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on 17 September 1978, following twelve days of secret negotiations at Camp David
Helsinki Accords
The Helsinki Final Act was an agreement signed by 35 nations that concluded the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, held in Helsinki, Finland. The multifaceted Act addressed a range of prominent global issues and in so doing had a far-reaching effect on the Cold War and U.S.-Soviet relations.
Iran-Contra Scandal
The Iran-Contra affair, also referred to as Irangate, Contragate or the Iran-Contra scandal, was a political scandal in the United States that occurred during the second term of the Reagan Administration.
NAFTA
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA; Spanish: Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte, TLCAN; French: Accord de libre-échange nord-américain, ALÉNA) is an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America.
ACA
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, often shortened to the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and nicknamed Obamacare, is a United States federal statute enacted by the 111th United States Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010.
Glasnost
The Russian word glasnost, translated as "openness," refers to the Soviet policy of open discussion of political and social issues. The policy was instituted by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in the late 1980s and began the democratization of the Soviet Union
9/11
The September 11 attacks were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda on the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001.
Soviet War in Afghanistan
The Soviet-Afghan War lasted over nine years, from December 1979 to February 1989. Insurgent groups known as the mujahideen fought against the Soviet Army and the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
Defense Build- up/Strategic Defense Initiative
The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) was a proposed missile defense system intended to protect the United States from attack by ballistic strategic nuclear weapons (intercontinental ballistic missiles and submarine-launched ballistic missiles). The system, which was to combine ground-based units and orbital deployment platforms, was first publicly announced by President Ronald Reagan on March 23, 1983.[1] The initiative focused on strategic defense rather than the prior strategic offense doctrine of mutual assured destruction (MAD). The Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) was set up in 1984 within the United States Department of Defense to oversee the Strategic Defense Initiative.
Tienanmen Square
The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, commonly known in China as the June Fourth Incident, were student-led demonstrations in Beijing in 1989.
Election of 1992
The United States presidential election of 1992 was the 52nd quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 3, 1992.
Election of 2008
The United States presidential election of 2008 was the 56th quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 4, 2008
War Powers Act
The War Powers Resolution (also known as the War Powers Resolution of 1973 or the War Powers Act) (50 U.S.C. 1541-1548) is a federal law intended to check the president's power to commit the United States to an armed conflict without the consent of the U.S. Congress.
War on Terror
The War on Terror (WoT), also known as the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT), is a metaphor of war referring to the international military campaign that started after the September 11th attacks on the United States. U.S. President George W. Bush first used the term "War on Terror" on 20 September 2001.
End of the Cold War/Berlin Wall
The fall of the Berlin Wall. The shredding of the Iron Curtain. The end of the Cold War. When Mikhail Gorbachev assumed the reins of power in the Soviet Union in 1985, no one predicted the revolution he would bring.
Bush Tax Cuts
The phrase Bush tax cuts refers to changes to the United States tax code passed originally during the presidency of George W. Bush and extended during the presidency of Barack Obama, through: Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 (EGTRRA) Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003 (JGTRRA) Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (partial extension)
"The Evil Empire" and Reagan Doctrine
The phrase evil empire was first applied to the Soviet Union in 1983 by U.S. President Ronald Reagan, who took an aggressive, hard-line stance that favored matching and exceeding the Soviet Union's strategic and global military capabilities, in calling for a rollback strategy that would, in his words, "write the final pages of the history of the Soviet Union."
Panama Treaty
The treaties guaranteed that Panama would gain control of the Panama Canal after 1999, ending the control of the canal that the U.S. had exercised since 1903. The treaties are named after the two signatories, U.S. President Jimmy Carter and the Commander of Panama's National Guard, General Omar Torrijos.
Economic Collapse Causes
There is no precise definition of an economic collapse. The term has been used to describe a broad range of bad economic conditions, ranging from a severe, prolonged depression with high bankruptcy rates and high unemployment (such as the Great Depression of the 1930s), to a breakdown in normal commerce caused by hyperinflation (such as in Weimar Germany in the 1920s), or even an economically caused sharp rise in the death rate and perhaps even a decline in population (such as in countries of the former USSR in the 1990s).[1][2][3] Often economic collapse is accompanied by social chaos, civil unrest and sometimes a breakdown of law and order. An example of an economic collapse is the Great Depression.
Welfare Reform
a movement to change the federal government's social welfare policy by shifting some of the responsibility to the states and cutting benefits.
Deficit Spending
government spending, in excess of revenue, of funds raised by borrowing rather than from taxation.
Iran Hostage Crisis
he Iran hostage crisis was a diplomatic standoff between Iran and the United States. Fifty-two American diplomats and citizens were held hostage for 444 days from November 4, 1979, to January 20, 1981 after a group of Iranian students belonging to the Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line, who supported the Iranian Revolution, took over the U.S. Embassy in Tehran.[3] It stands as the longest hostage crisis in recorded history.[4]
Cuts in social programs
takes out welfare
Persian Golf War causes and our role
• Iraq wanted to take over Kuwait's oil fields, and wanted access to the Persian Gulf (for oil transport). • Iraq considered Kuwait to be part of their country. • Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein wanted control of the Muslim world. • Iraq was defeated, and its army was reduced. • Economic hardship was created for the Iraqi people due to trade sanctions imposed after the war. • Hussein remained in power and rebuilt his forces. • The U.N. cease-fire agreement called for Iraq to allow U.N. inspectors to look for and destroy Iraqi weapons of mass destruction.The Persian Gulf War 1991. The U.S. fought against Iraq when they illegally invaded Kuwait. Causes of the War • Iraq wanted to take over Kuwait's oil fields, and wanted access to the Persian Gulf (for oil transport). • Iraq considered Kuwait to be part of their country. • Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein wanted control of the Muslim world. Results of the War • Iraq was defeated, and its army was reduced. • Economic hardship was created for the Iraqi people due to trade sanctions imposed after the war. • Hussein remained in power and rebuilt his forces. • The U.N. cease-fire agreement called for Iraq to allow U.N. inspectors to look for and destroy Iraqi weapons of mass destruction. Attack on America 2001. On September 11, 2001, Al Qaeda hijacked four large airplanes in America. Two were crashed into the World Trade Center in New York City and one was crashed into the U.S. Pentagon. Al Qaeda Terrorist group led by Osama bin Laden. Crashed airplanes in America. Results of the Attack • President George Bush declared war on terrorism. • U.S. forces invaded Afghanistan, the base of the Al Qaeda network. • The Department of Homeland Security was formed. War in Iraq 2003. U.S., Britain, Australia, and Spain attacked Iraq in March 2003. The conflict was declared over in May with the removal of Saddam Hussein.
