Operating Room Techniques (collective)

Feverish; pertaining to a fever

febrile

Trauma to the body requires ______________________________ during the healing process. a. high metabolic activity b. low metabolic activity c. low caloric intake d. no change in diet due to no additional demands

high metabolic activity

Elevation of body temperature above normal

hyperthermia

Below normal body temperature

hypothermia

The first complaint many patients verbalize about the operating room is that a. the lights are too bright b. the temperature is too low c. the temperature is too high d. the color of the walls is offensive

the temperature is too low

Hypocalcemia is caused from a deficiency of what electrolyte? a. Calcium b. Potassium c. Sodium d. None of the above

Calcium

Electrolytes include all of the following except: a. Sodium b. Carbonic acid c. Potassium d. Calcium

Carbonic acid

What may cause Compartment Syndrome?

Causes for compartment syndrome may be from continuous compression or extreme flexion. This can result in vessel compression and severe swelling below the area of compression. In this case, blood cannot return to the heart but instead pools in the extremity.

Define Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Pressure on the subclavian artery and brachial plexus, when the head is turned to the side with the arms raised, can lead to thoracic outlet syndrome. The result can be permanent injury causing pain and loss of sensation along the ulnar nerve.

Hyponatremia is caused from the deficiency of what electrolyte? a. Calcium b. Potassium c. Sodium d. None of the above

Sodium

Sixty percent of our surgical patients are affected by a. Hyperthermia b. Normothermia c. Hypothermia d. None of the above

Hypothermia

What do the letters " NANDA" mean?

North American Nursing Diagnosis Association

The basic metabolic panel includes all of the following except: a. Blood glucose b. Carbon dioxide c. Creatinine d. Oxygen

Oxygen

Gary Roberts is on anticoagulant drugs. Which of the following tests may be done to check the clotting time of his blood? a. serum amylase b. complete blood count c. K+ levels d. PT/PTT

PT/PTT

Needs that require the Surgical Technologist to monitor amounts of irrigation fluids used during the case are: a. Physiological Domain: Respiration b. Physiological Domain: Nutrition c. Physiological Domain:Temperature d.Physiological Domain: Mobility

Physiological Domain: Nutrition

The ability to communicate and interact with people of different cultures and beliefs is __________________________________________. a. therapeutic needs b. cultural security c. cultural competence d. belief centered

cultural competence

Which group of patients should be scheduled early in the day for a surgical procedure? a. young, healthy adults b. diabetic patients c. orthopedic patients d. any of the above

diabetic patients

Pressure at its lowest when the heart is relaxed

diastolic

Care that is usually "hands on" and can be therapeutic or diagnostic is referred to as ________________. a. indirect care b. criticle care c. direct care d. patient-centered care

direct care

The placing of information into the patient's chart is known as: a. recording b. assessing c. documentation d. clinical pathway

documentation

Record of electrical activity of the heart

electrocardiogram

Heart rate counted at the apex of the heart using a stethoscope

Apical Pulse

The Nursing Process consists of six steps. Name them in order

1. Assessment 2. Nursing Diagnosis 3. Outcome Identification 4. Planning 5. Implementing 6. Evaluation

Identify the true statements about blood pressure measurement. (There is more than one.) a. Can be obtained by direct or indirect methods b. Can be taken on the arm with an IV c. Pressure is higher during systole and lower in diastole d. Readings can be intermittent or continuous

- Pressure is higher during systole and lower in diastole - Readings can be intermittent or continuous

Your operating team is dealing with an elderly patient who does not speak English. Although an interpreter was brought in to explain the surgery and associated risks, you still feel the patient has unmet psychosocial needs. What can you do?

- Use of pictures to help enhance communication - Use a calming voice and friendly body language in addition to a calming touch - Get a different interpreter, as that cold help enhance the cross language communication

A preoperative checklist is completed to ensure the patient is properly prepared for the surgical procedure. List three items to be included on the checklist.

1. History and Physical 2. Anesthesia History 3. Signed consent for anesthesia and the surgery 4. Smoking habits 5. Removal of jelwery or any removal prosthetics

Describe four methods of obtaining a patient's temperature during the preop assessment.

1. Oral 2. Rectal 3. Tympanic 4. Axillary

From the information contained in the document, "Positioning and Patient Safety", describe a (A) potential hazard and (B) precautionary measure for each of the following positions. Example: Position: Supine, Potential Hazard: Nerve injury to Brachial Plexus, Precautionary Action: Arm board positioned at less than 90 degrees 1) Prone 2) Lateral 3) Lithotomy

1. Prone a. compression of the pelvis and toes. b. this can be fixed by placing an egg crate under the toes and either a pillow or gel roll under the pelvis 2. Lateral a. spine is not properly alligned b. this can be fixed by placing either a pillow or gel roll under the lumbar region of the patient. This will help to keep the spine aligned 3. Lithotomy a. patients knee is not properly aligned with their body and could touch the candy cane b. adjust the position of the candy cane so it is perpendicular to the patients body. this will ensure the patients legs/knee is properly aligned with their body and does not touch the pole of the candy cane

List 8 components of a Standard Transport Bed or "stretcher".

1. Wheels 2. Wheel locks 3. frame 4. IV pole 5. Safety/restraining straps 6. shelf 7. mattress 8. rails/side rails

The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used to measure a patient's level of consciousness. List the three evaluations performed:

1. response from eye (ocular) movement 2. verbal response 3. motor response

Normal Hemoglobin numbers for a female are: a. 12.4-14.9 g/dl b. 13.5-18 g/dl c. 40-52 g/dl d. 35-46 g/dl

12.4-14.9 g/dl

Which of the following ages defines a preschooler? a. birth to 18 months b. 19 months to 3 years c. 4 to 6 years d. 7 to 12 years

4 to 6 years

Normal Hematocrit numbers for a male are: a. 11.5-15.5 % b. 35-46 % c. 13.5-18 % d. 42-52%

42-52%

The normal pulse rate for an adult is _________________________. a. 40-60 bpm b. 60-100 bpm c. 75-110 bpm d. 80-120 bpm

60-100 bpm

The normal axillary temperature is a. 98.6 F b. 97.6 F or 36.5 C c. 40 C d. 99 F

97.6 F or 36.5 C

An EKG: a. may be routine for patients over 40 b. is required if a patient has a suspected/known cardiac disease c. is performed on all surgical patients d. A & B

A & B

Identify the false statement about pulse oximetry. a. It measures arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation b. A reading of 90% or less is normal c. False high readings are found in cigarette smokers d. A probe should not be placed over a fingernail with polish

A reading of 90% or less is normal

Define Compartment Syndrome.

Compartment syndrome is severe swelling and tissue injury caused by constriction of blood and lymph. Compartment syndrome can progress to tissue necrosis.

Chandra is a 13-year-old who was involved in an automobile accident. She has a severe facial laceration but was not rendered unconscious and has no negative neurological signs. She is coming to the OR where a plastic surgeon will repair her facial laceration. What are the psychological concerns that Chandra may have? Which concerns may take priority?

Disfigurement -- the injury could leave her with an abnormal looking injuries Scaring -- the injuries form the accident could leave her with a scar Acceptance from her peers -- this could affect the way she accepted in her social group Safety -- fear of the surgery to help repair her injuries and fear of death or "not being okay" It is important to calm the patient and ease the fears of surgery and/or death before moving on to disfigurement, scaring, and acceptance from society/peers

Why is the order "NPO after midnight" important with a preoperative patient?

The patients stomach should be empty prior to surgery to prevent emesis that could result in aspiration or aspiration pneumonia

How can the surgical team help ease Chandra's experience?

The surgical team can help Chandra by explain what is going to happen in simple factual language without talking down to her. They can also use a calm voice and friendly body language to help ease her fear. It would important to explain that she will be okay and that there are advanced in surgery that would help to keep her scaring to a minimum.

What is the treatment for Compartment Syndrome?

Treatment for compartment syndrome requires emergency procedure called fasciotomy. In a fasciotomy, deep incisions are made in the long axis of the limb to open the tissues and relieve pressure.

What is the treatment for ventricular fibrillation?

Treatment for ventricular fibrillation would be to use a defibrillator. This would help the patients heart to "reset" and have a chance to start a "normal" heart rhythm

Which of the following is the most basic form of assessment a. CT scan b. ECG c. Vital Signs

Vital Signs

A heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute may indicate not pathology but a. a heart attack b. a child c. a fit athlete d. angina

a fit athlete

An electrocardiogram is a. an electrical recording of heart activity b. an x-ray defining heart structures c. an x-ray of the cardiac portion of the stomach d. a stress test on the heart

an electrical recording of heart activity

A unit of blood drawn from a patient and kept for their own use during a surgical procedure is known as a/an ________________________unit. a. autotransfusion b. autologous c. reactive d. universal

autologous

Once placed on the operating room bed, the patient may never a. be left alone b. be repositioned c. be allowed to void d. be allowed to ask questions

be left alone

Sequential compression devices (SCDs) are used on patients having surgery to prevent a. blood flow b. nerve damage c. muscle cramps d. blood pooling

blood pooling

Patients should be transported slowly and a. head first b. with side rails in the upright and locked position c. feet first d. both B and C

both B and C

Abnormally slow heart rate

bradycardia

Pediatric patient groups are defined according to approximate ______________ age groups. a. physical b. physiological c. chronological d. astronomical

chronological

When surgical technologists apply knowledge and experience gained in the past to solve a current problem, they are using a process known as _________________________. a. prioritizing b. aggression c. regression d. critical thinking

critical thinking

If a transfusion is anticipated, the patient's blood is typed and ___________. a. screened b. crossmatched c. diluted d. none of the above

crossmatched

When transporting a patient on a stretcher or in a bed, the side rails should be a. in the up and locked position b. down on the dominant side c. down so that the patient is able to provide assistance d. partially up so that the patient can see where they are going

in the up and locked position

A heart rate of 110-130 beats per minute is normal for what age group? a. infants b. children up to 12 years c. teens, 13-19 years d. adults

infants

Axillary temperature readings are _______________ oral measurements. a. higher than b. lower than c. equal to d. none of the above

lower than

When transferring a patient from the operating room bed to his/her transport bed, always a. make sure the wheels are locked b. make sure the surgeon is protecting the airway c. move the patient quickly d. leave the gravity drainage bag and IV fluids in the bed with the patient

make sure the wheels are locked

Hematocrit a. serves as a vehicle for O2 and CO2 transport b. measures the percentage of RBCs to total volume c. measures the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood d. measures clotting time

measures the percentage of RBCs to total volume

Supplying fluid, electrolytes and organic substances to cells in order to maintain electrical activity and transport of materials in and out of the cells is a physiological response of _______________. a. thermoregulation b. mutation c. attrition d. nutrition

nutrition

Beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries

pulse

Differences between systolic and diastolic

pulse pressure

The process of breathing; the inspiration and expiration of air involving the muscles of the chest and abdomen

respiration

As an age group, _____________________ welcome explanations and descriptions of how things work and how devices and equipment in the environment relate to their own bodies. a. toddlers b. preschoolers c. school-age children d. adolescents

school-age children

Hemoglobin: a. serves as a transport mechanism for CO2 and O2 b. measures the percentage of RBCs to total blood volume c. measures the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood d. measures clotting time

serves as a transport mechanism for CO2 and O2

Pressure at its peak during contraction on the heart

systolic

Several methods are available for transferring an unconscious patient from the stretcher to the operating bed. _______________ is the best option to use during the transfer. a. the transfer board b. the draw sheet c. lifting the patient d. asking the anesthesia care provider for help

the transfer board

Joan Morris is a 67-year-old woman admitted to a teaching hospital for cerebral angiography. The patient, a native English speaker and high school graduate whose daughter is a physician, had been well until several months earlier, when she fell and struck her head. Magnetic resonance imaging showed two large cerebral aneurysms. The interventional radiology service admitted her for cerebral angiography. The day after admission, cerebral angiography was performed, and one of the aneurysms was successfully embolized. The second aneurysm was deemed more amenable to surgical therapy, for which a subsequent admission was planned. After angiography, the patient was transferred to the oncology floor rather than returning to her original bed on the telemetry unit. Discharge was planned for the following day. The next morning, however, the patient was taken for an invasive cardiac electrophysiology study. Approximately 1 hour into the procedure, it became apparent that Ms. Morris was the wrong patient. The study was aborted and she was returned to her room in stable condition In your opinion, what errors occurred with Ms. Morris' case?

there were many error in Ms. Morris' case: - lack of proper communication between hospital employees - she was returned to the wrong floor after surgery - there was not a "name alert" that would help hospital employees be aware of another patient having a similar name - there was no evidence of a Time Out. This would have helped the surgical team realize they had the wrong patient for the procedure

Which of the following types of thermometers provides an accurate measurement of core temperature because it shares a blood supply with the hypothalamus? a. esophageal temp probe b. rectal temp probe c. tympanic probe d. oral temp probe

tympanic probe