Oral Communication Chapter 1

Communicating efficiently with social media

1. Choose the best medium or way to reach someone 2. Be careful what you post 3. Be considerate 4. Respect others' need for undivided attention 5. Keep your tone civil 6. Respect privacy boundaries 7. Be mindful of bystanders 8. Balance Mediated and Face time 9. Be safe

Myths of about communication

1. Communication is simply speaking 2. The speaker is active and the listener is passive. 3. Because I speak you understand. 4. Words have meaning 5. Communication will sole all your problems. 6. communication is always a good thing.

Frame of Reference

One's life orientation. Frame of reference describes the uniqueness of any one-person's "process of view." It is shaped by such factors as a person's gender,age,knowledge,needs,self-concepts,experience, and other factors.

Inclusion

Our human need to belong, to be a part of a personal relationship with both individuals and groups.

Communication satisfies our what.

Our human needs

Barriers include

External noise, internal noise, perceptual differences, inappropriate choice, overlooking nonverbal symbols, communication overload, communication under load, and defensive.

Understanding Cultures and cocultures

Had Intercultural and inter group communication and cultural differences are generalized

Psychologist William Schutz described our psychological, human, and social needs that communication satifies as the giving and getting of what

Inclusion,control, and affection or trust.

Roles

Indicate the behavior a person expects from him/herself as well as from others. His/Her expectations are based upon notions of social, gender, and vocational categories. Roles are associated with an individuals rights and responsibilities, and influence the perceptions of an individual within a given communication situation.

Four levels of communication

Intrapersonal, interpersonal, Public, and Mass

Perceptual differenes

Involve two communicators perceiving the same stimulus or event in different ways. This is due to different perspectives created by values, age, religion, and other factors. Perceptual differences are probably the most common barrier.

Circular Process

Involves communicators constantly changing and making corrections as they interact (feedback).

Perception

Is a selective process of gathering and interpreting seonsory data. Through perception we are able to create a personal reality that is sometimes similar to and at other times different than the reality of those around us.

Listening

Is an active, perceptual, deliberate process. When we listen, we assign meaning to sounds that we have selected to pay attention to.

Understanding social media section

Media vs face to face and why people use it.

Message

Messages are collections of verbal and/or nonverbal symbols that stand for the meaning intended by the communicator. Two people perceiving the same message may assign it different meanings.

Defensiveness

Occurs when a message is perceived as threatening to the communicators. Defensiveness greatly reduces the chance for effective communication because it builds walls between people.

Self Disclosure

Occurs when a person sends intentional verbal or nonverbal messages about her/himself, revealing information the other person is unlikely to have. Self-disclosure is risky, as the sender does not know how the receiver will react.

Our choice to behave around someone else is largely influenced by our what

Perceptions of ourselves and others

Content

The "what" of the message; the information or topic currently under discussion. Communicators who focus on content alone are missing much of the communication process.

meaning

The entire set of reactions called to mind in relationship to the symbols presented. The meaning of the message is in the source and the receiver. It is not in the symbols or message. There is not one correct meaning which should be attributed to a message.

Channel

The means by which messages are sent and received by communicators. People have 5 channels of communication our 5 senses.

Hearing

The passive., physical, auditory process in which sound waves strike the eardrum, sending vibrations to the brain.

Creating process

The process is a shared meaning in order to understand and exchange ideas, information, and feelings

Whats the major purpose of communication

The purpose is the survival of ourselves, our relationships, and of society.

Receiver

The recipient of a message.

Nonverbal communication

The use of non word symbols to create meaning between people. Nonverbal messages include symbols such as facial expressions, eye contact, body language, objects, actions, spatial relationships, how we speak(not what) and our environment. It is less precise than verbal communication.

Verbal communication

The use of spoken or written words to create meaning between people.

Complex Process

There are many variables operating in the communication process.(choice of symbols, perception, intellect, frame of reference,etc.)

Mass communicating

Through devices, the feedback are delayed for most audiences

Decoding

To assign meaning to received symbols. When we receive verbal and/ or nonverbal messages from others or the environment, we decode.

Encoding

To assign symbols to a thought or feeling so that we may express it to ourselves or others. When we send verbal and/ or nonverbal messages, we encode.

Interpersonal

Two people communicating or a small group

Linear model

Used until about 50 years ago the sender encode and the receiver decode the message

Irreversible part

What has been communicated can't be taken back.

Unrepeatable part

What has been communicated in a certain way can't be communicated that exact same way again.

Who was the dude used as an example in the books and what was the company

Zappos was the company and Tony Heish was the guy

we cannot communicate without

addressing our mutual relationships

Symmetrical relationship

are equal in any area.

complementary relationship

are viewed as unequal in certain areas

We cannot develop relationships without what

communicating

Public

communicating to a large crowd

Two of the broadest categories for defining our relationship are

complementary and symmetrical

Most of our communication problems and dissatisfaction come from what

defining the relationship rather than over the content of our messages.

Every communication message conveys what

information

Communication and interpersonal relationships are

inseparably interwined

Dynamic Process

involves action, interaction, reaction, and change inside a person and between people.

Communication Model

is helpful in integrating all if these individual factors into the dynamic, circular, and complex process which is human communication.

Communication underload

not enough information

Control

our human desire to influence others.

Affection or Trust

our human need/desire to be cared for and to care about others.

Source

the originator(sender) of a message

Human communition

the process of creating meaning through symbolic interaction

every communication message defines what

the relationship

What makes an effective communicator

the way they are defined, there characteristics, and they way they handle social media.

Communication overload

too much information

Overlooking nonverbal symbols

used by others

Inappropriate choice

verbal or nonverbal symbols

Transactional

we are always encoding and decoding; we are both sender and receiver at the same time.

Communication problems tend to arise when what

when the relationship definitions for that situation are not mutually shared by the individuals involved.

Characteristics of efficient communicators

1. Evaluate responses 2. Listens well 3. A good Interpersonal communication 4. Has Diversity Awareness 5. Good group and team skills 6. Ability to choose the right behavior 7. Skilled at performing the behavior 8. Have empathy/ perspective taking 9. Cognitive Complexity- frameworks for viewing an issue 10. Good at self-monitoring 11. Commits to the relationship.

Cultural values and norms shape communication section had

1. Individualism and collectivism 2.High and low cultural context 3. Uncertainty Avoidance 4. Power distance 5. Beliefs about talk and silence 6. Competitive and cooperative cultures

characteristics of communication

1. Its a process 2. Its relational not individual 3. It's symbolic

Basic Concepts of the Process of Human Communication

1. One should be aware of all factors contributing tot he meaning which you and i give to the communication process. 2. It's important to recognize, understand, and describe how the communication situation functions. 3. Words and other symbols do not in and of themselves have meaning. The meaning is in the people who send and receive those verbal and nonverbal symbols. 4. Perception(ones view of a situation) is unique and the foundation of all communication. 5. In many communication situations the meaning intended by the source is not the same meaning assigned by the receiver. Sometimes communication results in mutual understanding, but often it doesn't.

Ways to Communication efficiency

1. There is no ideal way to 2. Its situational 3. its relational 4. it can be learned

Developing Intercultural Communication Competence

1. increased contact 2. tolerance for Ambiguity 3. Open-mindedness 4. Knowledge and skill 5. Patience and perseverance

Co cultures and communication section

1. race and ethnicity 2. regional differences 3. Sexual orientation and gender identity 4. religion 5. physical ability 6. Age/generation 7. Socioeconomic status

What are the three simultaneous perspectives affecting our communication behavior.

1. the way we view ourselves 2. the way in which we view the other person 3. the way in which we think that the other person views us.

How people use social media

1. to ask questions 2. personal relationships 3. personal identity 4. entertainmeant.

Media vs face to face differences

1.Face to face is richer or more stuff comes through 2. Theres a lag on media 3. You can save stuff on media

Functions of communication or why we communicate

1.Physical needs 2. Identity needs 3. Social needs 4. Practical needs

Transactional model

A model that has the the sender encoding and decoding and the receiver also encoding and decoding.

Internal noise

A psychological or physiological interference in the communication process. Some type of noise is always presented. Ex- daydreaming, worrying, head ace

Feedback

A response to a received message. It is not possible to withhold feedback. (Deliberately trying to give no response will still be perceived as a response by the other communicator.) Feedback can serve to improve the accuracy of communication.

risk part

All communication carries the potential for rejection, ridicule, or some unwanted reaction.

Context

All the human and environmental factors that are present during the actual exchange of messages. It is the how,when,where,why, and the individuals involved in the conversation. Context encompasses both the physical and psychology "setting" of the communication.

External noise

An environmental interference in the communication process. Ex-traffic, crying baby at the ,ovies.

Barriers

Anything that blocks or inhibits accurate communication.

Symbols

Anything that stands for or represents something else, Symbols may be words, images, gestures, objects, actions,etc.

Unintentional part

Because we are always communicating others can assign unexpected meanings to our words or nonverbal stuff.

Communicating in a changing world has

Changing technology and changing discipline/what they studied

Communication defined section had

Characteristics of communication and the models of communication.

We cannot not communicate

Communication can't be turned off.

Inrapersonal

Communication within ones self

Principle of communication

Creating, Dynamic, Circular, Complex,Irreversible, Transactional, unrepeatable, unintentional, risk, and we cannot not communicate.